International Journal of Nanomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Injured Cardiac Tissue-Targeted Delivery of TGFβ1 siRNA by FAP Aptamer-Functionalized Extracellular Vesicles Promotes Cardiac Repair.","authors":"Ji-Young Kang, Dasom Mun, Malgeum Park, Gyeongseo Yoo, Hyoeun Kim, Nuri Yun, Boyoung Joung","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S497428","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S497428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Small-interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy holds significant potential for treating cardiac injury; however, its clinical application is constrained by poor blood stability and insufficient cellular uptake. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as an effective delivery system for siRNA in vivo; but their lack of specific cell or tissue-targeting ability remains a major challenge. Thus, we aimed to develop an EV-based delivery system capable of targeted delivery of therapeutic siRNA to injured cardiac tissue for cardiac repair.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To identify fibroblast activation protein (FAP) as a potential target for delivery to injured cardiac tissue, we analyzed cardiac tissues from patients with heart failure and angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated mice. Injured cardiac tissue-targeting EVs were developed by embedding a cholesterol-conjugated FAP aptamer, which specifically targets FAP, onto human serum-derived EVs (hEV).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed that FAP is upregulated after cardiac injury, highlighting its potential as a target for siRNA delivery to injured cardiac tissues. We successfully developed FAP aptamer-functionalized hEV (hEV@FAP) and confirmed their typical EV characteristics, including morphology, size distribution, zeta potential, and marker protein expression. In addition, hEV@FAP demonstrated high targeting selectivity to FAP-positive regions both in vitro and in vivo. To treat cardiac injury, hEV@FAP were loaded with TGFβ1 siRNA (siTGFβ1), identified as a molecular target for cardiac repair. In Ang II-treated mice, intravenous administration of hEV@FAP-siTGFβ1 effectively reduced Ang II-induced TGFβ1 expression in cardiac tissues, attributed to the protective and targeting capabilities of hEV@FAP. Consequently, hEV@FAP-siTGFβ1 significantly improved cardiac function, reduced myocardial fibrosis, and decreased cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area (<i>P</i> < 0.05) without inducing systemic toxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>hEV@FAP represents a novel approach for targeted delivery of therapeutic siRNA to injured cardiac tissues, providing a promising nanomedicine for cardiac repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"2575-2592"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881639/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Luteolin Nanosuspensions on Pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin: Drug-Drug Interactions Using Rat Models.","authors":"You Liang, Bo Sun, Min Yang, Xiaona Meng, Meng Wang, Lijuan Yang, Bandar Ai-Hamyari, Yuqian Zhang, Yutong Shen, Shengnan Meng","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S492141","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S492141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The co-administration of luteolin (LUT) and atorvastatin (ATV) may drive synergetic effects on against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This study aims to explore the pharmacokinetic (PK) drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of LUT toward ATV and the influencing mechanisms involving CYP450s and OATPs, and using the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models extrapolated to humans to optimize the DDIs dosage regimens for subsequent research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Luteolin nanosuspensions lyophilized powder (LUT-NS-LP) were prepared for improving LUT's solubility and bioavailability, the effects of both LUT on the ATV CYP450s enzyme kinetics and LUT-NS-LP/LUT on the PK behavior of ATV in rats were further studied by UPLC. The DDI PBPK model of ATV and LUT-NS-LP was established with the hepatic CYP450s, OATPs, and enterohepatic circulation, and extrapolated to humans through a physiological allometric scaling process with parameter optimization and verified using clinical datasets obtained from various dosage regimens.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LUT inhibited ATV as the non-competitive form in rat liver microsomes (RLMs). The <i>C</i> _max and AUC _(0-t) of ATV in the group receiving combined administration of LUT and LUT-NS-LP increased by 1.87-fold and 2.29-fold, 5.42-fold and 10.35-fold, respectively. The constructed PBPK models successfully predicted the PK DDIs between ATV and LUT in rats, demonstrating excellent performance. LUT might inhibit the hepatic CYP450s and OATPs activities to influence the PK behavior of ATV. The extrapolated human model could adequately describe and predict the systemic exposure of ATV in DDIs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LUT nanosuspensions could significantly increase systemic exposure to ATV by inhibiting CYP450s and OATPs activities. The combined application strategy is suggested to run ATV in half of the highest dosage by guidelines. This study offers a valuable experimental foundation for the combined administration of statins with natural drugs and their nanoformulations, providing significant insights into the investigation of underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"2557-2573"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety, Efficacy and Bio-Distribution Analysis of Exosomes Derived From Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Effective Treatment of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia by Intranasal Administration in Mice Model.","authors":"Wanting Xu, Xiaolin Jieda, Yue Wu, Fengling Du, Lu Ma, Lijuan Luo, Dong Liu, Ling Guo, Jing Liu, Wenbin Dong","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S501843","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S501843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exosomes (Exos) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) hold great potential for treating bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); however, safety concerns and effects of intranasal administration remain unexplored. This study aimed to explore the safety of hUC-MSCs and Exos and to investigate the efficacy and bio-distribution of repeated intranasal Exos administration in neonatal BPD models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Characteristics of hUC-MSCs and Exos were analyzed. A subcutaneous tumor formation assay using a single dose of hUC-MSCs or Exos was conducted in Crl:NU-Foxn1nu mice. Vital signs, biochemical indices, pathological alterations, and ¹⁸F-FDG microPET/CT analysis were examined. Pulmonary pathology, three-dimensional reconstructions, ultrastructural structures, in vivo and ex vivo bio-distribution imaging analyses, enzyme-linked immunoassay assays, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses of lung tissues were all documented following intranasal Exos administration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Characteristics of hUC-MSCs and Exos satisfied specifications. Crl:NU-Foxn1nu mice did not exhibit overt toxicity or carcinogenicity following a single dose of hUC-MSCs or Exos after 60 days of observation. Repeated intranasal Exos administration effectively alleviated pathological injuries, restored pulmonary ventilation in three-dimensional reconstruction, and recovered endothelial cell layer integrity in ultrastructural analysis. Exos steadily accumulated in lung tissues from postnatal day 1 to 14. Exos also interrupted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation reactions in BPD models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As a nanoscale, non-cellular therapy, intranasal administration of Exos was an effective, noninvasive treatment for BPD. This approach was free from toxic, tumorigenic risks and repaired alveolar damage while interrupting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation in neonatal mice with BPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"2521-2553"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized With 5-Amino-2-Mercaptobenzimidazole: A Promising Antimicrobial Strategy Against Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.","authors":"Jia Zhang, Xiaotuan Zhang, Zhuocheng Yao, Juan Pan, Jianzhong Ye, Ping Xia, Tieli Zhou, Jianming Cao","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S502139","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S502139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) pose a significant threat to public health and require immediate attention. The development of novel antibacterial agents against CR-GNB has become an urgent priority, and nanomaterials offer promising solutions due to their unique properties. This study introduces 5-amino-2-mercaptobenzimidazole (5-A-2MBI) functionalized gold nanoparticles (5-A-2MBI_Au NPs) and evaluates their antibacterial activity against CR-GNB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 5-A-2MBI_Au NPs was synthesized using a one-pot method. Its biocompatibility, bactericidal properties, and mechanisms of action were systematically characterized through in vivo and in vitro toxicity tests, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, live/dead staining, membrane permeability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assays, as well as transcriptomic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of this study demonstrate that 5-A-2MBI_Au NPs exhibit excellent antibacterial efficacy against carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria with various resistance mechanisms, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/mL. In vivo experiments further confirmed that 5-A-2MBI_Au NPs not only possess effective bactericidal activity but also exhibit satisfactory biocompatibility. Mechanistic studies revealed that 5-A-2MBI_Au NPs enhance bacterial membrane permeability, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species, and disrupt intracellular oxidative stress and succinate synthesis, thereby conferring potent antibacterial activity. This study results demonstrate that 5-A-2MBI_Au NPs exhibit notable antibacterial efficacy against CR-GNB, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 2 μg/mL. The antibacterial mechanism involves enhanced membrane permeability, increased reactive oxygen species production, and interference with intracellular oxidative stress and succinate synthesis. These mechanisms collectively contribute to the potent antibacterial activity of 5-A-2MBI_Au NPs against CR-GNB.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>5-A-2MBI_Au NPs are a novel and highly effective antibacterial agent prepared through a simple process using benzimidazole and HAuCl₄•3H₂O. They efficiently eradicate the most challenging multidrug-resistant GNB both in vitro and in vivo while demonstrating excellent biocompatibility. This highlights their potential as a promising antibacterial agent to combat multidrug-resistant GNB.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"2485-2504"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Article \"Regenerative Potential Nanomedicine of Adipocyte Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Senescent Skin Tissue\" [Letter].","authors":"Yingjian Tan, Yue Zeng, Rui Li","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S522282","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S522282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"2555-2556"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874987/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolating Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles From Urine.","authors":"Xin-Hui Xie, Mian-Mian Chen, Shu-Xian Xu, Junhua Mei, Qing Yang, Chao Wang, Honggang Lyu, Qian Gong, Zhongchun Liu","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S492381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S492381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs) can cross the blood-brain barrier and enter the periphery. Therefore, quantifying and analyzing peripherally circulating BDEVs offer a promising approach to directly obtain a window into central nervous system (CNS) pathobiology in vivo. Rapidly evolving CNS diseases require high-frequency sampling, but daily venipuncture of human subjects is highly invasive and usually unfeasible.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this challenge, here we present a novel method for isolating astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles from urine (uADEVs), combining urine concentration, ultracentrifugation to isolate total EVs, and then glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) EV isolation using an anti-GLAST antibody.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The identity of these GLAST+EVs as uADEVs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, western blotting, and assessment of astrocyte-related neurotrophins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Leveraging the convenience and availability of urine samples, the non-invasive uADEV approach provides a novel tool that allows high-frequency sampling to investigate rapidly evolving CNS diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"2475-2484"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Mesoporous Polydopamine-Coated Upconversion Nanoparticles for Dual-Enhanced Photodynamic and Photothermal Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Voradanu Visetvichaporn, Na-Young Yu, Seong-Wook Kang, Duy-Thuc Nguyen, Jun Pyo Lim, Ho Seong Jang, Dae-Duk Kim","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S503977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S503977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a common cancer treatment strategy that combines the use of light, a photosensitizer, and oxygen to precisely generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the efficacy of this method is limited by the shallow tissue penetration of the short-wavelength lasers involved, and combination therapy with other treatments such as photothermal therapy (PTT) or radiation therapy requires additional lasers or instruments. A new dual therapy approach using a single laser could minimize the treatment procedure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chlorin e6 (Ce6) loaded-NaYF₄:Yb,Er@NaYF₄:Yb,Nd upconversion nanoparticles@mesoporous silica@mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles (U@MSC@MP NPs) were fabricated to achieve PDT and PTT combination cancer therapy using a single 808 nm laser. The NaYF₄:Yb,Er@NaYF₄:Yb,Nd upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were coated with mesoporous silica (MS) for Ce6-loading and coated with mesoporous polydopamine (MP) as a PTT photosensitizer. The PDT and PTT effects were measured using ROS generation detection and a thermal camera, respectively; in vitro cytotoxicity studies and in vivo antitumor efficacy analysis using tumor xenograft mouse models were performed to confirm the dual effects.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The PDT-PTT UCNPs were successfully synthesized and emit photoluminescence spectra that can be absorbed by Ce6 to induce the PDT effect. Significant ROS generation was observed from U@MSC@MP NPs following 808 nm laser irradiation for 5 min, which corresponded to intracellular ROS detection in human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells. The NPs significantly reduced HT-29 cell viability compared with PDT or PTT alone, demonstrating the potential of the designed UCNPs. Moreover, the in vivo antitumor efficacy analysis confirmed the dual effect with no signs of toxicity, supporting the safety and biocompatibility of the synthesized NPs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that the combination of PDT and PTT using a single laser can be achieved with UCNPs. This approach is a promising strategy for simplifying the cancer treatment procedures in clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"2505-2519"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Targeted Nanotoxin Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Growth Through Local Tumor Pyroptosis and Eosinophil Infiltration and Degranulation.","authors":"Luis Miguel Carrasco-Díaz, Alberto Gallardo, Eric Voltà-Durán, Anna C Virgili, David Páez, Antonio Villaverde, Esther Vazquez, Patricia Álamo, Ugutz Unzueta, Isolda Casanova, Ramon Mangues, Lorena Alba-Castellon","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S499192","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S499192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) has traditionally been treated with genotoxic chemotherapy to activate pro-apoptotic proteins to induce anticancer effects. However, cancer cells develop resistance to apoptosis, which leads to recurrence and poor prognosis. Moreover, this kind of therapy has been shown to be highly toxic to healthy tissues and, therefore, to patients. To overcome this issue, we developed a self-assembly tumor-targeted nanoparticle, T22-DITOX-H6, that incorporates the T22 peptide (a CXCR4 ligand) to selectively target cells overexpressing CXCR4, fused to the catalytic domain of diphtheria toxin, that exhibits a potent cytotoxic effect on these CXCR4+ cancer cells that exhibits potent cytotoxic effects on CXCR4-overexpressing cancer cells through the activation of pyroptosis, an immunogenic type of cell death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Colorectal CXCR4-expressing tumor cells (CT26-CXCR4+) were implanted subcutaneously into immunocompetent mice to study the effects of T22-DITOX-H6 treatment on tumor growth, cell death and innate immune cell recruitment to the tumor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we demonstrated that the T22-DITOX-H6 nanoparticle selectively activated pyroptosis, an immunogenic cell death that differs from apoptosis, leading to cell death in CXCR4-expressing cells, without affecting the viability of CXCR4-lacking cells. In addition, the nanoparticle administered to tumor-bearing mice induced a local antitumor effect due to the selective activation of pyroptosis in CXCR4+ targeted cancer cells. Biochemical analysis of plasma and histological analysis of non-tumor tissues revealed no differences between the groups. Remarkably, pyroptosis activation stimulates eosinophil infiltration into the tumor microenvironment, an effect recently reported to have an anti-tumorigenic function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results highlight the dual role of CXCR4-targeted cytotoxic nanoparticle in eliminating cancer cells and boosting the self-immune response without compromising healthy organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"2445-2460"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Electrospun Nanofiber Blend With Improved Mechanical and Biological Performance [Corrigendum].","authors":"","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S523937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S523937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S175619.].</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"2369-2370"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11873811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Bioreducible Nanocapsules for Folic Acid-Assisted Targeting and Effective Tumor-Specific Chemotherapy [Corrigendum].","authors":"","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S523506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S523506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S149458.].</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"2367-2368"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11871927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}