International Journal of Nanomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Chondroitin Sulphate-Chitosan Based Nanogels Loaded with Naringenin-β-Cyclodextrin Complex as Potential Tool for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Formulation Study.","authors":"Gaia Zucca, Barbara Vigani, Caterina Valentino, Marco Ruggeri, Nicoletta Marchesi, Alessia Pascale, Giulia Giovilli, Lorenzo Malavasi, Giuseppina Sandri, Silvia Rossi","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S488507","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S488507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The main purpose of the study was the formulation development of nanogels (NHs) composed of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and low molecular weight chitosan (lCH), loaded with a naringenin-β-cyclodextrin complex (NAR/β-CD), as a potential treatment for early-stage diabetic retinopathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Different formulations of NHs were prepared by varying polymer concentration, lCH ratio, and pH and, then, characterized for particle size, zeta potential, particle concentration (particles/mL) and morphology. Cytotoxicity and internalization were assessed in vitro using Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC). The NAR/β-CD complex was prepared and evaluated for morphology, complexation efficiency, and solubility. Finally, the most promising NH prototype was loaded with NAR/β-CD (NH@NAR/β-CD) and further characterized for encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, opacity and cytotoxicity on HUVEC; in vitro release test and DPPH assay were performed to investigate NH capability to sustain NAR release and NH@NAR/β-CD antioxidant properties, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NH properties were influenced by polymer concentration, lCH ratio, and pH. N3 (0.5 mg/mL; lCH=1.5:1; pH = 5) and N9 (0.5 mg/mL; lCH=1:1; pH = 5) showed optimal characteristics, including small size (<350 nm) and positive zeta potential, facilitating cellular uptake. The NAR/β-CD complex showed 71% complexation efficiency and enhanced NAR solubility. Since characterized by superior properties and better in vitro biocompatibility, N3 was loaded with NAR/β-CD. N3@NAR/β-CD capability to sustain in vitro NAR release, radical scavenging activity and in vitro biocompatibility were finally demonstrated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The physico-chemical properties of N3@NAR/β-CD were responsible for their cell uptake, suggesting their potential to target retinal endothelial cells. The high NAR/β-CD complexation efficiency and the sustained NAR release over 72 hours could guarantee the maintenance of an effective drug concentration at the damage site while reducing the injection number. Further studies about the safety and the effectiveness of the intravitreal injection of NHs@NAR/β-CD will be performed on a diabetic animal model.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"907-932"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted Delivery of Nanovaccine to Dendritic Cells via DC-Binding Peptides Induces Potent Antiviral Immunity in vivo [Expression of Concern].","authors":"","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S518089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S518089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"967-968"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11772996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Graphene Oxide with 2-Methoxyestradiol for Effective Anticancer Therapy in-vitro Model.","authors":"Katarzyna Uzdrowska, Narcyz Knap, Lucyna Konieczna, Anna Kamm, Alicja Kuban-Jankowska, Joanna Gierałtowska, Mariusz Belka, Magdalena Baran, Adrian Chlanda, Krystian Michał Kowiorski, Aleksander Żołnierski, Jacek Gulczynski, Ludwika Lipińska, Tomasz Bączek, Ewa Izycka-Swieszewska, Magdalena Górska-Ponikowska","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S498947","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S498947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This article describes the invention of graphene oxide (GO) or reduced graphene oxide (rGO) functionalised with 2-methoxy estradiol. The presence of polar hydroxyl groups enables the binding of 2-ME to GO/rGO through hydrogen bonds with epoxy and hydroxyl groups located on the surface and carbonyl and carboxyl groups located at the edges of graphene flake sheets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The patented method of producing the subject of the invention and the research results regarding its anticancer effectiveness via cytotoxicity in an in vivo model (against A375 melanoma and 143B osteosarcoma cells) are described.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was shown that the inhibition of PTP1B phosphotyrosine phosphatase is one of the mechanisms of action of GO functionalised with 2-ME (GO-2-ME). This is a very important result, considering the fact that 2-ME itself has no inhibitory properties against this phosphatase.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Graphene oxide flakes embroidered with 2-methoxyestradiol molecules may be a promising solution, bringing a new and important effect in the form of improving the bioavailability of the therapeutic substance, ie 2-ME. An appropriate dosage of GO-2-ME/rGO-2-ME, in which GO/rGO is a carrier of 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), can ensure effective penetration of the active substance through biological boundaries/membranes and controlled modification of cell signalling, ultimately leading to the selective elimination of malignant cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"933-950"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multifunctional MIL-101-NH₂(Fe) Nanoplatform for Synergistic Melanoma Therapy.","authors":"Jinlu Shang, Yongjun Chen, Fangliang Wang, Jing Yang, Yi Li, Liuxuan Yang, Xiuqiong Liu, Zhirong Zhong, Chaochi Yue, Meiling Zhou","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S502089","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S502089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer, and single-modality treatments often fail to prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis. Combination therapy has emerged as an effective approach to improve treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we developed a multifunctional nanoplatform, MIL@DOX@ICG, utilizing MIL-101-NH₂(Fe) as a carrier to co-deliver the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) and the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG). MIL-101-NH₂(Fe) was synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Drug release was evaluated under different pH conditions, and the photothermal effect was tested under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Hydroxyl radical and reactive oxygen species generation capacities were quantified. Cellular studies using B16F10 cells assessed cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, migration inhibition, and colony formation suppression. In vivo experiments in melanoma-bearing mice evaluated antitumor efficacy and systemic safety through tumor growth inhibition, histological analyses, and toxicity assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MIL@DOX@ICG exhibited a uniform octahedral structure with a particle size of approximately 139 nm and high drug loading efficiencies for DOX (33.70%) and ICG (30.59%). The nanoplatform demonstrated pH-responsive drug release and potent photothermal effects. The generation of hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction and reactive oxygen species production under NIR laser irradiation by MIL@DOX@ICG were confirmed. In vitro assessments revealed significant cytotoxicity of MIL@DOX@ICG against B16F10 cells under NIR laser irradiation, with improved efficacy in inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. In vivo studies confirmed the superior antitumor efficacy of MIL@DOX@ICG + NIR treatment, synergistically harnessing chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and chemodynamic therapy effects while maintaining excellent biocompatibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings underscore the potential of MIL-101-NH₂(Fe) nanoparticles as a versatile and effective platform for synergistic melanoma therapy, offering a promising strategy for overcoming the limitations of conventional treatment modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"969-988"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11766718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conglomerated Imiquimod and Metronidazole Incorporated Biodegradable Nanofibrous Mats for Potential Therapy of Cervical Cancer.","authors":"Yi-Pin Chen, Chiao-Fan Chiu, Chien-Neng Wang, Chu-Chi Lin, Chia-Rui Shen, Yi-Chen Yao, Yi-Hua Kuo, Shih-Jung Liu","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S482290","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S482290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In clinical practice, imiquimod is used to treat Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related lesions, such as condyloma and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN). Metronidazole is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic for bacterial vaginosis. The study developed biodegradable imiquimod- and metronidazole-loaded nanofibrous mats and assessed their effectiveness for the topical treatment of cervical cancer, a type of HPV-related lesion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nanofibers of two distinct poly[(d,l)-lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide] (PLGA)-to-drug ratios (6:1 and 4:1) were manufactured through the electrospinning technology. The in vitro release behavior of imiquimod and metronidazole was evaluated via an elution method, while the in vivo discharge behavior was evaluated on a mice model. Additionally, a model of cervical cancer was established using C57BL/6J mice, and it was utilized to evaluate the efficacy of drug-eluting nanofibers through in vivo testing. Mice afflicted with cervical cancer were separated into three distinct groups for the study: The mice in Group A served as the control and received no treatment. Group B received treatment with pure PLGA nanofibers (no drugs loaded), whereas Group C received treatment with nanofibers loaded with imiquimod and metronidazole. Post implantation, the variations in tumor sizes of rats receiving the implantation of drug-eluting nanofibers were monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experimental data show that drug-eluting nanofibers could discharge in vitro high concentrations of imiquimod and metronidazole for exceeding 30 days. In vivo, each membrane consistently released elevated concentrations of imiquimod/metronidazole at the intended site in mice over a four-week period, with minimal systemic drug concentration detected in the bloodstream. The mice treated with drug-loaded nanofibers displayed noticeably reduced tumor volumes compared to both the control group and the group treated with pristine nanofibers. Histological examination revealed the absence of any discernible tissue inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Biodegradable nanofibers with a sustainable release of imiquimod and metronidazole demonstrated their effectiveness and lasting impact of treating mice with cervical cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"951-966"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Nanozyme-Based Multicomponent in situ Hydrogels with Antibacterial, Hypoxia-Relieving and Proliferative Properties for Promoting Gastrostomy Tube Tract Maturation.","authors":"Feng Xiao, Bisong Yan, Tianwen Yuan, Yang He, Xiaojun Zhang, Xiaoyun He, Wei Peng, Ying Xu, Jun Cao","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S496537","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S496537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Gastrostomy is the commonly used enteral feeding technology. The clinical risks caused by tube dislodgement and peristomal site infection are the common complications before complete tract maturation after gastrostomy. However, there is currently no relevant research to promote gastrostomy wound treatment and tract maturation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Herein, a nanozyme loaded bioactive hydrogels (MO-HPA) was developed to accelerate tract maturation and inhibit bacteria. Nano-manganese dioxide (n-MO) and polylysine modified hyaluronic acid (HP) were synthesized and characterized. In situ hydrogels were prepared by mixing the HP/ alginate solution, and the n-MO solution containing Ca²⁺. The structure, physicochemical and mechanical properties of MO-HPA were evaluated. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity, and the In vitro and intracellular oxygen production efficacy were determined. The cell migration, wound healing and tube tract maturation promotion effect were assessed in cell experiments and in skin defect mouse model, as well as rabbit gastrostomy model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The n-MO has a uniform particle size with oxygen producing activities. The MO-HPA demonstrated a homogeneous and porous microstructure. Additionally, the gelation time, swelling ratio, rheological behavior, and mechanical properties of hydrogels could be tuned by adjusting the HP content. The antibacterial efficiency of the MO-HPA_1.0 group on <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> increased by about 40.1% and 55.6% respectively, compared to the MO-HPA_0.5 group. Additionally, MO-HPA_1.0 hydrogel demonstrated effective oxygen-producing and cell migration-promoting functions in both in vitro and cellular experiments. The MO-HPA_1.0 group significantly accelerated wound healing in both of mouse skin defect model and rabbit gastrostomy model. The hydrogel group exhibited a significant promotion in collagen content and reduction in HIF-1α, which effectively hastened tract maturation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Therefore, our study provides new and critical insights into a strategy to design bioactive hydrogels with multiple functions, which can open up a new avenue for accelerated wound healing after gastrostomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"827-848"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11762016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Evaluation of Aloperine-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.","authors":"Hui Liu, Siyun Liu, Pengsheng Ma, Long Ma, Yuxin Liu, Fang Zhao, Ru Zhou","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S489133","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S489133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study focuses on the development and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) loaded with aloperine as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The NLCs were designed to enhance the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of aloperine, a compound with vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Through a series of experiments including single-factor experimentation, transmission electron microscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and tissue distribution studies, we assessed the physicochemical properties, drug release profiles, and in vitro and in vivo performance of this novel nanocarrier.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prepared aloperine-loaded NLCs exhibited a milky white and translucent suspension appearance, presenting a quasi-spherical shape under a transmission electron microscope, with an average particle size of (509.48±30.04) nm and an entrapment efficiency of (64.18±1.14)%. The drug release profile demonstrated good sustained-release characteristics in vitro, and the formulation remained stable for up to 15 days when stored at 4°C. Compared to the aloperine solution group, the t_1/2, AUC_(0→t), AUC_(0→∞), MRT_(0→t), and clearance rate of the aloperine-loaded NLCs were 2.3, 2.96, 3.06, 3.03, and 0.22 times higher, respectively. This indicates that formulating aloperine into NLCs can prolong its circulation time in the body. Furthermore, the concentrations of aloperine in the lungs of the NLCs group were 1.79, 3.78, and 2.30 times higher than those in the solution group at three time points (0.25 h, 1.5 h, 4 h), suggesting that NLCs can increase the accumulation of aloperine in the lungs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that NLCs loaded with aloperine could offer a promising strategy for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"871-886"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"iRGD-Targeted Biosynthetic Nanobubbles for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging of Osteosarcoma.","authors":"Tingting Liu, Xiaoxin Liang, Wei Liu, Shuai Yang, Tao Cui, Fei Yan, Zhenzhou Li","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S494151","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S494151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the bone. However, there is a lack of effective means for early diagnosis due to the heterogeneity of tumors and the complexity of tumor microenvironment. αvβ3 integrin, a crucial role in the growth and spread of tumors, is not only an effective biomarker for cancer angiogenesis, but also highly expressed in many tumor cells. Here, we selected it as the imaging target and fabricated iRGD-sGVs acoustic probe for the early-stage diagnosis of osteosarcoma.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Biological nanoscale gas vesicles (sGVs) were extracted from <i>Serratia 39006</i>. Their morphology was analyzed with phase contrast and transmission electron microscopes. Particle size and zeta potential were measured by a Zetasizer. iRGD-targeted molecular probes (iRGD-sGVs) were prepared by coupling iRGD to sGVs via Mal-PEG2000-NHS. Targeting efficiency of iRGD-sGVs was evaluated using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy on endothelial and K7M2 osteosarcoma cells. In vivo contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging of iRGD-sGVs was performed in osteosarcoma-bearing mice, and the expression of a_vβ₃ in osteosarcoma was detected through immunofluorescence staining assay. Biocompatibility of sGVs was assessed by hemolysis tests, CCK8 cytotoxicity assays, blood biochemical tests, and HE staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>sGVs from <i>Serratia</i>.39006 have smaller particle size (about 160 nm). Our in vitro and in vivo experiments showed the specifically binding ability of iRGD-sGVs to both vascular endothelial cells and tumor cells, producing the stronger and longer acoustic signals in tumors in comparison with the control probe. Immunofluorescence staining results indicated iRGD-sGVs were co-localized with highly expressed αvβ3 in tumor vasculature and osteosarcoma cells. Biocompatibility analysis showed no significant cytotoxicity of iRGD-sGVs to mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study provides a new strategy for early diagnosis of osteosarcoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"791-805"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Thickening Agent Proportions in Optimizing Nanoemulsion Gel for Dermatophytosis Treatment.","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Chen-Chen Wu, Hua Jiang, Jia-Fu Zhao, Zhong-Jian Pan, Yin Zheng","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S479514","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S479514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adjusting thickening agent proportions in nanoemulsion gel (NG) balances its transdermal and topical delivery properties, making it more effective for dermatophytosis treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Carbomer 940 and α-pinene were used as model thickening agent and antifungal, respectively. A series of α-pinene NGs (αNG1, αNG2, αNG3) containing 0.5%, 0.75% and 1% (w/w) Carbomer 940 were developed and evaluated for stability, rheological properties, and skin irritation; assessed for ex vivo skin permeation, deposition, and fluorescent imaging of drug distribution within skin layers; and tested in vivo for efficacy against <i>Trichophyton rubrum</i> infection in guinea pigs, with PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) staining confirming fungal clearance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The steady-state skin flux rates of α-pinene over 24 hours were αNG1 (46.93±2.52 μg/cm²/h) > αNG2 (26.01±2.65 μg/cm²/h) > αNG3 (11.36±1.69 μg/cm²/h). The α-pinene deposition in the epidermis/dermis for αNG1 decreased substantially from 2 h (62.74 ± 3.36 μg/cm²) to 12 h (11.7 ± 2.24 μg/cm²). In contrast, αNG2 showed relatively sustained deposition with 2 h (25.54 ± 2.67 μg/cm²), 6 h (57.32 ± 4.62 μg/cm²) and 12 h (23.69 ± 3.29 μg/cm²). αNG3 exhibited a slow increase from 2 h (18.32 ± 2.11 μg/cm²) to 12 h (36.78 ± 3.22 μg/cm²). The αNG2 exhibited the highest efficacy and fungal clearance rates (71.42%, 79.17%), followed by αNG1 (55.34% and 60.42%), and αNG3(43.21%, 52.08%). Fluorescent imaging confirmed αNG2's higher drug deposition within the epidermis/dermis, while PAS staining showed a potent fungal clearance with αNG2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that Carbomer 940 proportions significantly impact the transdermal performance of αNG. αNG2, with a moderate proportion, optimally enhances skin drug delivery and deposition, achieving superior therapeutic outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing thickening agent proportions to improve the efficacy of topical nanoemulsion gels.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"807-826"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusidic Acid and Lidocaine-Loaded Electrospun Nanofibers as a Dressing for Accelerated Healing of Infected Wounds.","authors":"Khulud A Alsulami, Abrar A Bakr, Alaa Sirwi, Mahmoud A Elfaky, Rasheed A Shaik, Bayan Y Alshehri, Alhassan H Aodah, Nojoud Al Fayez, Abdullah A Alshehri, Fahad A Almughem, Abdulrahman A Halwani, Essam A Tawfik","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S467469","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S467469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Wound treatment is a significant health burden in any healthcare system, which requires proper management to minimize pain and prevent bacterial infections that can complicate the wound healing process.</p><p><strong>Rationale: </strong>There is a need to develop innovative therapies to accelerate wound healing cost-effectively. Herein, two polymer-based nanofibrous systems were developed using poly-lactic-co-glycolic-acid (PLGA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) loaded with a combination of an antibiotic (Fusidic acid, FA) and a local anesthetic (Lidocaine, LDC) via electrospinning technique for an expedited healing process by preventing bacterial infections while reducing the pain sensation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fabricated nanofibers showed an excellent morphology with an average fiber diameter of 556 ± 71 nm and 291 ± 87 nm for the dual drug-loaded PLGA/PVP and PVP nanofibers, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and drug loading (DL) studies revealed that PLGA/PVP loaded with FA and LDC exhibited EE% of 92% and 75%, respectively, while the DL was measured at 40 ± 8 µg/mg for FA and 32 ± 7 µg/mg for LDC. Furthermore, both drugs were fully released from the nanofibers within 48 hours. In contrast, FA/LDC-loaded PVP nanofibers exhibited EE% of 100% for FA and 84% for LDC; DL was measured at 85 ± 3 µg/mg for FA and 70 ± 3 µg/mg for LDC, while both drugs were completely released within 24 hours. The in vitro cytotoxicity study demonstrated a safe concentration of FA and LDC at ≤ 125 μg/mL. The prepared nanofibers were tested in vivo in an <i>S. aureus</i>-infected wound mice model to assess their efficacy, and the results showed that the FA/LDC-PVP had a faster wound closure and the lowest bacterial counts compared to other groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings showed the potential application of the fabricated dual drug-loaded nanofibers as a wound-healing plaster against infected acute wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"849-869"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11760276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}