International Journal of Nanomedicine最新文献

{"title":"CXCR4-Functionalized Biomimetic Nanoparticles Enable ROS-Triggered Hesperetin Release for Acute Lung Injury Therapy.","authors":"Jie Li, Wenbo Zhao, Liangliang Xue, Hanjing Liu, Yifan Qing, Yihuan Wang, Huamin Zeng, Sanyin Zhang, Shilin Chen","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S630254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S630254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Acute lung injury (ALI) features uncontrolled pulmonary inflammation and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), lacking effective targeted therapies. Hesperetin (HST) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but poor solubility and weak lesion targeting limit its application. Herein, based on the characteristics of ALI lesion stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and ROS overexpression, the authors constructed ROS-sensitive oxy-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (Oxi-Hp-β-CD) and CXCR4-modified biomimetic nanoparticles (CXCR4-HST@BNPs) to achieve targeted (CXCR4/SDF-1α axis) and ROS-triggered HST delivery for the treatment of ALI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MLE-12 cells with overexpressed CXCR4 were constructed by lentiviral transduction and the cell membranes were extracted for encapsulating nanoparticles loaded with HST. Physicochemical properties, drug release profile, cellular uptake and in vivo distribution were characterized, and therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms were assessed using LPS-induced cellular and murine ALI models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prepared CXCR4-HST@BNPs possessed uniform particle size, high encapsulation efficiency and obvious ROS-dependent drug release. Benefiting from CXCR4/SDF-1α-mediated active targeting, the nanoparticles selectively accumulated in inflamed lung tissue with favorable acute biocompatibility. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that CXCR4-HST@BNPs significantly alleviated pulmonary edema, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine overexpression and alleviated inflammatory injury. Mechanistically, the formulation eliminated excessive intracellular ROS, restored mitochondrial membrane potential and raised cellular ATP levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, CXCR4-HST@BNPs effectively ameliorate ALI via anti-oxidation and mitochondrial protection, representing a prospective ALI-targeted nanotherapeutic candidate.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"630254"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liposomal and Polymeric Drug Delivery of Creatine: Exploring a Multifaceted Molecule for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Beyond.","authors":"Khashayar Vojdanitalab, Melika Naderi, Rana Samadi, Donya Abbasi Govari, Sepide Gholami","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S645228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S645228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Creatine (Cr), best known as a sports supplement, is increasingly recognized for its multifaceted biological functions and broad therapeutic potential. Through its roles in cellular energy homeostasis, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress reduction, and neuroinflammation modulation, Cr has shown therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), cancer, and other disorders of energy metabolism. For NDs specifically, the application of Cr may be hindered by poor bioavailability, high dose requirements, and, most importantly, its limited ability to efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Advances in nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have introduced new approaches that may help address these limitations by improving pharmacokinetics, facilitating BBB penetration, enabling targeted drug delivery, and supporting controlled drug release. Among these platforms, liposomes and polymer-based systems have been widely studied because of their favorable biocompatibility, safety profiles, and translational potential. These delivery strategies have mainly been evaluated in preclinical studies and in models of diseases other than NDs. This review examines the therapeutic potential of Cr in NDs by integrating current knowledge of its biological functions with developments in liposomal and polymeric drug delivery systems that may facilitate brain delivery and improve therapeutic outcomes. Recent studies of Cr-based formulations, Cr analogues, phosphocreatine, and other nanocarrier systems have provided insights into different approaches for improving Cr delivery and expanding its therapeutic applications. Furthermore, it summarizes recent progress in Cr-based nanomedicine, identifies current translational challenges, and highlights future research directions to advance Cr-based therapies, particularly for NDs, with potential applications in cancer and other energy metabolism-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"645228"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13652043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PD-L1 Aptamer-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Targeted Doxorubicin Delivery in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.","authors":"Juntao Tan, Zixi Hu, Da Huang, Lu Chen, Liangliang Min, Qi-Hua Jiang, Zhihua Li","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S640426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S640426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains highly aggressive and lacks effective molecularly targeted therapies. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) represents a potential cell-surface target for selective drug delivery.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and evaluate a PD-L1 aptamer-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticle system loaded with doxorubicin (Apt-PD-L1-MSN/DOX) for targeted DOX delivery in TNBC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Apt-PD-L1-MSN/DOX was synthesized and characterized by TEM, DLS, zeta-potential measurement, FT-IR, and UV-Vis analysis. DOX release was evaluated at pH 7.4, 6.5, and 5.0. Cellular targeting, cytotoxicity, and aptamer-blocking effects were assessed in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-10A cells. In vivo fluorescence distribution, antitumor efficacy, and short-term safety were evaluated in MDA-MB-231 xenograft-bearing mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aptamer functionalization increased the hydrodynamic diameter from approximately 95 to 106 nm, with an estimated surface-associated aptamer loading of ~6.65 nmol/mg. DOX release was pH dependent, remaining below 40% at pH 7.4 but exceeding 80% at pH 5.0 after 96 h. Apt-PD-L1-MSN/DOX showed enhanced cellular targeting and the lowest IC₅ ₀ in MDA-MB-231 cells (~0.8 μg/mL vs ~1.6 μg/mL for MSN/DOX and ~2.0 μg/mL for free DOX). Aptamer pre-blocking attenuated its cytotoxic effect. In vivo, Apt-PD-L1-MSN/DOX showed stronger tumor-associated fluorescence, greater tumor-growth inhibition, increased apoptosis, and prolonged survival, without overt short-term hepatic or renal toxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Apt-PD-L1-MSN/DOX shows promise as a PD-L1 aptamer-guided platform for targeted DOX delivery in the evaluated TNBC model.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"640426"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensionally Engineered Nanotherapeutics for Pulpitis and Periodontitis: From Structural Design to Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Precision Therapy.","authors":"Fuzhong Zhang, Wenyue Zhang, Ting Lu, Yao Meng, Meihui Su, Qixiong Zhang, Houkui Shi","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S650676","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S650676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulpitis (Pul) and periodontitis (PD) are oral infectious diseases with extremely high global prevalence. These pathologies can induce severe pain, significantly elevate the risk of tooth mobility and eventual tooth loss, and have been confirmed to be closely correlated with multiple chronic systemic disorders including diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Conventional clinical interventions for these diseases are frequently characterized by incomplete debridement and inefficient drug delivery. Additionally, the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance presents an ongoing challenge for traditional treatments, leading to overall unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Nanomaterials offer an innovative approach to overcoming the aforementioned limitations of conventional treatments, owing to their distinctive physicochemical properties, intrinsic antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, as well as their ability to facilitate bone and cementum regeneration. However, the development of nanotherapeutics for Pul and PD currently remains inefficient. Most existing nanomaterial systems exhibit poor adaptability to the complex oral microenvironment, and are unable to achieve closed-loop dynamic regulation during the entire therapeutic process. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought unprecedented new opportunities to resolve these bottlenecks. By enabling an intelligent \"sense-analyze-respond\" feedback loop, AI can optimize the key performance parameters of nanomaterials and facilitate dynamic adjustment of clinical therapeutic regimens. This review firstly sorts out the pathogenesis of Pul and PD, as well as the corresponding targeted intervention strategies enabled by nanomaterials. Subsequently, the existing nanomaterial systems are categorized based on their dimensional classification (0D to 3D), and their therapeutic applications and current limitations in the treatment of both diseases are analyzed. Finally, this paper discusses the research prospects of AI-enabled nanomaterials in structural design and in the management of Pul and PD. This review aims to provide theoretical reference for the development of more precise and effective therapeutic strategies for these two prevalent oral diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"650676"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organelle-Targeted Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy: Design Principles, Intracellular Trafficking, and Translational Barriers in Precision Drug Delivery.","authors":"Hang Zhang, Jia Guo, Xinmiao Wang, Yuchen Shen, Yijie Yao, Sushilkumar Shivaji Ghadage, Sainath Kamble, Sami A Al-Hussain, Magdi E A Zaki, Shravan Jadhav, Vijay H Masand, Rohit Bavi","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S625844","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S625844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinical translation of cancer nanomedicine remains constrained by inefficient intracellular delivery, poor subcellular specificity, and limited tumor accumulation, highlighting the need for more precise drug delivery strategies. Organelle-targeted nanocarriers have emerged as a promising platform for enhancing therapeutic efficacy by directing drugs to specific intracellular compartments, including the nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. However, the design principles governing efficient organelle-specific delivery and the barriers limiting clinical translation remain incompletely understood. This review provides a mechanistic framework linking nanoparticle physicochemical properties-including size, surface charge, ligand functionalization, and stimuli responsiveness to intracellular trafficking, organelle targeting, and therapeutic performance. We critically discuss the biological barriers encountered during delivery, including cellular uptake, endosomal escape, cytosolic transport, and organelle membrane penetration, together with current engineering strategies to overcome these challenges. Organelle-specific targeting approaches are comparatively evaluated to highlight their therapeutic advantages, limitations, and suitable clinical applications. Beyond summarizing recent advances, this review examines the major translational hurdles that impede clinical implementation, including non-specific biodistribution, manufacturing scalability, regulatory challenges, and the lack of standardized preclinical evaluation models. Emerging solutions such as hierarchical targeting, charge-reversal systems, size-transformable nanocarriers, and multifunctional theranostic platforms are discussed as strategies to improve clinical feasibility. Finally, we propose practical design guidelines and future research priorities that integrate nanomaterial engineering, predictive biological models, and scalable manufacturing to facilitate the development of clinically translatable organelle-targeted nanomedicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"625844"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Nanomaterial Platform for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Three-Dimensional Integration of Delivery Mechanism, Therapeutic Drug Delivery and Intelligent Material Design.","authors":"Junhui Qian, Siqi Shen, Sijia Chen, Hua Zhang, Lianliang Liu, Dezheng Zhou, Xiaohong Zhang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S633866","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S633866","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder with a complex etiology and a high recurrence rate. Conventional treatments face significant limitations in targeting, stability, and efficacy. Going beyond conventional reviews that focus on isolated mechanisms, this review offers a systematic integration of three engineering perspectives: how to deliver (targeting mechanisms), what to deliver (pathology-based therapeutic payloads), and what to use for delivery (smart material design). We highlight emerging nanoplatforms-including nanozymes, probiotic-based nano-delivery systems, and stimuli-responsive nano-delivery systems-that address oxidative stress and gut dysbiosis, two core pathologies of IBD. We also discuss novel approaches for delivering nanodrugs to target cells and advocate for the use of hybrid synthetic/natural materials to achieve a balance between efficacy and safety of nanomaterials. However, a critical gap that must be confronted is that the vast majority of existing studies remain confined to acute, chemically induced colitis models (typically 7-14 days), which poorly recapitulate the chronic, relapsing nature of human IBD. Systematic validation of long-term safety and efficacy including biodistribution, metabolic clearance, and chronic toxicity profiles over extended periods is urgently needed before any meaningful clinical translation can be contemplated. This recognition of the acute-to-chronic translation gap constitutes a central critical stance of this review. This is not merely a methodological concern but a fundamental barrier that pervades the entire field: the disconnect between acute model readouts and chronic disease outcomes has systematically inflated translational expectations while masking the true challenges of long-term efficacy, safety, and durability. Addressing this gap requires not only acknowledging its existence but also implementing concrete, standardized protocols for chronic model evaluation. Multidisciplinary collaboration is urgently needed to accelerate clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"633866"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrospun PVP Nanofibrous Co-Loaded with Miconazole and Lidocaine for the Treatment of Oral Candidiasis.","authors":"Dunia A Alzahrani, Alaa Sirwi, Rasheed A Shaik, Mahmoud A Elfaky, Abrar A Bakr, Bayan Y Alshehri, Meshal K Alnefaie, Ali A Alamer, Munirah S Aleyiydi, Nojoud Al Fayez, Abdulrahman A Halwani, Majed A Majrashi, Essam A Tawfik","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S624901","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S624901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral candidiasis caused by <i>Candida albicans</i> is common among immunocompromised individuals. Conventional topical dosage forms have several limitations, including imprecise dosing, rapid salivary clearance, short residence time at the site of application, and inconsistent therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Rationale: </strong>To overcome these challenges, this study developed an electrospun nanofibrous patch for localized co-delivery of miconazole (MZ) and lidocaine (LD) to oral mucosa. MZ and LD were co-encapsulated in electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers and evaluated for morphology, drug loading, release profile, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), cytotoxicity, and in vivo antifungal efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scanning electron microscopy showed smooth fibers with an average diameter of 490 ± 122nm. Drug loading values were 41 µg/mg for LD and 46 µg/mg for MZ. Release studies demonstrated rapid LD release, with approximately 70% released within the first few minutes and complete release after 30 minutes. In contrast, MZ reached about 95% cumulative release within 120 minutes. The MZ/LD combination (1:1) showed potent antifungal activity, with an MIC of 0.004 μg/mL and an inhibition zone of 20 ± 1 mm. No in vitro cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations of < 16 µg/mL for MZ, < 1250 µg/mL for LD, and < 16 and 78 µg/mL for MZ and LD, respectively, for their combination. In a murine oral candidiasis model, MZ/LD-loaded nanofibers significantly (p< 0.0001) reduced fungal burden to 22 CFU/mL and improved tongue lesion scores compared with MZ-loaded nanofibers alone (1100 CFU/mL) and the commercial MZ formulation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that the developed dual-drug nanofibrous system is a safe and promising localized delivery system for treating oral candidiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"624901"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginger-Derived Nanoparticles Deliver a VEGFA-Targeting DNAzyme and Modulate Retinal VEGFA Expression and Inflammatory Markers in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy.","authors":"Tong Wang, Yupeng Zhang, Jian Cao, Jing Li, Yunxiang Chao, Wen Yang, Xiaoxiao Jin, Zhipeng You","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S627904","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S627904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To address the limitations of current anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies for diabetic retinopathy (DR), which do not effectively inhibit VEGFA synthesis at the genetic source and provide only marginal improvements in the chronic inflammatory microenvironment, this study employs ginger-derived nanoparticles (GDNPs) to create a deoxyribozyme (DNAzyme) delivery system (GDNPs@Dz) targeting VEGFA mRNA. It further investigates the combined effects of this system on gene silencing and anti-inflammatory activity in an experimental setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>GDNPs were isolated from fresh ginger using differential centrifugation followed by size-exclusion chromatography purification, and their physicochemical properties and biosafety were characterized. Phosphorothioate-modified 10-23 DNAzyme was incorporated into GDNPs via ultrasonication. The uptake of GDNPs@Dz by human retinal microvascular endothelial cells was evaluated in vitro, alongside its inhibitory effects on cell migration and tube formation. In a streptozotocin-induced DR mouse model, the study assessed the intraocular retention of the AF647-labeled DNAzyme signal, VEGFA expression, and inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-α) following a single intravitreal injection (2 μL/eye, 39 pmol DNAzyme + 4 μg GDNPs). Treatment doses in vitro were 500 nM free DNAzyme, 50 μg/mL empty GDNPs, or an equivalent combination. All in vitro experiments were performed in three independent biological replicates, with three technical replicates per condition, and in vivo analyses used n = 3 animals per group per time point, with VEGFA expression assessed at days 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GDNPs@Dz was internalized by retinal microvascular endothelial cells and reduced high glucose-induced cell migration and tube formation in vitro. In the diabetic mouse model, GDNPs@Dz prolonged the ocular retention of the AF647-labeled DNAzyme signal compared with free DNAzyme and reduced retinal VEGFA mRNA for up to two weeks after a single injection. Representative immunofluorescence showed reduced IL-1β and TNF-α positive signals after empty GDNPs treatment. These findings indicate a combined effect of gene silencing and anti-inflammatory activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This preclinical proof-of-concept study demonstrates that ginger-derived nanoparticles can deliver a VEGFA-targeting DNAzyme and modulate retinal VEGFA expression and inflammatory markers in an experimental diabetic setting. The system showed a favorable biosafety profile and combined gene-silencing and anti-inflammatory activity, providing a basis for further preclinical development.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"627904"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface-Engineered Breviscapine Nanocrystals for Enhanced Oral Absorption and Cardioprotection in Isoprenaline-Induced Myocardial Infarction.","authors":"Fang Li, Pengfei Yue, Yuling Liu, Liru Chen, Wenhui Hu, Haibin Zou, Quanda Yu, Wenli Shi, Yingchong Chen","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S626198","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S626198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Breviscapine (BRE) possesses excellent cardioprotective efficacy against myocardial infarction (MI). However, its oral application is severely hindered by BCS Class IV properties, including poor solubility and permeability, accompanied by P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated drug efflux and gastrointestinal absorption barriers. Arginine-rich CPPs such as R8 can promote cellular uptake, whereas cationic surface characteristics may restrict particle mobility in gastrointestinal mucus. Conversely, hydrophilic and electro-neutral surfaces favor mucus penetration but may reduce epithelial uptake. This imposes challenges for balancing these two absorption barriers. To solve these problems, we developed surface-engineered nanocrystals with sequential barrier-crossing capability (R8-F127-VES@BRE-NCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We engineered multifunctional nanocrystals (R8-F127-VES@BRE-NCs) featuring a sequential barrier-crossing design: nanocrystal technology increases saturation solubility, Pluronic F127 imparts mucus-penetrating capability, R8 peptide facilitates epithelial internalization, and Vitamin E Succinate (VES) may contribute to efflux modulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comprehensive characterization and in vitro studies suggested that this integrated design helped address the trade-off between mucus diffusion and epithelial uptake. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed a marked enhancement in oral BRE absorption, with C_max and AUC_0-∞ increased to 185.76 ng/mL and 1418.34 ng·mL^-1·h (4.27- and 7.37-fold over BRE-raw). Following establishment of the isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury model, 14-day oral treatment with R8-F127-VES@BRE-NCs showed enhanced cardioprotective effects, as evidenced by reduced infarct size and improved oxidative stress-related biochemical indicators.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>R8-F127-VES-modified nanocrystals provide a promising strategy for overcoming oral delivery barriers and enhancing the cardioprotective effects of orally administered BRE.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"626198"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13640990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149108917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Triamcinolone Acetonide-Loaded Nanoparticles for Inflammatory Knee Arthritis Treatment.","authors":"Shu-Jyuan Yang, Tzu-Hao Tseng, Po-Ju Ting, Yao-Chang Lo, Tai-Horng Young, Chih-Hao Chang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S627313","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S627313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intra-articular corticosteroid injections (IACIs) provide an alternative treatment for inflammatory arthritis. Nevertheless, IACIs are limited by adverse effects, including injection-related pain, corticosteroid-induced chondrocyte toxicity, and progressive cartilage degeneration following prolonged use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, human serum albumin (HSA) was employed as a biocompatible nanocarrier for the encapsulation of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) to develop TA/HSA nanoparticles (TA/HSA NPs). The physicochemical characteristics and drug-release profile of the TA/HSA NPs were characterized. The in vitro cytocompatibility was evaluated in Hs68 fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. The therapeutic efficacy of TA/HSA NPs was further evaluated in an inflammatory knee arthritis model following intra-articular administration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This system could significantly decrease the direct cytotoxicity of TA and achieve rapid and sustained release of TA in the joint cavity by reducing the crystallization properties of TA. Due to the sustained release of TA from TA/HSA NPs, the intra-articular injection of TA/HSA NPs could reduce inflammation-induced knee swelling, extend its anti-inflammatory effects, and thereby protect against cartilage erosion and condyle damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TA/HSA NPs represent a promising intra-articular drug delivery strategy for inflammatory arthritis. The formulation reduced the cytotoxicity of TA and provided sustained drug release in vitro, while demonstrating enhanced anti-inflammatory and cartilage-protective effects in an MIA-induced arthritis model.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"627313"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13643222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}