International Journal of Nanomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Photothermal Antibacterial Effect of Gold Nanostars Coating on Titanium Implant and Its Osteogenic Performance.","authors":"Li Li, Jiayao Wu, Linru Liu, Pei Zhang, Yilin Zhang, Zixin Zhou, Xu Gao, Shengjun Sun","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S519183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S519183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Titanium implants are widely used in dentistry due to their mechanical strength and biocompatibility, yet their biological inertness and lack of antimicrobial properties contribute to high failure rates from poor osseointegration and infections like peri-implantitis. To address these limitations, this study developed a gold nanostar (GNS)-coated titanium implant (Ti-GNS) and systematically evaluated its osteogenic and photothermal antibacterial functions. The research aimed to enhance osseointegration through surface modification while leveraging GNS's photothermal effect for on-demand antibacterial activity, offering a dual-functional strategy to improve implant performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>GNSs were synthesized and anchored onto titanium surfaces through surface modification via silanization. Material characterization included morphological, elemental, and photothermal analyses. In vitro experiments assessed osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (ALP activity, mineralization, gene/protein expression) and antibacterial efficacy against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli </i>under NIR. In vivo performance was evaluated by implanting Ti, Ti-Si (silanized), and Ti-GNS in rat femurs, followed by micro-CT and histological analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Silanization and GNS deposition optimized titanium surfaces by significantly enhancing wettability and nanoscale roughness, while photothermal activation under NIR irradiation demonstrated temperature-dependent responsiveness. Furthermore, in vivo evaluations confirmed Ti-GNS biocompatibility and revealed enhanced osteogenic potential through promoted cell adhesion, proliferation, as well as osteoinductive marker expression. Notably, the Ti-GNS group exhibited superior osseointegration alongside stable antimicrobial efficacy post-NIR exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GNS-coated titanium implants synergistically enhance osteogenesis and provide NIR-responsive antibacterial activity. The modified surface improved cell interactions and bone formation while achieving near-complete bacterial elimination under light activation. This dual-functional strategy addresses key challenges in implantology, though long-term stability and clinical translation require further investigation. The study establishes a foundation for photothermal antimicrobial implants with significant potential in dental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"5983-5999"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-Based Intelligent Microneedles for Delivery of Amphotericin B Loaded Oleosomes: Antifungal Ocular Patch Targeting for Effective Against Fungal Keratitis Using Rabbit Model via TLR4/NLRP3 Pathway.","authors":"Sammar Fathy Elhabal, Saeed Abdul-Kareem Saeed Al-Zuhairy, Mohamed Fathi Mohamed Elrefai, Mohamed A El-Nabarawi, Sandra Hababeh, Kristina Zarif Attalla, Mai S Shoela, Jakline Nelson, Marwa Fady, Nahla A Elzohairy, Mariam E Amin, Heba Sabry Ahmed, Tassneim M Ewedah, Ibrahim Mousa, Ahmed Mohsen Elsaid Hamdan","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S514798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S514798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fungal keratitis (FK), a major cause of blindness, remains challenging to treat due to poor drug penetration and antifungal resistance. Amphotericin-B (AmB), a water-insoluble and low-permeability, necessitates innovative delivery systems to improve its therapeutic efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>AmB was encapsulated within oleosomes (Ole) prepared using the ethanol injection method, using phosphatidylcholine (Lipoid S100) and sodium oleate, resulting in nanosized spherical globules. The optimized Ole were characterized, then the selected Ole were incorporated into sodium polyacrylate/PEG/chitosan-based microneedles (AmB-Ole/MNs) to improve ocular delivery by creating transient microchannels on the eye surface.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized Ole showed a droplet size of (175 ± 0.78 nm), polydispersity index of (0.33 ± 0.04), zeta potential of (31 ± 0.43 mV), high entrapment efficiency (91±0.63%), and improved stability, bioavailability, and controlled drug release. The AmB-Ole/MNs system increases corneal penetration and contact time via transient microchannels in the eye surface, achieving sustained drug delivery over 72 hours with 70% ex vivo permeation over 80 hours compared to AmB. In vitro antifungal activity and histopathological examination showed that the AmB-Ole/MNs system has potent biofilm disruption (>90%) and 27 mm and 32 mm zones of inhibition against <i>Candida albicans</i> and Aspergillus niger, respectively. The Cytotoxicity test showed reduced AmB toxicity with biocompatibility and in vivo <i>rabbit model</i>, ocular tolerance by targeting TLR4/NLRP3 pathways and histopathological studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The AmB-Ole/MNs system as an innovative ocular delivery platform for fungal keratitis offers sustained drug release, enhanced permeation, potent antifungal activity, and reduced toxicity. AmB-Ole/MNs showed promise for ocular AmB delivery for FK.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"5949-5981"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carboxylic Acid- and Amine-Modified Pluronic F127-Based Thermoresponsive Nanogels as Smart Carriers for Brain Drug Delivery.","authors":"Abegaz Tizazu Andrgie, Cheng-Han Liao, Tsung-Yun Wu, Hsueh-Hui Yang, Horng-Jyh Harn, Shinn-Zong Lin, Yu-Shuan Chen, Hsieh-Chih Tsai","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S507362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S507362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical protective barrier that regulates the exchange of substances between the circulatory system and brain, restricting the access of drugs to brain tissues. Developing novel delivery strategies across the BBB is challenging but crucial. Multifunctional nanogels are promising drug carriers for delivering therapeutic agents to their intended target areas in the brain tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study introduced carboxylic acid- and amine-modified Pluronic F127 (ADF127 and EDF127)-based thermoresponsive nanogel systems as drug nanocarriers for brain tissues. The release profiles of 3-butylidenephthalide (BP) from the nanogels were investigated in vitro in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) at 37 °C for 48 h. Additionally, the accumulation of DiR-labeled nanogels in vital organs was observed using fluorescence imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A relatively sustained BP release (27%) from ADF127, followed by rapid BP release (39%) from Pluronic F127 within the first 4 h were observed. In vivo studies using the C57BL/6JNarl mouse model showed that intravenously administered BP-loaded copolymeric nanogels exhibited a rapid BP distribution to the liver, spleen, heart, and kidney. DiR fluorescence intensity in the brain increased in the order Pluronic F127 < ADF127 < EDF127 copolymeric nanogels. Although the fluorescence intensity of DiR in the brain tissue was relatively lower than those in other vital organs, the DiR-labeled EDF127 copolymeric nanogels showed approximately 10-fold higher fluorescence intensity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Positively charged drug carrier nanomaterials demonstrate a higher propensity for transfer through the BBB, significantly expanding the applicability of positively charged EDF127 nanogels as nanocarriers for in vivo brain tissue treatment and imaging. Therefore, owing to their increased permeability across the BBB, carboxylic acid- and amine-modified Pluronic F127 nanogels (EDF127 and ADF127) will also offer a promising approach for brain tissue treatment and imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"5893-5905"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoplasmonic Biosensors: A Comprehensive Overview and Future Prospects.","authors":"Chinmaya Mutalik, Shashwat Sharma, Sibidou Yougbaré, Chih-Yu Chen, Tsung-Rong Kuo","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S521442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S521442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent nanotechnological advancements have resulted in a paradigm shift in biosensing applications through the advent of nanoplasmonic biosensors. These devices integrate nanomaterials with phenomena like surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR) to address the critical diagnostic and analytical needs across medicine, food safety, and drug discovery. Leveraging metals like gold and silver, these sensors exhibit enhanced optical and electronic properties, enabling the detection of biomolecules at ultralow concentrations. However, despite their transformative potential, challenges concerning stability, reproducibility, cost-efficiency, and scalability impede widespread implementation. This review offers a rigorous analysis of nanoplasmonic biosensors, emphasizing their underlying operational mechanisms and diverse applications. It also delves into design paradigms, fabrication protocols, and optimization strategies while concurrently examining prevailing challenges and prospective advancements. Furthermore, it highlights emerging trends, such as hybrid plasmonic nanostructures, conferring advantages in miniaturization, automation, and high-throughput analysis, thereby establishing a robust foundation for future innovation in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"5817-5836"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary Extracellular Vesicle Analysis Reveals Early Signs of Kidney Inflammation and Damage in Single Ventricle Paediatric Patients After Fontan Operation.","authors":"Cristina Grange, Luca Deorsola, Beatrice Degiovanni, Dario Tomanin, Diego Prudente, Licia Peruzzi, Carlo Pace Napoleone, Benedetta Bussolati","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S483534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S483534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extracellular vesicles present in urine (uEVs) are gaining considerable interest as biomarkers, to monitor and predict kidney physio-pathological state. Patients with single ventricle defects and hemodynamic stabilization by Fontan intervention may develop kidney dysfunction as one of the most prevalent extracardiac co-morbidity. Our study aimed to characterize uEVs in children with single ventricle heart defects who underwent Fontan surgery, focusing on markers for monitoring and predicting kidney function, to get physio-pathological insights on possible mechanisms of tissue damage and progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We isolated uEVs from urine of 60 paediatric patients affected by single ventricle defects, and from 10 healthy subjects. We analysed uEVs to assess the presence of the reno-protective hormone Klotho, using super resolution microscopy of single uEVs and ELISA. Moreover, we analysed the levels of markers of kidney regeneration, such as CD133 and CD24, and of inflammation using a bead-based cytofluorimetric multiplex analysis. The markers' levels were correlated with patients' demographical, clinical and surgical data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>uEVs from children with single ventricle defects showed reduced levels of Klotho and CD133, compared with the ones of healthy subjects. In parallel, the levels of inflammatory markers (CD3, CD56, and HLA-DR) were significantly higher. Interestingly, levels of inflammatory markers correlated with age of patients and distance from surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that single ventricle patients, who underwent Fontan's surgery, present altered levels of uEV biomarkers related to regeneration, inflammation and fibrosis, suggesting the presence of early signs of kidney damage and inflammation, compatible with the complexity of the pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"5907-5922"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Spatiotemporal Manipulation of Engineered Bacteria for Precision Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Xueke Chang, Xiaolin Liu, Xiumei Wang, Lin Ma, Jing Liang, Yan Li","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S516523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S516523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Solid tumours possess a hypoxic and immunosuppressive microenvironment, presenting a significant challenge to anticancer treatments. Certain anaerobic microorganisms thrive in this setting, rendering them promising candidates for targeted antitumour therapy delivery. In contrast to traditional nanodrug delivery systems, bacterial-based drug delivery systems can be engineered to produce and secrete therapeutics without the need for intricate post-purification or protective delivery methods. Nevertheless, bacteria can potentially migrate beyond their intended niche, causing off-target drug release and substantial toxicity to healthy tissues. Consequently, to enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatments while minimizing side effects, it is essential to precisely manipulate bacteria for accurate and controlled drug delivery directly to the tumour site. This can be achieved by employing inducible or repressible systems that allow for precise regulation of gene expression at specific times and locations. Ideally, engineering bacteria capable of rapidly and precisely transitioning between \"on\" and \"off\" states as required will enable them to recognize and react to targeted stimuli. While various techniques such as optical, magnetic, acoustic, and hyperbaric oxygen micromanipulation have been developed for the manipulation of particles or cells, each technique boasts its unique set of pros and cons. This review article provides an updated overview of the recent progress in the spatiotemporal control of engineered bacteria via these methods and discusses the benefits and constraints of each approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"5859-5872"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Applications of Pickering Emulsions in Pharmaceutical Formulations: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Xingyue Wang, Na Tian, Lili He, Zhixiang Yuan, Lu Han","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S514928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S514928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past two decades, particle-stabilized Pickering emulsions (PEs) have emerged as a versatile platform in pharmaceutical formulations, demonstrating distinct advantages over surfactant-based systems through enhanced stability, reduced toxicity, and tunable interfacial properties. These systems exhibit unique drug delivery potential through their precisely controllable architecture, particularly in achieving spatiotemporal drug release patterns, tissue-specific targeting, and enhanced therapeutic payload encapsulation. In this review, the characteristics of PEs are first detailed, followed by an introduction to the main preparation methods and the key parameters for controlling the type, droplet size, and stability of PEs. The third section categorizes and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various solid particles as emulsifiers. Lastly, emphasis is placed on the application of PEs in the pharmaceutical field, including functionalized designs and various administration routes to enlighten the rational design of PEs for effective drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"5923-5947"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12067652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles Affect Both Cognitive and Memory Function by Disrupting Copper Output in Neuronal Cells in a Rat Model.","authors":"Manjia Zheng, Ziwei Chen, Jiling Xie, Qiyuan Yang, Minhua Mo, Liangjiao Chen","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S515951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S515951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cerebral cortex is the foundation of cognitive function, and an imbalance in copper homeostasis in the cerebral cortex may cause cognitive and memory dysfunction. Metal exposure may disrupt copper (Cu) homeostasis in cells, leading to cognitive impairment. Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y₂O₃ NPs) are widely used in the biomedical field and have potential neurotoxicity. However, the influence of Y₂O₃ NPs on cognitive memory function in the brain is currently unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effects of Y₂O₃ NPs on cognitive and memory function were evaluated by rat behavioural experiments after intraperitoneal injection in a rat model. Subsequently, histological analysis was conducted on the cerebral cortex, and the Cu content and expression levels of cuproptosis-related proteins were detected both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the copper output protein Cu transporting alpha polypeptide (ATP7A) was screened and detected at the mRNA and protein levels. Plasmid transfection experiments further confirmed that Y₂O₃ NPs mediate disordered Cu output through ATP7A.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Y₂O₃ NP exposure induced cognitive and memory dysfunction in rats. This effect was related to the disruption of copper homeostasis in neuronal cells caused by Y₂O₃ NPs, which induced cuproptosis. Further research revealed that Y₂O₃ NPs downregulate ATP7A expression, thus disrupting copper output and inducing cuproptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Y₂O₃ NPs induce cognitive and memory dysfunction by mediating the disruption of copper output in neuronal cells, revealing the toxicity of Y₂O₃ NPs to neurons. These findings contribute to their safe application in the biomedical field.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"5799-5815"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intranasal Delivery of BACE1 siRNA and Berberine via Engineered Stem Cell Exosomes for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Chunbin Sun, Shuang Sha, Yubang Shan, Xiaoyu Gao, Liang Li, Cencan Xing, Zhongbao Guo, Hongwu Du","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S506793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S506793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disease. AD accounts for 60%-70% of all dementia cases, ranking as the seventh leading cause of death globally. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) characterized by their abundant availability and low immunogenicity, have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential for AD in both preclinical studies and clinical trials. The use of exosomes can help mitigate the issues associated with cellular therapies. However, the clinical application of hUC-MSCs remains challenging due to their inability to effectively traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach pathological sites. Therapeutic strategies utilizing exosomes derived from hUC-MSCs (Exos) have emerged as an effective approach for AD intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we used ultrasound to construct multifunctional Exos (MsEVB@R/siRNA) for AD therapy. We obtained small interfering RNA for β-site precursor protein lyase-1 (BACE1 siRNA) and berberine for co-delivery into the brain. Berberine, a classical anti-inflammatory agent, effectively alleviates neuroinflammation in AD pathogenesis. BACE1 serves as the pivotal cleavage enzyme in amyloid β-protein (Aβ) formation, where silencing BACE1 synthesis through BACE1 siRNA significantly reduces Aβ production. In a 5xFAD mouse model, Exos selectively targeted microglial and neuronal cells after nasal delivery under the action of neural cell-targeting peptide rabies virus glycoprotein 29 (RVG29).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BACE1 siRNA and berberine (BBR) loading enhanced the effectiveness of Exos in improving cognitive function, promoting nerve repair and regeneration, reducing inflammatory cytokine expression, and suppressing glial responses. BACE1 siRNA release was confirmed to reduce BACE1 expression and Aβ deposition. Concurrently, berberine effectively suppressed the release of inflammatory factors, thereby reducing neuroinflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the nasal delivery of engineered exosomes is a potentially effective method for treating AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"5873-5891"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Nanoparticle-Mediated Ferroptosis in Glioma Therapy.","authors":"Lin Jing, Wenguang Xiao, Zhouxing Hu, Xu Liu, Mingqing Yuan","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S523008","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S523008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glioma, a highly malignant central nervous system tumor, exhibits aggressive invasiveness, extensive infiltration, and poor prognosis. Conventional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are hindered by limitations including the inability to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB), drug resistance, and high recurrence rates. Ferroptosis induced by nanoparticle-based systems offers an innovative strategy for glioma therapy by efficiently traversing the BBB, precisely delivering ferroptosis inducers, enhancing tumor accumulation, and enabling stimuli-responsive drug release. These features collectively improve the induction efficiency of ferroptosis in glioma cells. Various nanoplatforms, including inorganic nanoparticles, biomimetic carriers, and polymer-based systems, have demonstrated potential in crossing the BBB, inducing ferroptosis, and suppressing glioma progression. These systems enhance reactive oxygen species generation, deplete glutathione, and disrupt tumor microenvironment defense mechanisms, achieving synergistic therapeutic effects. The integration of ferroptosis with nanotechnology is emerging as a promising, non-invasive strategy for the treatment of gliomas, offering substantial therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"5779-5797"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}