International Journal of Nanomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Post-Transplant Liver Monitoring Utilizing Integrated Surface-Enhanced Raman and AI in Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Animal Model.","authors":"Sanghwa Lee, Hyunhee Kwon, Jeongmin Oh, Kyeong Ryeol Kim, Joonseup Hwang, Suyeon Kang, Kwanhee Lee, Jung-Man Namgoong, Jun Ki Kim","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S497900","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S497900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While liver transplantation saves lives from irreversible liver damage, it poses challenges such as graft dysfunction due to factors like ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, which can lead to significant cellular damage and systemic complications. Current diagnostic tools for detecting IR injury have limitations, necessitating advanced methods for timely intervention. This study explores the integration of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with artificial intelligence (AI) to improve diagnostic accuracy for liver IR injury.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>IR injury was induced using a mouse model, and histopathological and hepatic functional evaluations were conducted alongside SERS measurements. Raman signals obtained via SERS chips, which selectively filter nano-biomarkers and enhance signals, were analyzed using machine learning algorithms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PC-LDA derived from spectra achieved an accuracy of 93.13%, while a machine learning algorithm based on PC-derived PLS-DA improved accuracy to 98.75%.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings emphasize the potential of combining SERS with AI to detect and specifically identify dysfunction due to liver damage early, potentially advancing patient management in liver transplantation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6743-6755"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary Extracellular Vesicles in Detection of Head and Neck Cancers: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Wojciech Owecki, Karolina Wojtowicz, Kacper Nijakowski","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S520288","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S520288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Head and neck cancer (HNC) represents approximately 10% of all cancer cases globally, posing a significant public health challenge. Despite advances in therapeutic approaches, the mortality rate associated with HNC continues to rise. A growing body of research highlights the role of extracellular vesicles in cancer progression and pathogenesis, positioning them as promising candidates for novel biomarker discovery. Concurrently, saliva has emerged as a valuable diagnostic fluid due to its non-invasive, accessible, and cost-effective collection methods. This systematic review aims to explore the potential of salivary extracellular vesicles as diagnostic tools for the early detection and monitoring of head and neck cancer. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were thoroughly searched from database inception to July 16, 2024. Twenty-three eligible studies were included, focusing on original research that described salivary extracellular vesicles as biomarkers in HNC. In oral cancer - predominantly represented by the squamous cell carcinoma subtype - several proteins, including PSB7, AMER3, and LOXL2, as well as a ten-protein panel, demonstrated strong potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Additionally, the analysis of various microRNAs (miR-140, miR-143, miR-145, miR-412-3p, miR-512-3p, miR-1307-5p) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra has shown promising results for oral cancer detection. For oropharyngeal cancer, lactate dehydrogenase B appears to be a promising biomarker. Another potential avenue is the assessment of human papillomavirus (HPV) risk in the development of oropharyngeal cancer. Four studies investigated HNC without specifying the cancer location; however, limited or absent reporting of sensitivity and specificity hampers the reliable evaluation of potential biomarkers. In conclusion, salivary extracellular vesicles hold promise for the detection of HNC, but further research is needed to validate their diagnostic utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6757-6775"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer Nanoparticles Advancements for Gynecological Cancers.","authors":"Xiaorui Lin, Zihan Li, Yibao Huang, Yinuo Li, Yuting Li, Ling Zhang, Mingfu Wu","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S527023","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S527023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gynecological cancers represent one of the leading causes of death in women and pose a critical global health challenge. While surgery and chemotherapy remain the first-line therapies for gynecological cancers, the persistently high morbidity and mortality rates have driven the urgent exploration of novel theranostic strategies. In recent years, polymer nanoparticles (PNPs) have gained increasing attention in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer due to their superior targeting ability and delivery efficiency. This review provides an overview of PNPs and their role in tumor diagnosis and treatment, with a strategic focus on their utility in gynecological cancers. It covers drug delivery, imaging, combination therapy, and theranostic integration in gynecological cancers, and summarizes the composition, principles and characteristics of diverse polymers and their cargoes. Furthermore, this work highlights innovative applications of PNPs in gynecological cancers management, spanning chemotherapy, immunotherapy, PARPi therapy, phototherapy and other therapies. Despite promising preclinical advancements in PNPs, formidable challenges persist in their clinical translation. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians aiming to optimize gynecological cancers theranostics as well as accelerate the development and clinical translation of PNPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6721-6742"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12124412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Human Neural Precursor Cells: A Promising Advanced Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases.","authors":"Priscila Elias Ferreira Stricker, Nathalia Barth de Oliveira, Bassam Felipe Mogharbel, Ana Carolina Irioda, Nádia Nascimento da Rosa, Larissa Lührs, Claudia Sayuri Saçaki, Isadora Munhoz da Rocha, Lysangela Ronalte Alves, Saloe Bispo Poubel, Julia Cardoso da Silva, Paulo Costa Carvalho, Juliana Saldanha da Gama Fischer, Katherine Athayde Teixeira de Carvalho","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S502031","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S502031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The therapeutic effect of stem cells is attributed to their direct maturation into somatic cells and their paracrine effects, which influence the extracellular environment. One such component released is extracellular vesicles containing proteins and genetic materials with immunomodulatory functions and facilitating cell-to-cell communication.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study's main objective was to characterize extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Human Neural Precursor Cells (hNPCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Wharton's Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) were isolated by explant technique and characterized by flow cytometry and trilineage differentiation. The hNPCs obtained from neurospheres were produced by seeding WJ-MSCs on a natural functional biopolymer matrix. EVs derived from WJ-MSCs and hNPCs were isolated by precipitation methodology and characterized by flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), scanning electron microscopy (TEM), and proteomic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>hNPCs expressed proteins and genes characteristic of neural precursor cells. The EVs were characterized by flow cytometry and showed varied expression for the markers CD63, CD9, and CD81, indicating different subpopulations based on their origin of formation. NTA and TEM of the EVs exhibited characteristic size, shape, and structural integrity consistent with the criteria established by the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV). EV-hNPCs function enrichment analysis of the proteomic results showed that these vesicles presented abundant proteins directly involved in neuronal biological processes such as plasticity, transduction, postsynaptic density, and overall brain development.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results indicate that EVs derived from hNPCs maintain key neural precursor characteristics and exhibit marker variability, suggesting distinct subpopulations. Their structural integrity aligns with ISEV standards, supporting their potential as reliable biological entities. The proteomic analysis highlights their role in neuronal functions, reinforcing their applicability in neurodegenerative research and therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The EVs were successfully isolated from hNPCs with abundant proteins involved in neuronal processes, making them attractive for acellular therapies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6675-6699"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Stomatobaculum longum</i>-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Malignancy Through BRCA1/EXO1/TP53BP1 Modulation.","authors":"Lingjian Yan, Fan Wu, Jiuyang Jiao, Abudusaimi Maimaiti, Yachong Li, Libin Shao, Qixiang Liang, Xinxin Xiong, Zeman Qin","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S491473","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S491473","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy among Asian populations, and emerging evidence suggests that oral microbiota dysbiosis may play a role in its pathogenesis. This study investigates the role of the oral microbiome, particularly <i>Stomatobaculum longum</i> (<i>S. longum</i>), in OSCC progression and explores the underlying molecular mechanisms involving bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>16S rRNA sequencing was conducted on tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues from OSCC patients to identify microbial composition. In vitro and in vivo experiments were used to evaluate the effects of <i>S. longum</i> on OSCC proliferation and cell cycle progression. GW4869, an inhibitor of EVs' release, was applied to validate the EVs-mediated mechanisms. Extracellular vesicles from <i>S. longum</i> (SBL-EVs) were isolated using ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). High-throughput sequencing and functional assays were performed to identify signaling pathways regulated by SBL-EVs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tumor tissues exhibited a significant enrichment of <i>S. longum</i> compared to non-tumor tissues. <i>S. longum</i> promoted OSCC proliferation and cell cycle progression both in vitro and in vivo, which was reversed by GW4869 treatment. SBL-EVs were successfully isolated and characterized, and they were found to promote OSCC progression by activating the BRCA1/EXO1/TP53BP1 signaling axis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the oncogenic role of <i>S. longum</i> in OSCC, mediated through EVs-dependent regulation of the BRCA1/EXO1/TP53BP1 pathway. Targeting bacterial EVs or their downstream signaling may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for OSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6659-6674"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12123094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quercetin and Nano-Derivatives: Potential and Challenges in Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Xin-Ru Li, Lin Qi, Xi-Wen Zhang, Chao Wei, Bin Yu, Tian-Li Pei","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S509877","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S509877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quercetin, a prevalent flavonol compound, has gained attention for its multifaceted mechanisms of action against various cancers, highlighting its potential as an adjunctive therapy in cancer treatments. This review aims to systematically evaluate the structural optimization, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications of quercetin and its nano-derivatives in cancer treatment. Employing a bibliometric analysis of 6231 articles from the Web of Science Core Collection, we observed a notable increase in annual publications, particularly from the USA and China, indicating a growing interest in quercetin's therapeutic potential. Our findings reveal that quercetin enhances the efficacy of conventional therapies by modulating critical signaling pathways, thereby increasing cancer cell sensitivity while simultaneously protecting normal tissues from therapy-induced damage. Structural modifications, including glycosylation, methylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation, alongside nanoparticle formulation, significantly improve the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of quercetin, enabling targeted drug delivery. Despite the promising preclinical outcomes, the clinical translation of quercetin remains nascent, necessitating further rigorous research to validate its safety and efficacy in human subjects. In conclusion, while quercetin exhibits substantial anticancer properties and therapeutic potential, future studies should focus on expanding sample sizes, elucidating metabolic pathways, and conducting comprehensive clinical trials to inform its application in oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6701-6720"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized Boron Carbide Nanoparticles as Active Boron Delivery Agents Dedicated to Boron Neutron Capture Therapy.","authors":"Anna Rudawska, Bożena Szermer-Olearnik, Agnieszka Szczygieł, Jagoda Mierzejewska, Katarzyna Węgierek-Ciura, Paulina Żeliszewska, Dawid Kozień, Monika Chaszczewska-Markowska, Zbigniew Adamczyk, Piotr Rusiniak, Katarzyna Wątor, Andrzej Rapak, Zbigniew Pędzich, Elżbieta Pajtasz-Piasecka","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S516534","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S516534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising targeted radiotherapy that enables the treatment of cancers at the cellular level. The crucial aspect of BNCT are boron carriers, which should selectively reach cancer cells by delivering high concentrations of boron. Therefore, we propose the use of boron carbide (B₄C) nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies directed against receptors overexpressed in cancer cells, such as the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hydrodynamic diameter measurements confirmed the stability of functionalized B₄C nanoparticles in culture media during biological tests lasting up to 72 hours. The toxicity of the nanoparticles was assessed using the MTT assay and BrdU cell cycle assay on three types of cancer cells (PC-3, T98G, and SCC-25) with different levels of LDLR and EGFR surface expression. The uptake of functionalized B₄C nanoparticles by cancer cells was assessed based on flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and holotomography. Boron concentrations in cancer cells were quantified via ICP-MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Functionalized B₄C nanoparticles showed even 2-fold higher interaction with SCC-25 cells characterized by the highest surface expression of both receptors than with PC-3 and T98G cells. Holotomographic imaging confirmed the greater intracellular uptake of functionalized B₄C nanoparticles compared to unmodified B₄C, providing further evidence for the selective targeting of boron to cancer cells. ICP-MS analyses showed that B₄C anti-LDLR nanoparticles were the most effective in delivering a high boron concentration to cancer cells. Particularly in SCC-25 cells, the concentration was 9.58 ± 2.6 mg/L boron per million cells. The highest uptake by these cells was associated with a decrease in viability to 63% and a slight reduction in the percentage of cells in S phase after 24-hour exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stable complexes of antibody-functionalized B₄C nanoparticles were successfully obtained, demonstrating increased tropism towards cancer cells overexpressing LDLR and EGFR.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6637-6657"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Targeted Delivery System: In Treatment Approach for Dyslipidemia.","authors":"Yedi Herdiana, Jutti Levita, Supat Jiranusornkul","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S517492","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S517492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperlipidemia, characterized by abnormally high lipid levels in the bloodstream, is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Conventional treatments have limitations in efficacy and may lead to side effects. Nanotechnology offers unique advantages in drug delivery, including improved drug stability, prolonged circulation time, and enhanced tissue targeting. Using nanoparticles as carriers, therapeutic agents can be precisely delivered to the target site, such as the liver or arterial walls, where lipid metabolism occurs. Chitosan nanoparticles represent an advanced approach engineered with precision to target atherosclerotic plaques. They have dual functionalities, serving therapeutic and diagnostic purposes in managing atherosclerosis. Targeting strategies involve coating nanoparticles with ligands or antibodies that recognize specific receptors overexpressed in hyperlipidemic conditions. This selective uptake maximizes the therapeutic effect while minimizing off-target effects, making it a promising alternative to traditional treatments. The review provides an overview of recent research developments for managing dyslipidemia based on the molecular target pathway of dyslipidemia, focusing on Chitosan-based delivery systems that allow controlled drug release, targeting, and enhancing patient compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6611-6636"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Glycopolymer Inhibitors of Galectin-3: Supportive Anti-Cancer Agents Protecting Monocytes and Preserving Interferon-Gamma Function.","authors":"Marcela Filipová, Marina Rodrigues Tavares, Michaela Hovorková, Viktoria Heine, Pavlína Nekvasilová, Vladimír Křen, Tomáš Etrych, Petr Chytil, Pavla Bojarová","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S503381","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S503381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The immunosuppressive roles of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in carcinogenesis make this lectin an attractive target for pharmacological inhibition in immunotherapy. Although current clinical immunotherapies appear promising in the treatment of solid tumors, their efficacy is significantly weakened by the hostile immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Gal-3, a prominent TME modulator, efficiently subverts the elimination of cancer, either directly by inducing apoptosis of immune cells or indirectly by binding essential effector molecules, such as interferon-gamma (IFNγ).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>N</i>-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA)-based glycopolymers bearing poly-<i>N</i>-acetyllactosamine-derived tetrasaccharide ligands of Gal-3 were designed, synthesized, and characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography, dynamic light scattering, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, high-resolution mass spectrometry and CCK-8 assay for evaluation of glycopolymer non-toxicity. Pro-immunogenic effects of purified glycopolymers were tested by apoptotic assay using flow cytometry, competitive ELISA, and in vitro cell-free INFγ-based assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All tested glycopolymers completely inhibited Gal-3-induced apoptosis of monocytes/macrophages, of which the M1 subtype is responsible for eliminating cancer cells during immunotherapy. Moreover, the glycopolymers suppressed Gal-3-induced capture of glycosylated IFNγ by competitive inhibition to Gal-3 carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), which enables further inherent biological activities of this effector, such as differentiation of monocytes into M1 macrophages and repolarization of M2-macrophages to the M1 state.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prepared glycopolymers are promising inhibitors of Gal-3 and may serve as important supportive anti-cancer nanosystems enabling the infiltration of proinflammatory macrophages and the reprogramming of unwanted M2 macrophages into the M1 subtype.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6591-6609"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118576/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid-Coated Ag@MnO₂ Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Co-Delivery of Survivin siRNA in Breast Tumor Therapy.","authors":"Jing Zhang, Min Zha, Shanghua Xiao, Nina Filipczak, Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty, Xiangping Wu, Chenkai Gong, Xiang Li","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S510514","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S510514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Nanoparticles constructed with silver/manganese dioxide (Ag@MnO₂) as the core, in conjunction with survivin siRNA (sis) and cyclo(RGD-DPhe-K) (Ag@MnO₂-sis-c-L), were prepared for integrated tumor diagnosis and therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ag@MnO₂-sis-c-L particles were prepared and characterized. The silver and manganese content were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The stability of sis in the system was evaluated by incubation with 50% FBS before the agarose gel electrophoresis experiment. The in vitro photothermal conversion ability, cytotoxicity to 4T1 cells, and cellular uptake of preparations were evaluated. The dialysis technique was employed to determine the in vitro release profile of Ag and Mn from Ag@MnO₂-sis-c-L under various pH conditions. The pharmacokinetic behavior and tissue distribution of silver in vivo were detected by ICP-OES. Animal model experiments were conducted to further evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of Ag@MnO₂-sis-c-L against breast cancer in combination with infrared irradiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our newly synthesized Ag@MnO₂-sis-c-L nanoparticles displayed superior physicochemical properties. The combined application of these nanoparticles with photothermal therapy (PTT) exerted the strongest synergistic inhibitory effects on tumor growth. Survivin protein expression in tumor tissues were markedly suppressed following delivery of nanoparticles loaded with sis. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging revealed the high imaging capability of hybrid nanoparticles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study supports the potential utility of Ag@MnO₂-sis-c-L coupled with PTT in therapeutic and diagnostic imaging applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6515-6531"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}