International Journal of Nanomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Camellia Sinensis Extracts Embedded in Semipermeable Nanocapsules as Active Ingredient for Dental Adhesives: Biomaterial Synthesis and Effect on the Bond to Human Dentin.","authors":"Paul Richter-Mendau, Marioara Moldovan, Adrian Cernescu, Codruta Sarosi, Nicoleta Ilie","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S525646","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S525646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to synthesize bioactive dental adhesives using Camellia sinensis (green tea) extracts (GTE) incorporated into innovative semipermeable nanocapsules as active ingredient to stabilize the bond to human dentin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nanocapsules and all components of the experimental adhesives were synthesized individually, and the success of the synthesis was verified. Experimental adhesives with varying GTE levels and the current gold-standard adhesive were tested for shear bond strength (SBS) after 24-hours and 6-month aging. Bond morphology was characterized by SEM, nano-IR imaging, and fractography. The composition of the nanocapsules was evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid-chromatography. Phenol release was evaluated using spectrophotometry. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Games-Howell, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney-U, multiple <i>t</i>-tests, and Weibull analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incorporation and release of polyphenols from the experimental adhesives is confirmed. A similar or slightly higher SBS was measured in the control adhesive. Aging does not have a significant impact on SBS, but the bonding reliability of the experimental adhesives remained stable over time, while the reliability of the gold-standard adhesive experienced a decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integration of GTE-nanocapsules into an experimental adhesive proved to be a promising concept for maintaining bond strength and reliability during aging. In addition, the used combination of vibrational spectroscopy and high spatial resolution of atomic force microscopy proved to be helpful in closing a nano-analytical diagnostic gap in the molecular spectroscopy of dental nanomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"9369-9387"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144742092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms and Nanomedicine Interventions of Acute Lung Injury Induced by Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion: A Mini Review.","authors":"Guangyao Li, Binghui Jin, Jialin Zhou, Tao Sun, Shuang Wang, Zhe Fan","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S533797","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S533797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (II/R) injury is a common perioperative complication that occurs during severe infections, trauma, and multiple surgical procedures. II/R not only leads to localized intestinal damage but also disrupts the intestinal mucosal barrier, inducing systemic inflammatory responses and multi-organ failure, especially acute lung injury (ALI). The mechanisms are complex, involving multiple pathological processes such as oxidative stress, systemic inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. During II/R, the large amount of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factors produced rapidly activates immune cells and destroys the alveolar barrier, leading to pulmonary edema and hypoxemia, and in severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) may develop, ultimately causing respiratory failure. Current treatments include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic drugs, as well as surgical interventions and traditional Chinese medicine. However, these methods have high drug toxicity and limited efficacy. With the development of nanomedicine, new strategies have emerged for the treatment of II/R-ALI. Nanomedicines, owing to their excellent bioavailability and targeting capabilities, can significantly enhance therapeutic outcomes and reduce side effects. This review summarizes the major mechanisms underlying II/R-ALI and discusses recent advances in the application of nanomaterials for its treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"9347-9367"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144742093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Photothermal Therapy Using Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with Hyaluronic Acid in an Intracranial Murine Glioblastoma Model.","authors":"Javier Domingo-Diez, Alice Foti, Óscar Casanova-Carvajal, Lorena Marrodán, Noelia Granado, Cristina Satriano, Ricardo Martínez-Murillo, José-Javier Serrano-Olmedo, Milagros Ramos-Gómez","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S525462","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S525462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Conventional treatments for GBM include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination of these. However, emerging therapies, such as hyperthermia treatments, are being developed. One of these new therapies is nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT), a non-invasive treatment that converts light into heat using photoagents such as plasmonic nanoparticles. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) has been described as a potential inhibitor of tumor progression and exhibits a high affinity for the CD44 receptor, which is present in GBM cells. The in vivo efficacy of gold nanorods (GNRs) biofunctionalized with HA-700kDa in PTT has been evaluated in a murine GBM model.</p><p><strong>Animals and methods: </strong>Adult male C57/BL-6 mice (N=15), 3-8-month-old, were used for PTT experiments. CT2A cells were injected into the mouse brain to establish a GBM model. Tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into three groups: Control (untreated, n=5), GNRs (injected with GNRs, n=5) and PTT-treated (injected with GNRs and treated with laser, n=5). After GNR injection, mice were irradiated with a laser at 0.98 A (250mW) for 25 min over three consecutive days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As observed in the analysis of tumor sizes from all MR images, animals treated with a laser following GNR injection exhibited significantly smaller tumor sizes compared to control and GNR-treated animals one week after the treatment. In addition, PTT treatment led to a notable improvement in the exploratory behavior of the treated animals and an increase in their life expectancy compared to untreated control mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the efficacy of GNR-based-PTT, applied to an orthotopic tumor model, using GNRs biofunctionalized with HA to target GBM CT2A cells. The treatment resulted in a reduction in tumor mass and an extension of life expectancy in GNR-PTT treated mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"9327-9346"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12307547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pleiotropic Multi-Drug Co-Assembled Nanocomposites Offer Protection Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity.","authors":"Dan Yin, Can Li, Jiajin Li, Jieying Zeng, Mengjie Jia, Wenjing Yuan, Lingjuan Liu, Yi Tang, Yi Wang, Jie Tian","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S528349","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S528349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Doxorubicin (DOX) is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent, yet its clinical utility is limited by doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC), a dose-dependent side effect. Current drug delivery strategies fail to prevent off-target accumulation of DOX in cardiac tissue, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches that protect the heart without compromising antitumor efficacy through targeted cardioprotection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a multifunctional self-assembled nanoplatform (PGPP/NPs) via co-assembly of ginsenoside Rb1, probucol (PB), and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) inhibitor (PI), with surface modification using PCM peptide for cardiomyocyte-targeted delivery. In vitro and in vivo models of DIC were used to evaluate targeting specificity and therapeutic efficacy. Mechanistic investigations included ROS detection (DCFH-DA assay), inflammatory phenotype analysis (immunohistochemistry for CD68 and CD206), and autophagy flux assessment (immunofluorescence for LC3-II).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PGPP/NPs demonstrated selective accumulation in cardiomyocytes compared to non-targeted GPP/NPs (p<0.05). This nanocomposite significantly alleviated DIC through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and autophagy-promoting mechanisms. Notably, it reduced DIC severity while preserving the antitumor efficacy of DOX.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This novel therapeutic strategy shows great promise for mitigating chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and may be extended to other chemotherapeutic agents with cardiac side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"9311-9326"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hsa-miRNA-16-5p Of Urinary Exosomes A Reliable Biosignature Effective For Prostate Cancer Screening.","authors":"Wen-Hui Weng, Yueh-Er Chiou, Wen-Zhen Zeng, Ming-Hui Chen, See-Tong Pang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S503954","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S503954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules critical for cellular function, growth, and development. Recent advances in remote diagnostic technologies have highlighted the potential of urinary miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for disease monitoring. This study introduces a simple, rapid, and cost-effective reagent for exosomal miRNA extraction, designed for urine-based exosome screening. We further identified hsa-miR-16-5p (miR-16) as a promising diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa), with the goal of integrating this method with biosensors to enable rapid result acquisition and support early cancer detection and treatment planning.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The extraction reagent was formulated using polyethylene glycol (PEG), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), differing from commercial kits. miRNAs were extracted and validated through RT-qPCR, focusing on miR-16 and the reference control miR-21. Results were compared against commercial kits. A cohort of 39 clinical samples-28 PCa patients, 1 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) case, and 10 healthy controls (Ctr)-was analyzed. Statistical evaluations included <i>T</i>-tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to assess the diagnostic value of miR-16.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>miR-16 expression significantly differed across PCa stages and between cancerous and non-cancerous individuals (Ctr vs Stage IV: <i>p</i> < 0.05; Stage II vs III: <i>p</i> < 0.05; Stage II vs IV: <i>p</i> < 0.005; Stage III vs IV: <i>p</i> < 0.05). ROC analysis confirmed miR-16's diagnostic potential, particularly in detecting mid-stage PCa.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed extraction method matches commercial kits in performance but offers notable advantages: a simplified five-step process, reduced extraction time (1.08 hours), and low cost ($0.13/test). These findings support the use of urinary miR-16 as a biomarker for PCa staging and highlight the practical value of the newly developed extraction reagent.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"9291-9300"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Nanopeptide Assemblies for Trans-Tympanic Drug Delivery.","authors":"Evan A Patel, Swapnil V Shah, Trevor A Poulson, H Christopher Fry, Ashok A Jagasia","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S507576","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S507576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Otitis media is a common otolaryngologic diagnosis worldwide. Invasive methods to curtail and treat frequent occurrences are undesirable, thus necessitating the identification and production of a non-invasive approach to treating the disease. Due to tympanic membrane thickness, ototopical drug delivery is challenging. In this preliminary study, formulations integrating nanopeptides and thermoresponsive polymeric hydrogels are utilized to improve the efficiency of trans-tympanic membrane drug delivery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peptides were synthesized using standard Fmoc (fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl protecting group) based solid state peptide synthesis on an automated peptide synthesizer. Ciprofloxacin release was simulated using multiwell microplates with porous inserts. Rate of Ciprofloxacin release was measured over a 48-hour period using a 200 uL solution of peptide fibers and Ciprofloxacin at 1 wt% each, and the labeled peptide at 0.1 wt% in PBS at pH of 7.4. The cytotoxicity of the PA (peptide amphiphile, specifically c16-AHL₃K₃-CO₂H) micelle and fiber with and without ciprofloxacin was investigated by examining epidermal keratinocyte viability in the presence of the material at various concentrations. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was performed with excitation of the calcein dye at 485 nm and the PA-TAMRA (rhodamine labeled peptide) at 515 nm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have demonstrated the potential viability of a self-assembled peptide amphiphile hydrogel capable of transitioning from a network of 1D nanoscale fibers to 0D micelles. This dissociative mechanism of action yields a peptide that is an effective cell penetrating peptide (CPP) while temporally controlling the release of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work highlights the potential utility of the dynamic process of an engineered peptide hydrogel capable of dissociating into CPPs capable of facilitating drug delivery across the tympanic membrane.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"9301-9310"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids Inhibit Oxidative Stress and Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity.","authors":"Haizhou Pan, Qianxi Ye, Yifan Li, Liang Ma, Yiming Ni","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S529346","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S529346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is a major clinical limitation of doxorubicin therapy, driven by mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), as novel 3D DNA nanostructures, exhibit antioxidative and anti-apoptotic properties, suggesting therapeutic potential for DIC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The therapeutic efficacy of tFNAs was evaluated through in vivo (mouse model) and in vitro (cardiac cell lines) experiments. Apoptotic pathways were analyzed via AKT/p53 signaling inhibition assays, while cardiac function was assessed by histological examination and biochemical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro results demonstrated that tFNAs significantly attenuated DIC by suppressing AKT/p53-mediated apoptosis. In vivo studies confirmed functional improvement in cardiac tissue, validated by reduced biomarkers of cardiotoxicity and enhanced histological integrity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>tFNAs effectively mitigated DIC pathogenesis through dual mechanisms of mitochondrial protection and apoptosis inhibition. These findings position tFNAs as a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical DIC management, warranting further translational studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"9275-9289"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12292367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Dynamic Covalent Bond-Based Nanoassembly of Curcumin to Enhance the Selective Photothermal Therapy for Tumor Treatment [Corrigendum].","authors":"","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S554132","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S554132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S512590.].</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"9219-9220"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12296627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomedicine-Based Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases.","authors":"Xin Lin, Yali Zhou, Kangjia Lv, Wenjie Wu, Chong Chen","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S532074","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S532074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ocular diseases affect over 2.2 billion people globally, imposing a significant socioeconomic burden, with annual productivity losses estimated at US$411 billion. Conventional drug delivery methods-topical, local injection, and systemic administration-face challenges such as low bioavailability (<5%), rapid clearance, and physiological barriers like the cornea and blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Nanomedicine offers promising solutions by enhancing drug bioavailability, prolonging release, and enabling targeted delivery. This review explores nanomedicine-based ophthalmic drug delivery systems, including organic nanomaterials (eg, liposomes, polymer micelles, dendrimers), inorganic nanomaterials (eg, metal nanoparticles, quantum dots), and biological components (eg, exosomes). These systems improve drug penetration, reduce administration frequency, and minimize toxicity, addressing conditions like dry eye disease, keratitis, glaucoma, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and retinal vascular occlusion (RVO). For instance, Ocular Therapeutix (OTX)-TP, a sustained-release intracanalicular implant combining poly (ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel with travoprost-loaded poly (lactic acid) microspheres, has shown therapeutic efficacy lasting up to three months in the management of glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Phase III clinical trial. Additionally, a liposomal formulation of verteporfin, approved for the treatment of neovascular AMD, administered intravenously and activated by laser photodynamic therapy, demonstrates a durable response, with a marked reduction in treatment frequency from an average of 3.5 sessions in the first year to only 0.1 by the fifth year post-diagnosis. Despite these advantages, challenges such as manufacturing costs, potential toxicity, and limited clinical translation persist. Future advancements in nanomedicine hold potential for personalized, non-invasive ocular therapies, revolutionizing ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"9221-9249"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12292370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology in Orthopedic Care: Advances in Drug Delivery, Implants, and Biocompatibility Considerations.","authors":"Linying Xia, Chao Zhou, Qingping Li, Lu Liu, Chanyi Jiang, Haidong Dai, Hengjian Zhang, Jiayi Zhao, Wenqing Liang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S523462","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S523462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanotechnology has profoundly transformed medical science, with orthopedics experiencing significant advancements in diagnostic techniques, drug delivery systems, and tissue regeneration. The complex nature of orthopedic tissues presents substantial challenges for conventional therapeutic interventions, but the development of nanomaterials with specialized chemical, physical, and biological properties has facilitated the creation of novel treatment modalities. Nanotechnology has significantly advanced orthopedic care by enabling targeted drug delivery, enhanced implant performance, and improved diagnostic tools. This review uniquely integrates recent breakthroughs in biocompatible nanomaterials, focusing on their clinical translation and regulatory challenges. It highlights the complexity of orthopedic tissues and the limitations of conventional therapies, emphasizing how nanomaterials address these through controlled drug release, and improved tissue regeneration. Key sections address advancements in drug delivery systems, innovative implant technologies, toxicity issues, and biocompatibility considerations. It also explores the existing regulatory landscape, challenges in clinical approval, and future directions for the successful translation of nanotechnologies in orthopedic care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"9251-9274"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144730351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}