Intranasal and Pulmonary Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery: Turning Challenges into Opportunities.

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY

International Journal of Nanomedicine Pub Date : 2025-06-23 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.2147/IJN.S517385

Yaman Tayyar, Adi Idris, Hadi Yassine

{"title":"Intranasal and Pulmonary Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery: Turning Challenges into Opportunities.","authors":"Yaman Tayyar, Adi Idris, Hadi Yassine","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S517385","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Delivery of nano-therapeutics through the nasal route offers a promising approach for several applications, including intranasal conditions, pulmonary delivery, brain targeting, and vaccination. Despite its potential, this method faces significant challenges, including overcoming the mucosal barrier, ensuring consistent absorption, controlling the deposition area, and managing immunogenic responses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of nasally delivered lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for gene medicine, focusing on the specific barriers encountered in this delivery route and strategies to overcome them. We examine how formulation composition affects stability during aerosolization, analyze the impact of particle characteristics on mucociliary clearance, and evaluate interactions with the lung surfactant layer. The review also compares delivery devices including metered-dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizers, highlighting how device selection influences LNP integrity and deposition patterns. Furthermore, we explore potential safety considerations with intranasal LNPs and propose approaches to mitigate adverse effects. By addressing these challenges with evidence-based strategies, this review aims to advance the development and clinical application of intranasal and pulmonary LNP delivery systems for gene-based therapeutics and vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"8085-8099"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204099/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S517385","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Delivery of nano-therapeutics through the nasal route offers a promising approach for several applications, including intranasal conditions, pulmonary delivery, brain targeting, and vaccination. Despite its potential, this method faces significant challenges, including overcoming the mucosal barrier, ensuring consistent absorption, controlling the deposition area, and managing immunogenic responses. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of nasally delivered lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for gene medicine, focusing on the specific barriers encountered in this delivery route and strategies to overcome them. We examine how formulation composition affects stability during aerosolization, analyze the impact of particle characteristics on mucociliary clearance, and evaluate interactions with the lung surfactant layer. The review also compares delivery devices including metered-dose inhalers, dry powder inhalers, and nebulizers, highlighting how device selection influences LNP integrity and deposition patterns. Furthermore, we explore potential safety considerations with intranasal LNPs and propose approaches to mitigate adverse effects. By addressing these challenges with evidence-based strategies, this review aims to advance the development and clinical application of intranasal and pulmonary LNP delivery systems for gene-based therapeutics and vaccines.

查看原文本刊更多论文

用于基因传递的鼻内和肺内脂质纳米颗粒：将挑战转化为机遇。

通过鼻腔给药纳米治疗提供了一种很有前景的应用方法，包括鼻内给药、肺给药、脑靶向和疫苗接种。尽管具有潜力，但该方法面临着重大挑战，包括克服粘膜屏障，确保一致吸收，控制沉积区域和管理免疫原性反应。本文综述了用于基因医学的经鼻给药脂质纳米颗粒（LNPs）的现状，重点介绍了在这种给药途径中遇到的具体障碍和克服这些障碍的策略。我们研究了配方成分如何影响雾化过程中的稳定性，分析了颗粒特性对黏毛清除的影响，并评估了与肺表面活性物质层的相互作用。该综述还比较了包括计量吸入器、干粉吸入器和雾化器在内的输送设备，强调了设备选择如何影响LNP完整性和沉积模式。此外，我们探讨了鼻内LNPs的潜在安全性，并提出了减轻不良反应的方法。通过以证据为基础的策略解决这些挑战，本综述旨在促进基因治疗和疫苗的鼻内和肺部LNP递送系统的开发和临床应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

International Journal of Nanomedicine NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY-PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

CiteScore

14.40

自引率

3.80%

发文量

511

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Nanomedicine is a globally recognized journal that focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in the biomedical field. It is a peer-reviewed and open-access publication that covers diverse aspects of this rapidly evolving research area. With its strong emphasis on the clinical potential of nanoparticles in disease diagnostics, prevention, and treatment, the journal aims to showcase cutting-edge research and development in the field. Starting from now, the International Journal of Nanomedicine will not accept meta-analyses for publication.