International Journal of Nanomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Nanorough Surface of Fibronectin Grafted Bioactive Zirconia Dental Implants by Using Glow Discharge Plasma Promotes Osseointegration in a Rabbit Model.","authors":"Lwin Moe Aung, Ting-Yi Renn, Jerry Chin-Yi Lin, Eisner Salamanca, Yi-Fan Wu, Yu-Hwa Pan, Nai-Chia Teng, Haw-Ming Huang, Ying-Sui Sun, Wei-Jen Chang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S494580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S494580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Nano-engineering techniques have significantly enhanced the various aspects of dentistry, with notable advancements, especially in dental implant surface modification. Dental implants are among the most significant and highly successful developments in contemporary dentistry. The use of nanotechnology for surface modification of zirconia ceramic implant increases interaction with surrounding bone cells, and ultimately leading to increase osseointegration.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Glow discharge plasma was utilized to graft allylamine and fibronectin nanoproteins onto the surface of zirconia implants. A total of 18 implants were placed in right and left femurs of nine New Zealand rabbits. Implant stability test (IST), 3D bone reconstruction and micro-CT (µCT) analysis, bone-implant contact (BIC) from histomorphometry analysis, and osteogenic gene expression were analyzed after scarification at 4, 8, and 12 weeks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IST results demonstrated a significant secondary stability gain at the end of 12 weeks. The surface-treated group obtained a gradual increase in marginal bone level. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed increased expression of osteogenic genes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and transcription factor SP7 (SP7) biomarkers at 4 weeks. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression increased at 8 weeks, while runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), collagen 1A1 (COL1), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK) exhibited the highest expression at 12 weeks. Importantly, histomorphometric analysis of BIC indicated that new bone formation was significantly higher in the A50F10 group compared to the control group at 12 weeks (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the above findings, we conclude that the nanorough zirconia implant surface grafted with fibronectin nanoproteins prominently stimulated cellular activity and improved osseointegration properties. These results evidence its potential for future applications in dental implant surface modifications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"12615-12631"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142768805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of DMDD with Nanoparticles Effective Against Diabetic Kidney Disease in vitro.","authors":"Xiao-Man Huang, Yan-Xiang Guo, Qiu-Ling Pang, Xiao-Yi Yan, Hui Yan, Jing-Yi Li, Gan-Ling Tang, Hui-Xian Jiang, Hong-Liang Zhang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S475840","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S475840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>2-Dodecyl-6-methoxy-2,5-diene-1,4-cyclohexanedione (DMDD), isolated from <i>Averrhoa carambola L</i>. root, has demonstrated the potential to reduce blood sugar levels. However, DMDD has poor solubility and bioavailability. This study aimed to formulate DMDD-loaded nanoparticles (DMDD-NPs) using chitosan crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate through the ionic crosslinking method and to investigate their effect on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) treatment by inhibiting the development of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DMDD-NPs were prepared by ionic crosslinking with sodium tripolyphosphate, optimizing six factors that affect nanoparticle characteristics, including particle size and zeta potential. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading rate (DL) were optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The structure and characteristics of DMDD-NPs, including size, EE, DL, and release rates, were analyzed. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, while the migration capacity of HK-2 cells was evaluated through scratch-wound assays. The expression of EMT-related markers (E-cadherin, Vimentin, and TGF-β1) was assessed by qRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized formulation for DMDD-NPs was CS:TPP:DMDD = 10:3:3 (w), at pH 3.5, with 1.0 mg/mL of CS and stirring at 500 rpm for 30 min. In these conditions, the nanoparticles had a particle size of 320.37 ± 2.93 nm, an EE of 85.09 ± 1.43%, and a DL of 15.88 ± 0.51%. The DMDD-NPs exhibited a spherical shape, no leakage and minimal adhesion. The optimal freeze-drying protectant was a combination of 0.025% mannitol and 0.025% lactose. The drug release followed the Higuchi model. DMDD-NPs improved HK-2 cell proliferation at lower concentrations (<24 μg/mL) and showed greater cell migration inhibition than DMDD. DMDD-NPs promoted E-cadherin expression and inhibited vimentin and TGF-β1 expression, suggesting their potential role in preventing EMT for DKD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"12439-12460"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanolevel Immunomodulators in Sepsis: Novel Roles, Current Perspectives, and Future Directions.","authors":"Liangkang Lin, Hanyou Liu, Dingshan Zhang, Lijia Du, Haiyang Zhang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S496456","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S496456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sepsis represents a profound challenge in critical care, characterized by a severe systemic inflammatory response which can lead to multi-organ failure and death. The intricate pathophysiology of sepsis involves an overwhelming immune reaction that disrupts normal host defense mechanisms, necessitating innovative approaches to modulation. Nanoscale immunomodulators, with their precision targeting and controlled release capabilities, have emerged as a potent solution to recalibrate immune responses in sepsis. This review explores the recent advancements in nanotechnology for sepsis management, emphasizing the integration of nanoparticulate systems to modulate immune function and inflammatory pathways. Discussions detail the development of the immune system, the distinct inflammatory responses triggered by sepsis, and the scientific principles underpinning nanoscale immunomodulation, including specific targeting mechanisms and delivery systems. The review highlights nanoformulation designs aimed at enhancing bioavailability, stability, and therapeutic efficacy, which shows promise in clinical settings by modulating key inflammatory pathways. Ultimately, this review synthesizes the current state of knowledge and projects future directions for research, underscoring the transformative potential of nanolevel immunomodulators for sepsis treatment through innovative technologies and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"12529-12556"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc-Based Nanoparticles, but Not Silicon-Based Nanoparticles, Accumulate in Mitochondria and Promote Cell Death in Liver Cancer Cells.","authors":"Joana C Pieretti, Thaissa L Horne, Natalia García-Villasante, Amedea B Seabra, Jordi Muntané","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S474643","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S474643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main hepatic primary malignancy. Patients with advanced HCC receiving the recommended therapies have a poor outcome. In different settings, nanotechnology has gained attraction as a potential alternative strategy for improving therapeutic effectiveness. Among several nanoparticles (NPs), inorganic NPs, such as zinc and silicon oxides (ZnO and SiO₂), are mainly chosen as drug nanocarriers, as both present great adsorption properties and biocompatibility.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective is to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the proapoptotic effects of ZnO and SiO₂ NPs in differentiated hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2) and mesenchymal liver cancer cells (SNU449).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dose-dependent induction of cell cytotoxicity by ZnO and SiO₂ NPs (5 to 50 µg/mL) was determined in HepG2 and SNU449 cells. NPs intracellular localization was assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cell death was determined by trypan blue staining and caspase-3 and -8 activities. Cell respiration was determined using MitroStress assay (Seahorse, Agilent).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ZnO NPs, but not SiO₂ NPs, reduced cell viability in HepG2 and SNU449. Interestingly, SNU449 appeared to be more susceptible than HepG2 to ZnO NPs (IC50 of 27.4 ± 1.4 µg/mL and 41.8 ± 0.4 µg/mL, respectively). SiO₂ NPs tended to be localized in lysosomes in both cell lines, while ZnO NPs demonstrated a random distribution with a high presence in mitochondria and related structures. As expected, SiO₂ NPs did not reduce cell survival and cell respiration, while ZnO NPs promoted cell death and decreased oxygen consumption rate. ZnO NPs mitochondrial accumulation was associated with increased apoptosis in HepG2, while necroapoptosis was mainly involved in ZnO-induced cell death in SNU449.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SiO₂ demonstrated no cytotoxic profile against liver cancer cells. ZnO NPs demonstrated to accumulate in mitochondria impacting cell respiration and cell death in liver cancer cells. ZnO induced apoptosis and necroptosis in HepG2 and SNU449, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"12409-12420"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11600939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Efficacy of Some Antibiotics in the Presence of Silver Nanoparticles Against Clinical Isolate of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Recovered from Cystic Fibrosis Patients.","authors":"Hafez Al-Momani, Hadeel Albalawi, Dua'a Al Balawi, Khaled M Khleifat, Iman Aolymat, Saja Hamed, Borhan Aldeen Albiss, Ashraf I Khasawneh, Ola Ebbeni, Ayman Alsheikh, AbdelRahman M Zueter, Jeffrey Peter Pearson, Christopher Ward","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S479937","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S479937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Given the increasing frequency of drug-resistant bacteria and the limited progress in developing new antibiotics, it is necessary to explore new methods of combating microbial infections. Nanoparticles, particularly silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), have shown exceptional antibacterial characteristics; however, elevated concentrations of Ag-NPs can produce noticeable levels of toxicity in mammalian cells.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examined the potential synergistic effect of combining a low dosage of Ag-NPs and anti-pseudomonas drugs against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (ATCC strain) and eleven clinical isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Ag-NPs were chemically produced by utilizing a seed extract from <i>Peganum Harmala</i> and characterized via ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The broth microdilution technique was utilized to investigate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ag-NPs and eight antibiotics (Piperacillin, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Meropenem, Amikacin, Ceftazidime, Gentamicin, Aztreonam). The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) was determined via the checkerboard method to evaluate the synergistic effects of Ag-NPs and various antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The biosynthesized Ag-NPs were uniformly spherical and measured around 15 nm in size. When combined with antibiotics, Ag-NP produced statistically significant reductions in the amount of antibiotics required to completely prevent <i>P. aeruginosa</i> growth for all strains. The findings revealed that the MIC of Ag-NPs was 15 ug/mL for all strains which decreased substantially when administered with antibiotics at a dose of 1.875-7.5 ug/mL. The majority of Ag-NP and antibiotic combinations exhibited a synergistic or partially synergistic impact. This was particularly noticeable in combinations containing Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, and Aztreonam (in which the FIC index was less than or equal to 0.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings revealed that combining Ag-NPs with antibiotics was more effective than using Ag-NPs or antibiotics in isolation and that combinations of Ag-NPs and antimicrobial agents displayed synergistic activity against the majority of strains assessed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"12461-12481"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11602434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of Gene Therapy and Chemotherapy in a New Targeted Hybrid Nanosystem to Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Dina Farinha, Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro, Henrique Faneca","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S474665","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S474665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent liver cancer and constitutes one of the main causes of cancer mortality. The combination of targeted therapy drugs, such as selumetinib and perifosine that inhibit cell signaling pathways involved in cell survival and proliferation, with the expression of tumor suppressor transgenes, such as PTEN, may result in an efficient therapeutic approach against HCC. Thus, the main objective of this work was to develop a new lipid-polymer hybrid nanosystem (HNP), composed of a PLGA core coated with a pH-sensitive lipid bilayer functionalized with the targeting ligand GalNAc, in order to specifically and efficiently deliver this novel combination of therapeutic agents in HCC cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering were used to determine the physicochemical properties of hybrid nanosystems and their components. The biological activity and specificity of nanosystems were evaluated using luminescence and flow cytometry. A variety of techniques were used to assess the therapeutic activity of hybrid nanosystems, including the Alamar Blue assay for cell viability; flow cytometry for cell death mechanisms, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle; luminescence for caspase activity; flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy for cell proliferation; and Western blot for molecular targets levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained results showed that this new hybrid nanosystem not only has a high loading capacity of both drugs, but also allows for substantial expression of the PTEN transgene. In addition, the developed formulation has high stability, adequate physicochemical properties and high specificity to HCC cells. Moreover, the achieved data revealed that this innovative nanosystem presents a high antitumor effect, demonstrated not only by the enhancement on the programmed cell death, but also by the reduction in cell proliferation capacity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The generated formulation shows a high anticancer effect, demonstrating a high translational potential for future clinical application in HCC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"12505-12527"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142739335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxoplasma gondii-Derived Exosomes: A Potential Immunostimulant and Delivery System for Tumor Immunotherapy Superior to Toxoplasma gondii.","authors":"Lai-Xi Zhao, Qiong Sun, Chong Wang, Jia-Jia Liu, Xiao-Rong Yan, Meng-Ci Shao, Li Yu, Wen-Hua Xu, Rui Xu","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S483626","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S483626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy have ushered in a new era of tumor treatment. However, most patients do not benefit from immunotherapy due to limitations such as narrow indications, low response rates, and high rates of adverse effects. <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> (<i>T. gondii</i>), a specialized intracellular protozoan, can modulate host immune responses by inhibiting or stimulating cytokines. The ability of <i>T. gondii</i> to enhance an organism's immune response was found to have a direct anti-tumor effect and enhance the sensitivity of patients with tumors to ICB therapy. However, the application of <i>T. gondii</i> for tumor therapy faces several challenges, such as biosafety concerns. Exosomes, a subtype of extracellular vesicle that contains active components such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, have become effective therapeutic tools for various diseases, including tumors. Parasites, such as <i>T. gondii</i>, mediate the communication of pathogens with immune cells and modulate host cellular immune responses through exosomes. Growing evidence indicates that <i>T. gondii</i>-derived exosomes mediate communication between pathogens and immune cells, modulate host immune responses, and have great potential as new tools for tumor therapy. In this review, we highlight recent advances in isolation and identification techniques, profiling analysis, host immunomodulatory mechanisms, and the role of <i>T. gondii</i>-derived exosomes in tumor immunotherapy. Additionally, we emphasize the potential of <i>T. gondii</i>-derived exosomes as delivery platform to enhance anti-tumor efficacy in combination with other therapies. This review proposes that T. gondii-derived exosomes may serve as a novel tool for tumor immunotherapy owing to their ability to activate host immune function and properties such as high modifiability, stability, and low toxicity. This work will assist in promoting the application of parasite exosomes in tumor therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"12421-12438"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loratadine Loaded Chitosan Tannic Acid Nanoparticles as Anti-Proliferative Agent Against Breast Cancer: In-silico, in-vitro and Cell Studies.","authors":"Isra H Ali, Moawia M Al-Tabakha, Islam A Khalil","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S483667","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S483667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to prepare Loratadine-loaded chitosan/tannic acid nanoparticles (LOR-CS/TAN NPs) through ionic gelation to be used as an anti-proliferative agent to aid in overcoming breast cancer propagation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, in-silico virtual screening was carried out to select the most appropriate anti-histaminic drug based on its inhibitory effect on the H1-histamine receptor, resulting in the selection of Loratadine (LOR). Molecular interaction between LOR with chitosan (CS), a positively charged polymer, and hyaluronan, a negatively charged polymer, was investigated separately through molecular docking, leading to the selection of CS. Optimization was carried out using Box Behnken Design, with concentrations of CS, LOR, and tannic acid (TAN) as independent variables. The optimized nanoparticles were then examined through morphological and physicochemical studies. Cell studies against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line were conducted to assess cytotoxicity, cell cycle, apoptosis, and necrosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimum formulation was determined to be CS (0.2% w/v), LOR (1:2 weight ratio to CS), and TAN (1:30.6 weight ratio to CS). The optimized LOR-CS/TAN NPs exhibited a size of 283 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.102, and an entrapment efficiency of 78%, along with sustained drug release for 24 hours. The results demonstrated that LOR-CS/TAN NPs possess higher anti-cancer activity compared to free LOR. This enhanced activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of the drug and the designed nanoparticle, particularly due to the presence of tannic acid.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, Loratadine-loaded chitosan/tannic acid nanoparticles (LOR-CS/TAN NPs) demonstrated enhanced anti-cancer activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The synergistic effect of Loratadine and the nanoparticle system, particularly due to the presence of tannic acid, resulted in higher cytotoxicity compared to free Loratadine. These findings suggest that LOR-CS/TAN NPs have significant potential as a novel anti-proliferative agent for breast cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"12483-12504"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11590658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificially Modified NK Cell-Based Synergistic Immuno-Gene-Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer.","authors":"Jiale Wu, Kaihong Shi, Wei Chao, Zeyu Qin, Youhui Hu, Yihua Yang, Yuan He, Yabing Hua, Ziming Zhao","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S481368","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S481368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The immunotherapeutic approach utilizing Natural Killer (NK) cells for cancer treatment has garnered significant interest owing to its inherent cytotoxicity, immunomodulatory properties, demonstrated safety in in vivo studies. However, multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment (TME) suppress the anticancer effect of NK cells in the treatment of solid tumors. Herein, a smart NK cell drug delivery system (DDS) with photo-responsive and TME-responsive properties was designed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The NK cell DDS consists of two parts: the carrier is living NK cell with pH-low (abbreviated as NK_pH) insertion peptide on its surface, the cargo is reductive-responsive nanogel (NG) encapsulated siRNA and photosensitizer (abbreviated as SP-NG), the final carrier was abbreviated as SP-NG@ NK_pH. Firstly, pHLip helped artificially modified NK cell target and anchor onto cancer and exert the efficacy of cellular immunotherapy. Then, the strategy of combining photoactivation and bioreduction responsiveness achieved the precise release of cargos in cancer cells. Finally, the DDS combined the effect of the immunotherapy of NK cell, the gene therapy of siRNA, and the photodynamic therapy of photosensitizer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under near-infrared laser irradiation, SP-NG@NK_pH induced an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells, exacerbated cell membrane permeability, and allowed for rapid drug release. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), NG exhibits highly sensitive reducibility for drug release. The SP-NG released from NK cells can be uptaken by tumor cells. When exposed to near-infrared laser irradiation, SP-NG@NK_pH demonstrates significant tumor-targeting specificity and cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The combined effect of the immunotherapy of NK cell, the gene therapy of siRNA, and the photodynamic therapy of photosensitizer obtained a stronger cancer killing effect in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this versatile NK cell DDS exhibits a good clinical application prospect.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"12323-12342"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-Inspired Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of <i>Jamun</i> and Research on Its Biomedical Potential.","authors":"Gitishree Das, Han-Seung Shin, Kyung-Jik Lim, Jayanta Kumar Patra","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S480592","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S480592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bio-based synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has garnered much attention in recent times owing to their non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective nature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, gold nanoparticles (S4-GoNPs) were synthesized by a simple and environmentally friendly technique using an aqueous extract of jamun leaves (JLE) as an effective capping, stabilizer, and reducing agent. JLE was screened for the presence of phytochemicals followed by synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of their antibacterial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and photocatalytic degradation potentials using standard established procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The phytochemical profile of JLE was found to be rich in flavonoids, tannins, terpenoid phenols, anthraquinones, and cardiac glycosides. Its GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of compounds majorly of them as the (1R)-2,6,6-Trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene (5.141%), 2(10)-pinene (4.119%), α-cyclopene (5.274%) α,α-muurolene (7.525%), naphthalene, 1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-(1.alpha.,4a.beta.,8a.alpha) (8.470%), delta-cadinene (23.246), α-guajene (3.451%), and gamma-muurolene (4.379%). The visual morphology and UV-Vis spectral surface plasmon resonance at 538 nm confirmed the successful synthesis of S4-GoNPs. The average particle size was determined as 120.5 nm with Pdi = 0.152, and -27.6 mV zeta potential. Using the Scherrer equation, the average crystallite size was calculated as 35.69 nm. S4-GoNPs displayed significant antidiabetic properties, with 40.67% of α-amylase and 91.33% of α-glucosidase inhibition activity. It also exhibited promising antioxidant potential in terms of the DPPH (91.56%) ABTS (76.59%) scavenging. It displayed 31.04% tyrosinase inhibition at 0.1 mg/mL. Moreover, it also demonstrated encouraging antibacterial effects with zones of inhibition ranging from 11.02 - 14.12 mm as compared to 10.55-16.24 mm by the reference streptomycin (at 0.01 mg/disc). In addition, S4-GoNPs also showed potential for the photocatalytic degradation of the industrial dye, methylene blue.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, these results suggest the promising applicability of green-synthesized S4-GoNPs in various sectors, including the biomedical, cosmetic, food, and environmental waste management industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"12257-12286"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}