International Journal of Modern Anthropology最新文献_第10页

North African genetic variation of cytochrome and sulfotransferase genes 细胞色素和硫转移酶基因的北非遗传变异

International Journal of Modern Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJMA.V1I8.1

María Gaibar, M. Arqués, A. Fernández-Santander, A. Novillo, Alicia Romero-Lorca, Qi Li, M. E. Esteban

引用次数: 0

Origin of Ancient Canary Islanders Guanches: presence of Atlantic/Iberian HLA and Y chromosome genes and Ancient Iberian language 古加那利群岛人的起源:大西洋/伊比利亚人HLA和Y染色体基因和古伊比利亚语的存在

International Journal of Modern Anthropology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJMA.V1I8.4

A. Arnaiz-Villena, E. Muñiz, C. Campos, E. Gomez-Casado, Sandra Tomasi, N. Martinez-Quiles, M. Martín-Villa, José Palacio-Gruber

{"title":"Origin of Ancient Canary Islanders Guanches: presence of Atlantic/Iberian HLA and Y chromosome genes and Ancient Iberian language","authors":"A. Arnaiz-Villena, E. Muñiz, C. Campos, E. Gomez-Casado, Sandra Tomasi, N. Martinez-Quiles, M. Martín-Villa, José Palacio-Gruber","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I8.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I8.4","url":null,"abstract":"First CanaryIslands(Spain) Inhabitants (“Guanches”) origin has been much debated. Lately, it has come popular the simplistic theory that they came from North Africa. In the present paper, we conclude that not only North Africans but also Iberian/Atlantic Europeans (and possibly others) must have been first Canarians. Debate whether North Africans or Iberians were the first “Guanches” is artificial since Iberian Peninsula-North African genes flow in ancient times was abundant and Iberians share a great part of genetic profile with North Africans. New genetic (HLA) and linguistic data shown in the present paper, is supported by diverse early anthropological and “Guanches” mummies characters which confirm existence of at least two “Guanches” types and a correct interpretation of R1b Y chromosome high frequency in Atlantic Europe (Ireland, British Isles, North Spain,Basque Coast and Portugal), and also, is present in Canary Islands (13.3%). Present paper HLA genes partial data and presence of abundant old Iberian language scripts (which show an easy translation proposal by using Basque) in Fuerteventura and also in Lanzarote and El Hierro Islands suggest that a present day dogma of a hypothetically North African single origin should be changed. Both Atlantic/Europeans and North Africans define origin of Canary Islands first inhabitants. Keywords: Basque, Canary Islands, El Hierro, Fuerteventura, genes, genetic markers, Guanche, HLA, Iberian, Language, Lanzarote, Latin Inscriptions, R1b, R1b1b, Rock scripts, Usko-Mediterranean, Y chromosome.","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I8.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Language as genes of culture and biodiversity conservation: The case of “Zaysite” language in southern region of Ethiopia 语言作为文化基因与生物多样性保护——以埃塞俄比亚南部地区的“扎伊斯特”语为例

International Journal of Modern Anthropology Pub Date : 2013-05-16 DOI: 10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.1

A. Unasho

{"title":"Language as genes of culture and biodiversity conservation: The case of “Zaysite” language in southern region of Ethiopia","authors":"A. Unasho","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim : Ethiopia is a country of a remarkablei¦ mosaici¦ people each with its own distinct languages, and cultural norms without which progress and development are impossible and development that does not pay attention to culture and environment cannot produce fruits. Zeyse ethnic group is one of the minority ethnic groups whose language and its role to conserve biodiversity is not studied well. The aim of this study was to assess the status of Zeyse ethnic group language and its role in biodiversity conservation. Subjects : During the study, the status of the language and its role to conserve biodiversity were assessed by, taking a sample of 230 individuals from the population that includes age groups ranged from 10 to 105 years, who were native i§Zaysitei¨ speakers... Results and conclusion : The result indicated positive attitude of the respondents towards their language, the link between linguistically encoded indigenous environmental knowledge and biodiversity conservation, existence of some obsolete words of Zaysite language, and progressive decrease of the mean (ƒ{X ) numbers of correctly interpreted vocabularies from elders (ƒ{X =63.85) to teenagers (ƒ{X =37.23). These findings prove noticeable gradual decline in the use of Zaysite language. Losses of vocabularies, as social genes of culture and some words becoming obsolete have not only negative impacts on the proficiency and communicative functions of the language, but also on the biodiversity conservation because life in a particular human environment is dependent on peoplei¦s ability to express the environment using words (cultural genes) of the language. Therefore, language has a direct positive effect on the biodiversity conservation and hence, Zaysite and other languages need protection, preservation and documentation in order to conserve biodiversity. Key words : biodiversity, elders, endangerment, language preservation, teenagers, Zaysite, cultural genes","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70537889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Tiwanaku ( Titikaka Lake, Bolivia ) and Alberite Dolmen (Southern Spain) ritual “ears” Tiwanaku (Titikaka湖，玻利维亚)和Alberite Dolmen(西班牙南部)仪式“耳朵”

International Journal of Modern Anthropology Pub Date : 2013-05-16 DOI: 10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.3

A. Arnaiz-Villena, Javier Alonso-Rubio, V. Ruíz-del-Valle

{"title":"Tiwanaku ( Titikaka Lake, Bolivia ) and Alberite Dolmen (Southern Spain) ritual “ears”","authors":"A. Arnaiz-Villena, Javier Alonso-Rubio, V. Ruíz-del-Valle","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.3","url":null,"abstract":"There are indications of transatlantic cultural contacts in Prehistoric Times: Solutrean artifacts (about 20,000 years ago) are found in United States archeological sites and also cave wall inscriptions which may be a early alphabet and are identical all over the World are abundant in southern France and northern Spain. In the present paper, close similarities of a Tiwanaku (Titikaka Lake, Bolivia) “ritual ear” and another “ritual ears” observed in Alberite Dolmen (southern Spain, 7,000 years ago) are described. Functionality of these stone carved “ears” is related to amplifying voice and communication between shaman/priest and prayers. Thus, a religious role is put forward for these “ears”, but not excluding other functionalities. In addition, Basque language is considered as a remaining of the initial old Iberian-Tartessian language; Celtic Welsh is now being translated by using Iberian-Tartessian. Iberians identification with Atlantic Celts (British Isles and French Brittany) may be feasible. Also, words of an ancient European language (Basque) and Andean languages are similar in phonology and semantics. Our findings further strengthen the existence of transatlantic cultural contacts, which may have occurred in one direction or being also bidirectional during a wide range of prehistoric time. Key words : Alberite, Aymara, Basques, Bolivia, British, Celts, Dolmen, Iberians, Quechua, Spanish, Tiwanaku","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

The Nature of Identity in “ The Grapes of Wrath ”: A postmodern Study 《愤怒的葡萄》中的身份本质:后现代研究

International Journal of Modern Anthropology Pub Date : 2013-04-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.2

N. Hooti, Farzaneh Arjmand

{"title":"The Nature of Identity in “ The Grapes of Wrath ”: A postmodern Study","authors":"N. Hooti, Farzaneh Arjmand","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background : In modernism framework, identity is viewed as a fixed, essential and centered essence inside the mind of human and all his behaviors and characteristics are originated from this mental essence, while the post-structuralists see identity as multiple, contradictory, and changing over time. Aim : The purpose of the current study is to analyze the fragmented nature of the characters of “The Grapes of Wrath” on postmodern bedrock, where the nature of identity of all the characters is treated in singularity. The study further displays that as a text may have contradictory meanings, hence the characters of the text cannot be imprisoned within the domain of a single identity, but at each flow of the unrepeated time segment, the nature of identity keeps on changing. Method : The researchers aim at scrutinizing the selected novel through a postmodern outlook, where it opens texts up to alternative readings, i.e. to look for neglected and marginalized elements in texts especially the aporias. Results : The study wants to bring to picture that a text never achieves closure, but it is an open field of any possible learning with unpredicted interpretations. It shows that by challenging the tradition of the Metaphysics and resisting the imposed logos of life, all the biased and politicized stumbling blocks may be removed from the routine path of the natural growth of the characters of the novel, and the same thing may be applicable to the life itself. Keywords : Identity, Post-structuralism framework, multiple meanings, metaphysics of presence, Social Identity Theory.","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70537961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Themes in Spirit Possession in Ugandan Christianity 乌干达基督教中灵魂附身的主题

International Journal of Modern Anthropology Pub Date : 2013-04-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.5

R. James

{"title":"Themes in Spirit Possession in Ugandan Christianity","authors":"R. James","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.5","url":null,"abstract":"Spirit possession and the belief in witches and their curses is common in Uganda. This paper discerns a number of common themes that run through many of these experiences. In particular, sex as a motif for deviance and evil is noted as a common feature of many of the possession stories and all contact with spirits is seen as fundamentally dangerous. There is also some commonality in the content of some stories recounted by interviewees. This paper compares the observations and interviews conducted in Uganda and their common themes with Eni’s book Saved from the Powers of Darkness, with Ugandan cultural traditions and Ugandan experiences of terrorism to probe the origins of their conceptualisations. Through these comparisons it is possible to note Nigerian influence in at least some Ugandan expressions of the experience of spirit possession. However, Ugandan, rather than Nigerian, traditions and experiences are probably more important overall. Besides the traditions that are noted as influences on the way in which spirit possessions are expressed and experienced, the possibility for the breaking of witches’ curses being a cohesive of community activity is noted, as is a connection between the casting out of spirits and the resolve (or at least desire) to live a better, morally reformed, life in accordance with what is being preached in a church. This paper notes evidence that supports Horton’s suggestion that spirit possession is the theorisation of the world in order to understand and affect it. Key words : Spirit Possession; Witchcraft; Deliverance; Pentecostalism; Uganda","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A theoretical ovary position in link with the global anatomical structure of each human female body 一种理论的卵巢位置，与每个人类女性身体的整体解剖结构相联系

International Journal of Modern Anthropology Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.4

H. Chaabani

{"title":"A theoretical ovary position in link with the global anatomical structure of each human female body","authors":"H. Chaabani","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.4","url":null,"abstract":"Generally the position of different organs is determined by simple description following the anatomical elements surrounded them and such description could be developed and applied in surgical anatomy. Here, I present for the first time a theoretical three-dimensional ovary position in link with the global anatomical structure of each human female body. I advance the fact that ovaries are placed between two anatomical planes: a first plane of a frontal section touching at the top the internal edge of the manubrium sterni and at the bottom the convexity of the lumbar curvature of the spinal column and a second plane of a frontal section touching the two convexities of cervical and lumbar curvatures of the spinal column. Although during and after the first pregnancy ovaries become really slightly displaced they would keep the proposed three-dimensional position. The degree of accuracy of this theoretical position could be evaluated by using special combined techniques of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). If results will be positive, this finding would represent a new future view in particular fundamental anatomical studies where we will bring out the harmony between an organ position and the global individual anatomical structure. Key words : theoretical ovary position, three-dimensional position, individual anatomical structure","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I6.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Iberian-Tartessian scripts/graffiti in Iruna-Veleia (Basque Country, North Spain): findings in both Iberia and Canary Islands-Africa 伊比利亚-韦莱亚(西班牙北部巴斯克地区)的伊比利亚-塔尔泰西亚文字/涂鸦:在非洲伊比利亚和加那利群岛的发现

International Journal of Modern Anthropology Pub Date : 2012-05-23 DOI: 10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.2

A. Arnaiz-Villena, D. Rey

引用次数: 3

Synthetic review on the different anthropological aspects of hemoglobinopathies in Tunisia 突尼斯血红蛋白病不同人类学方面的综合综述

International Journal of Modern Anthropology Pub Date : 2012-05-23 DOI: 10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.4

A. Khelil, P. Perrin, G. Lefranc, J. Chibani

{"title":"Synthetic review on the different anthropological aspects of hemoglobinopathies in Tunisia","authors":"A. Khelil, P. Perrin, G. Lefranc, J. Chibani","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.4","url":null,"abstract":"Hemoglobinopathies are a group of hereditary hemolytic anemia characterized by qualitative (sickle cell disease) or quantitative (thalassemia) defects in the alpha or beta-globin chain synthesis. Homozygotes or compound heterozygotes for the mutated alpha or beta-globin genes can cause severe anemia at an early age. These pathologies are common in some areas (Mediterranean, Africa, India, and Southeast Asia). Tunisia, by its geographical location, its history and its socio-economic system, is particularly concerned by these pathologies. The frequency and severity of the beta-thalassemia syndrome justify the establishment of prevention programs including screening and genetic counseling especially in regions with relatively high degree of consanguinity. Molecular investigations are conducted to identify the molecular defects involved in β-thalassemia. Determination of the spectrum and distribution of beta globin gene mutations and haplotypes associated gave us the opportunity to develop and improve diagnostic tests and eventually to offer ante-natal diagnosis. In addition, molecular analyses gave us important anthropological information about the origins and the spread of Hemoglobinopathies mutations. Investigations have been conducted to propose the origin and the migration schemes of the most frequent β-thalassemia mutations in Tunisia (codon 39 and IVSI 110): a west-Mediterranean and ancient origin for codon 39 and an east-Mediterranean origin (Anatolia) for IVSI 110 during the Neolithic period. Concerning the βS mutation of the sickle cell anemia, the β-globin cluster restriction enzyme haplotypes and the sequence polymorphism analyses show a multicentric origin for this mutation. Arose about 3,000 years ago, this mutation was very likely introduced in North Africa from sub-Saharan Africa. Key words: Hemoglobinopathies, Genetic counseling, Molecular analyses, Migration schemes, Origins of mutations.","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70537804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

New contribution on the LRRK2 G2019S mutation associated to Parkinson’s disease: age estimation of a common founder event of old age in Moroccan Berbers 对与帕金森病相关的LRRK2 G2019S突变的新贡献:摩洛哥柏柏尔人老年共同创始事件的年龄估计

International Journal of Modern Anthropology Pub Date : 2012-05-23 DOI: 10.4314/IJMA.V1I5.1

G. Lucotte, D. David, N. Change

引用次数: 3