International Journal of Nanomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Periodontitis: Antibacterial, Immunomodulatory, and Regenerative Strategies.","authors":"Liyan Wang, Yanwei Chen, Lu Li, Deshi Dong","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S630550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S630550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and has become a serious public health issue. Antibacterial treatment and mechanical debridement are the main treatment strategies for periodontitis. However, side effects and bacterial resistance might lead to treatment failure. Nanotechnology systems have new opportunities for the management of periodontitis. With benefits including superior targeting and fewer side effects, drug delivery systems constructed with nanoparticles (NPs) may provide local, delayed, and regulated drug release. When combined with immunomodulatory therapy, tissue regeneration, and antibacterial therapy, a high drug loading capacity of individual medications or therapeutic combinations is made possible by the large surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles, providing synergistic beneficial effects. This paper reviews the progress in the research and application of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems in the treatment of periodontitis. We focused on the pathophysiology of periodontitis, introduced the rational design of nano-drug delivery systems, and concentrated on the local approaches to treatment for periodontitis. Furthermore, the future challenges and research prospects for nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems in the treatment of periodontitis are also covered in this paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"630550"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depletion of Soluble PD-L1 with Engineered Nanoparticles Promotes Antitumor Immunity and Tumor Control.","authors":"Michelle A Hsu, Jacob B Hirdler, Roxane Lavoie, Jacob J Orme, Louis Hawthorne, Curtis L Ruegg, John Dodgson, Haidong Dong, Sean S Park, Fabrice Lucien","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S607073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S607073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) and Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint blockade has led to improvements in clinical outcomes for various advanced cancers. However, response rates remain low, and most patients present with intrinsic resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Circulating soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) has emerged as a driver of resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Elevated levels of sPD-L1 can be detected in peripheral blood in patients with cancer and are associated with poor prognosis and resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, highlighting the need to find strategies to remove sPD-L1 from circulation. Here, we evaluated the efficacy and immunological responses of using NaNots^®A, a type of engineered nanoparticle that has been designed to capture sPD-L1, as a therapeutic agent to treat cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Different biological samples containing sPD-L1 were tested pre- and post-treatment to determine the capturing efficiency of NaNots. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of NaNots in vivo, a humanized PD-L1 mouse model was used with an sPD-L1 secreting tumor model to assess tumor growth and to immunophenotype antitumor responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NaNot treatment successfully depleted sPD-L1 from multiple sources, including patient and mouse plasma. NaNot treatment resulted in substantial tumor growth delay and increased proportions of effector CD8 T cells, concurrent with decreased immunosuppressive regulatory T cells, in tumor and spleen tissues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, this preclinical work demonstrates that selective capture of sPD-L1 in vivo with a novel nanotherapeutic platform can reduce immune suppression concurrent with greater immune activation, thereby enabling tumor growth control.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"607073"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress on Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive siRNA Nanocarriers: Design Strategies, Delivery Efficiency, and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Xiaoxi Zhu, Gong Zhang, Lin Li, Puguang Yu, Peng Su, Hongyuan Liang, Dan Dong, Dongyan Liu, Kefeng Wang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S616904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S616904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Small interfering RNA (siRNA), a class of small regulatory RNAs that recognize and degrade complementary target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in a sequence-specific manner at the post-transcriptional level, plays a critical role in regulating gene expression. However, the in vivo delivery of siRNA remains a formidable challenge due to its poor physiological stability, susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, inability to efficiently cross cellular membranes, non-specific off-target effects, and immunostimulation. Overcoming these barriers and enhancing the gene silencing efficiency of siRNA in target cells is essential for the clinical translation of RNAi technology. In recent years, tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive nanocarriers have attracted considerable attention as a strategy to improve siRNA stability, enhance its enrichment and penetration at tumor sites, facilitate cellular uptake, and promote efficient gene silencing. This review comprehensively summarized the design principles and functional characteristics of TME-responsive siRNA delivery nanocarriers, with a focus on five major stimuli: pH, hypoxia, enzymes, glutathione (GSH), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We critically analyze the advantages and limitations of existing nanocarrier systems, provide comparative insights through summary tables, and discuss future directions including multi-stimuli-responsive systems, combination therapies, and clinical translation challenges. This review aims to provide a systematic framework for understanding and advancing TME-responsive siRNA nanocarriers for tumor therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"616904"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13546063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Neuromodulation Using PC-CNTs and NIR Photothermal Therapy for Preventing Ventricular Arrhythmias.","authors":"Saiting Xu, Nan Zhang, Tianyou Xu, Qiang Deng, Disha Dai, Xujun Li, Liping Zhou, Xiaoya Zhou","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S632143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S632143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiac sympathetic hyperactivation of the left stellate ganglion (LSG) critically promotes ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) following myocardial infarction (MI). Although neuromodulatory strategies targeting sympathetic activity have shown therapeutic potential, current strategies are limited by invasiveness, incomplete targeting and transient efficacy. Therefore, safe and precise approaches for modulating LSG activity are needed. This study aimed to investigate the enhanced neuromodulatory effects of phospholipid-coated carbon nanotubes (PC-CNTs) combined with near-infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy on the LSG for preventing post-MI VAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PC-CNTs were synthesized and characterized, followed by evaluation of their photothermal properties and in vitro/in vivo biocompatibility. In a canine MI model induced by left anterior descending artery occlusion (n = 18), animals were randomly assigned to PBS, PC-CNTs and PC-CNTs + NIR groups. PBS or PC-CNTs (30 μg mL^-1, 0.1 mL) were locally microinjected into the LSG, and animals in the PC-CNTs + NIR group subsequently received 808 nm NIR laser irradiation (1.0 W cm^-2 for 5 min). LSG neural activity, heart rate variability (HRV), ventricular effective refractory period (ERP) and VA incidence were assessed. Transcriptomic profiling of LSG tissue and molecular analysis of peri-ganglionic adipose tissue were performed to evaluate therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PC-CNTs exhibited excellent photothermal conversion efficiency and favorable biocompatibility. In vivo, PC-CNTs treatment suppressed MI-induced LSG hyperactivity, improved cardiac autonomic balance, enhanced ventricular electrophysiological stability and reduced VA susceptibility compared with the PBS group. The addition of NIR photothermal therapy further enhanced these protective effects, resulting in further suppression of sympathetic activation and reduction of post-MI arrhythmias. Molecular analyses suggested that combined PC-CNTs and NIR treatment modulated the LSG microenvironment, as evidenced by reduced expression of inflammation-related genes (CXCL14, CSF3, TIMP1 and CRLF1), indicating attenuation of neuroinflammatory signaling. Additionally, NIR-induced local hyperthermia was associated with thermogenic browning of peri-ganglionic white adipose tissue, characterized by increased expression of thermogenic markers and reduced adipocyte size. These changes may contribute to reduced sympathetic hyperactivity and decreased arrhythmia susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of PC-CNTs and NIR photothermal therapy provides enhanced anti-arrhythmic effects associated with suppression of LSG hyperactivity and modulation of neuroinflammatory signaling and peri-ganglionic adipose browning, representing a promising preclinical strategy for preventing VAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"632143"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-Engineered Dressings for Infected Diabetic Wounds: Synergy of Catalysis, Delivery, and Fluid Management.","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhang, Ziwen Zhang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S627929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S627929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic chronic wounds have emerged as a major global public health challenge due to a self-perpetuating vicious cycle driven by interconnected pathological factors. Conventional treatment strategies, such as surgical debridement and standard dressings, often fail to effectively penetrate the biofilm barrier or simultaneously modulate the complex wound microenvironment, resulting in limited therapeutic efficacy and an increased risk of drug resistance. The advent of nanotechnology offers a revolutionary tool to address this dilemma. Leveraging their unique size effects, facile functionalization, and stimuli-responsive properties, nanomaterials can be engineered into multifunctional platforms for the active modulation of the wound microenvironment. This review systematically summarizes three cutting-edge strategies for nano-based wound dressings in the management of diabetic wound infections, including nanozyme catalytic therapy, nano-microneedle synergistic delivery systems, and Janus-structured intelligent fluid management, aiming to elucidate the mechanisms of action, synergistic rationale, and clinical translational prospects of these strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"627929"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic Carriers for Tumor-Targeted Therapy: Applications and Challenges.","authors":"Jingyi Hao, Jialin Li, Hang Zhu, Ziyi Wang, Wenhe Zhu, Hao Wu, Yawei Li","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S636168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S636168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer poses an escalating threat to global public health, characterized by continuous rises in both incidence and mortality. While conventional tumor interventions including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have made considerable progress, their clinical efficacy is severely constrained by systemic toxic side effects, inadequate targeting precision and frequent severe postoperative and treatment-related sequelae. Nanodrug delivery systems have evolved as a viable therapeutic alternative to optimize tumor targeting and minimize systemic toxicity. However, conventional nanocarriers suffer from rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system, and the intricate, heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) further impairs effective intratumoral drug penetration and uniform distribution. As an emerging class of living delivery vectors, probiotics have recently gained extensive research attention by virtue of their intrinsic tumor tropism, unique capacity to adapt to and remodel the TME, and excellent synergistic compatibility with multiple therapeutic regimens. This review systematically elaborates the biological mechanisms governing the tumor-targeted accumulation and TME-responsive properties of probiotics, summarizes core strategies for probiotic genetic modification and hybrid system construction, and compares the strengths and applicable scenarios of diverse probiotic chassis strains. We further discuss the synergistic potential of probiotic-based platforms combined with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and physical therapy. Finally, this article underscores the key bottlenecks and future research directions for the clinical translation of probiotic-based antitumor therapeutics, aiming to provide rigorous theoretical support for their broader clinical application in cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"636168"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin-Loaded Cellulose Nanofibers for Breast Cancer Therapy: A Multiscale Computational and Experimental Evaluation.","authors":"Ayla Esmaeilzadeh, Maryam Azimzadeh Irani, Sepideh Asadi, Naser Farrokhi, Mehdi Jahanfar","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S631565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S631565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Efficient nanocarrier design for tumour targeting requires understanding drug binding, release, and membrane interactions. This study presents the first all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of curcumin-loaded cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) interacting with healthy and breast cancer cell membranes, supported by experimental evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Simulations were performed on curcumin-loaded cylindrical and planar CNFs docked onto modelled healthy and breast cancer-mimicking lipid bilayers, followed by assessing binding energetics, structural stability, solvent exposure, and molecular mobility. Experimentally, free and curcumin-loaded CNFs were fabricated, characterized, and evaluated for encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release, and cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Computational results showed that both arrangements interacted more favourably with cancer membranes than healthy models. In cylindrical systems, curcumin exhibited reduced mobility, increased localization, and partial penetration into cancer membranes, whereas planar systems favoured continued drug association with the nanocarrier and stronger membrane interaction. According to the experimental results, uniform CNFs achieved 82% encapsulation efficiency and showed biphasic release behaviour. Blank CNFs were biocompatible, while curcumin-loaded CNFs induced concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings highlight the importance of membrane composition and nanofiber arrangement in regulating drug release and therapeutic performance, providing insights for rational nanocarrier design in cancer drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"631565"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanogel-Based Precision Bone Regeneration: Rational Design, Biological Barrier Penetration, and Osteoporotic Microenvironment Remodeling.","authors":"Xiaochen Li, Zhimin Wang, Yiran Chen, Yanling Ren, Xiuzhi Feng","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S631705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S631705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is primarily associated with impaired communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, leading to disrupted bone homeostasis. Conventional biomaterials mainly rely on macroscopic structural support and are limited in their ability to precisely regulate the complex bone microenvironment and overcome biological barriers. As representative soft matter nanoplatforms, nanogels possess unique viscoelastic mechanical properties and adaptive biointerfacial properties, offering new opportunities to overcome physical barriers within bone tissues. Moving beyond previous studies that primarily focused on the passive structural support provided by macroscopic hydrogels, this review presents a micro-nano-bio interfacial perspective to systematically elucidate the roles of nanogels in precision therapy for bone disorders. Considering the spatial constraints of the lacunar-canalicular system (LCS), with canalicular diameters of approximately 100-300 nm, we highlight how the stress relaxation behavior and deformation modulus of nanogels jointly determine their migration and penetration efficiency within confined spaces. Furthermore, nanogels can function as dynamic biomimetic systems that sense alterations in the bone microenvironment and actively regulate immune and metabolic homeostasis within bone tissue. This review summarizes engineering strategies for nanogel development, including optimization of network architectures, hierarchical surface targeting, and multi-responsive drug release mechanisms. In addition, the effects of protein corona formation and biological barriers on the in vivo fate and therapeutic performance of nanogels are critically discussed. Finally, from a translational perspective, we evaluate the therapeutic potential and key challenges of nanogels in precision bone regeneration and propose design principles for next-generation bone-targeted nanomedicines based on mechanical adaptation, biointerface engineering, and intelligent responsiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"631705"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Drug Delivery Systems Utilizing Glycyrrhizic Acid and Its Aglycone Glycyrrhetinic Acid in Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Shanshan Liu, Dongyan Guo, Huan Tian, Jiangxue Cheng, Yajun Shi, Xiaofei Zhang, Junbo Zou, Bingtao Zhai","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S622306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S622306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) exhibit antitumor activity, favorable biocompatibility, receptor-targeting capabilities, and amphiphilicity. These properties make them promising multifunctional components for developing antitumor drug delivery systems. Unlike previous reviews that focus on individual applications, this review systematically categorizes GL/GA according to their three functional roles. First, as therapeutic agents, GL/GA can be incorporated into passively targeted, actively targeted, and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers. They can be combined with chemotherapeutic drugs, such as cisplatin and paclitaxel, to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce systemic toxicity. Second, as targeting ligands, GL/GA can be conjugated to the surfaces of nanocarriers to enable receptor-mediated tumor delivery. Finally, as self-assembling materials, GL/GA can co-assemble with other drugs to form carrier-free nanostructures. Alternatively, they can serve as building blocks for polymeric carriers. These strategies enable drug-carrier integration, simplify formulation processes, and enhance synergistic antitumor effects. Furthermore, this review analyzes the key challenges in the clinical translation of these formulations. These challenges include the complexity of large-scale production, insufficient in vivo stability, a lack of long-term safety data, and inconsistencies in quality evaluation systems. Future translational prospects are also outlined to guide the rational design and clinical development of natural product-based nanomedicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"622306"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Nanomedicine and Nano-Enabled Biomaterials After Glioblastoma Resection.","authors":"Qiuli Ming, Ze Li, Linpeng Fu, Jingshuang Yang, Yilin Lv, Bingqian Chen, Zhaofeng Lu","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S632704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S632704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite maximal safe resection and chemoradiotherapy, glioblastoma almost invariably recurs near the resection margin. Incomplete tumor removal is only one contributor; infiltrative residual cells, resistant stem-like states, wound-healing responses, local immunosuppression, and limited drug access also promote regrowth. This review examines stand-alone nanocarriers and nano-enabled composites in which nanoscale components are incorporated into hydrogels, scaffolds, or implants at the postoperative cavity-margin interface. Biomaterials lacking a functional nanoscale component are included only as design or procedural comparators. Postoperative resection models are distinguished from intratumoral, unresected orthotopic, ex vivo, and in vitro studies, which provide indirect support. Most evidence of efficacy remains preclinical, whereas human studies mainly address feasibility, safety, pharmacodynamic activity, or workflow precedent. Translation depends on reproducible retention, margin coverage, biologically matched release, brain safety, scalable manufacturing, and neurosurgical compatibility. Local nanomedicine thus remains a conditional postoperative strategy whose clinical value has yet to be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"632704"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13544365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}