International Journal of Nanomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles in Skin: Biological Function and Therapeutic Potential.","authors":"Siqi Yuan, Mengyu Jin, Yanyan Zhang, Mengting Zhang, Minjia Yuan, Xiaolei Ding, Juan Wang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S548986","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S548986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale, lipid bilayer-enclosed particles containing bioactive molecules that play crucial roles in tissue homeostasis. These vesicles regulate cellular functions via delivery of protein, lipid, and nucleic acid cargos to target cells, thereby orchestrating essential biological processes, including cellular proliferation, activation, angiogenesis, and immune responses. The past decade has witnessed unprecedented growth in research examining EV functions in cutaneous physiology and pathogenesis. Here, we describe the biogenesis, composition and cellular uptake of EVs, critically highlighting the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of EVs from mammalian, plant and bacterial cells in skin diseases, including skin wound healing, hair growth, aging, inflammatory diseases and cancers. In addition, we discuss clinical translation challenges and outline future research directions for advancing EV-based therapeutics in clinical dermatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"11211-11233"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12442902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ti₃C₂Tx MXene Potentiates PSAT1-Mediated Osteogenesis Through miR-665/GSK-3β/β-Catenin Axis to Counteract Inflammation-Induced Bone Loss.","authors":"Jinlong Zhang, Xinyang Wang, Jingwen Xiao, Hongxiang Hong, Jiajia Chen, Chunshuai Wu, Guanhua Xu, Zhiming Cui","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S521957","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S521957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Inflammatory signaling-induced stem cell dysfunction severely impairs bone regeneration. This study aimed to develop a combinatorial strategy using Ti₃C₂T_x MXene scaffolds and PSAT1-engineered dental pulp stem cells (oe-PSAT1 DPSCs) to counteract inflammation-mediated osteogenic suppression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were treated with TNF-α to simulate an inflammatory microenvironment. miR-665 expression and its targeting relationship with PSAT1 were analyzed via qRT-PCR, dual-luciferase reporter assay, and Western blot. The role of the miR-665/PSAT1/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis in osteogenic differentiation was evaluated using ALP activity, alizarin red staining, and immunofluorescence. Ti₃C₂T_x MXene was synthesized and characterized, and its effects on ROS scavenging and osteogenesis were assessed in vitro. In vivo efficacy was validated using a rat calvarial defect model with micro-CT, histological staining, and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TNF-α stimulation upregulated miR-665, which directly targeted PSAT1 and inhibited the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, suppressing DPSCs osteogenic differentiation. PSAT1 overexpression rescued this suppression. Ti₃C₂T_x MXene scavenged ROS, enhanced calcium-dependent mineralization, and synergized with oe-PSAT1 DPSCs to amplify β-catenin activation. In rat models, the Ti₃C₂T_x MXene /oe-PSAT1 DPSCs combination achieved superior bone defect closure (higher BV/TV, Tb. Th, and mature collagen deposition) compared to Ti₃C₂T_x MXene alone.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study identifies the miR-665/PSAT1/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis as a key regulator of inflammatory osteogenesis. The Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/oe-PSAT1 DPSCs strategy concurrently neutralizes oxidative stress and activates osteogenic signaling, providing a translatable platform for inflammatory bone regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"11151-11168"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12439703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Transplantation: A Paradigm Shift in Osteoporosis Therapy.","authors":"Jianlin Shen, Yue Lai, Qingping Peng, Xuan Lin, Shuxuan Chen, Liuqian Guo, Miao Xu, Yanjin Lu, Jiangqi Zhu, Xiaoning Lin, Cheng Zhang, Huan Liu","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S537166","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S537166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis, a global health crisis marked by compromised bone mineral density and heightened fracture susceptibility, demands innovative therapeutic strategies beyond conventional anti-resorptive approaches. Mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by impaired bioenergetics, oxidative stress overload, and calcium dysregulation, has emerged as a central driver of osteoblast-osteoclast imbalance. Recent breakthroughs in mitochondrial transplantation (MT)-a revolutionary modality involving the transfer of functional mitochondria to metabolically compromised cells-have demonstrated unprecedented efficacy in preclinical osteoporosis models, restoring bone mass, microarchitecture, and mechanical strength. This review synthesizes cutting-edge insights into mitochondrial dynamics in bone homeostasis, dissects the molecular cascades linking mitochondrial failure to osteoporotic pathogenesis, and critically evaluates MT's potential to redefine osteoporosis management. We also discuss novel mechanisms of intercellular mitochondrial trafficking within the osteocyte dendritic network, explore bioengineered delivery platforms (eg, immunomodulatory hydrogels, nanoparticle-encapsulated mitochondria), and address emerging challenges in clinical translation, including donor source optimization, immune compatibility, and CRISPR-engineered mitochondrial genomes. By integrating single-cell omics data and AI-driven mitochondrial viability predictors, this work charts a roadmap for personalized mitochondrial medicine, positioning MT as a cornerstone of next-generation osteoporosis therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"11169-11196"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12441316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145086137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peri-Lymph Node Tattooing with Carbon Nanoparticles Suspension: A Novel Strategy for Targeted Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer.","authors":"Jiayang Li, Nengying Zhang, Zhongliang Yan, Yi Luo, Guoli Feng, Zeyu Hou, Taolang Li, Junyuan Lv","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S541016","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S541016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, with neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) increasingly used for management. Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) is a promising approach post-NST, but current marker technologies have limitations. This study evaluated the feasibility and diagnostic efficacy of peri-lymph node tattooing with carbon nanoparticles suspension (CNS) for TAD in breast cancer patients following NST.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty breast cancer patients with suspicious axillary lymph nodes were prospectively included. Each underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of a suspected lymph node, followed by CNS tattooing under ultrasound guidance. Patients were categorized into cN(-) and cN(+) groups based on FNAB results. Post-NST, they underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with TAD or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), with histopathological examination of removed lymph nodes. Interactive 3D surface plots were generated and the proportion of CNS-stained area was quantified to assess its distribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CNS successfully marked lymph nodes without adverse events, primarily in surrounding soft tissues. In the cN(-) group, all SLNB and TAD cases were negative for TLN. In the cN(+) group, 10/18 patients had negative TLN post-NST, while 9 had positive TLN. The method showed 88.9% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 95.5% NPV, and 100% PPV, with 96.7% overall diagnostic accuracy. Quantification of the proportion of CNS-stained area revealed 0.10 ± 0.09% in the TLN and 42.61 ± 13.45% in the surrounding tissue (p < 0.05), consistent with the interactive 3D surface plot analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Peri-lymph node tattooing with CNS is a feasible and effective strategy for TAD post-NST, improving surgical precision and reducing morbidity. Further large-scale, multi-center trials are needed to validate these findings and assess long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"11119-11126"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12439701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BPEI-Stabilized Photocatalytic Au/Titania Nanoclusters with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity for Wound Healing Applications.","authors":"Junheng Ke, Linhai Jiang, Qi Sun, Sifang Wu, Houbing Zheng, Jialin Ye, Haisu Zheng, Yi Zhong, Da Huang, Yuanzi Wu, Biao Wang, Zuquan Weng","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S520784","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S520784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Wound healing requires dressings with bactericidal effects, where photocatalysis utilizes solar energy to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for microbial inactivation. However, most photocatalysts depend on non-visible light, hindering solar-driven therapies. This study developed visible light-responsive Au/Titania/BPEI (TAB) nanoclusters embedded in PDMS, offering enhanced stability, antimicrobial efficacy, and resistance-free antibacterial action.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TAB composites were synthesized as photocatalytic dressings, with Au nanoclusters enhancing visible-light activity. Characterization included XPS, BET, FTIR, XRD, SEM/TEM, and reflectance spectroscopy. Antibacterial performance was evaluated against pathogens under visible light (0-150 mW/cm²) using in vitro (3T3 cytotoxicity) and in vivo murine models, with ROS mechanisms analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TA composites achieved 80% bacterial inhibition within 30 minutes of visible light exposure, attributed to ROS generation that disrupts bacterial DNA, membranes, and proteins. BPEI integration enhanced photocatalytic stability by reducing Au_x aggregation and sustaining efficacy across light intensities (20-150 mW/cm²) with retained activity (>70% inhibition) even at saturation thresholds. In vivo models demonstrated reduced pro-inflammatory responses and accelerated healing, while 3T3 assays confirmed high biocompatibility (cell viability >90%).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This visible light-activated system provides a resistance-free antibacterial alternative to antibiotics and alcohol-based disinfectants. While TA composites effectively address bacterial infections, limitations include residual bacteria (20% survival) and untested efficacy against fungi/viruses. Future work will optimize material performance for near-complete pathogen eradication and integrate biosensors for real-time infection monitoring. The adaptability of our platform to diverse light environments (sunlight to indoor lighting) and ROS-driven mechanism highlights its potential for clinical translation in combating multidrug-resistant infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"11197-11210"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12439693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primed Extracellular Vesicles as a Nanotherapeutic Strategy to Enhance Granulosa Cell Function in a Model of Premature Ovarian Insufficiency and Hormonal Decline.","authors":"Ju-Sheng Shieh, Yu-Tang Chin, Jiong Jiong Guo, Hsien-Chung Chiu, Hui-Rong Cheng, Hung-Han Hsu, Chuang-Yen Huang, Yu-Hsuan Chen, Ya-Yu Hsieh, Fung-Wei Chang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S533393","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S533393","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by granulosa cell (GC) dysfunction, reduced steroidogenesis, and hypoestrogenism, often secondary to chemotherapy. Despite advancements in regenerative medicine, cell-free nanotherapies remain underexplored for POI treatment.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of primed avian mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (primed AMSC-sEVs) in a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced GC injury model, mimicking POI-associated hormonal dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primed AMSC-sEVs were characterized in terms of particle size, concentration, and zeta potential using the Exoid TRPS and electrophoretic mobility platforms. Functional comparisons between primed and naïve AMSC-sEVs were conducted in human granulosa cells (hGCs), evaluating cell viability, apoptosis, steroidogenesis, and ovarian function-associated gene expression. miRNA content was assessed by next-generation sequencing and qRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Primed AMSC-sEVs displayed a smaller, more uniform size distribution, significantly enhanced particle concentration, and greater negative zeta potential (mean -24.4 mV vs -13.3 mV), suggesting improved colloidal stability. In vitro, primed sEVs dose-dependently enhanced hGC proliferation, restored CTX-induced suppression of AMH, FSHR, and LHCGR, and elevated estradiol and progesterone levels. Apoptotic markers (cleaved Caspase-3, BAX, PARP) were reduced, while BCL-2 was upregulated. Key miRNAs involved in steroidogenic and apoptotic regulation (miR-21, miR-22, miR-23b, miR-145, miR-199a) were enriched in primed sEVs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Primed AMSC-sEVs offer a promising nanotherapeutic strategy to restore ovarian cell function in POI-like conditions via enhanced anti-apoptotic and steroidogenic effects. These findings support the translational potential of Primed sEVs for fertility preservation and the management of menopausal hormone deficiency, including early-stage ovarian insufficiency and genitourinary syndrome of menopause.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"11099-11117"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12435526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Functional Magnetic Nanocrystals for Tumor Mitochondria-Targeted Magnetic Hyperthermia Combined with Enhanced Radiotherapy.","authors":"Yue Zong, Jie He, Yichun Wu, Jingwen Qin, Mingyan Zhao, Xingyu Zhu, Jun Xie, Haitao Yin","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S535222","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S535222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, a fluorescent magnetic nanomaterial with mitochondrial targeting property (Fe₃O₄@DPPC@DMPE-PEG₂₀₀₀-LOD@IR780, FDLI) was successfully prepared. We found that FDLI-mediated targeted magnetic hyperthermia (TMH) increases the sensitivity of tumor to radiotherapy (RT). The related underlying mechanisms have also been revealed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The crystal structure, chemical composition, magnetic properties, optical characteristics and enzyme-like activity of FDLI were systematically elevated. The mitochondrial targeting ability, anti-tumor efficacy, and RT sensitization potential of FDLI were validated in vitro using breast cancer 4T1 cells. Additionally, a subcutaneous breast tumor transplantation mouse model was established to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of FDLI, and an optimized in vivo treatment protocol was assessed. Following intravenous administration of FDLI in mice, the diagnostic and therapeutic effects were evaluated using FDLI-mediated multimodal imaging diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following mitochondrial targeting of tumor cells, FDLI induced localized TMH and exhibited peroxidase-like activity to generate ·OH, which selectively disrupted the mitochondrial membranes of tumor cells, resulting in reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and elevated lipid peroxidation. Meanwhile, FDLI increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels while reducing glutathione (GSH) levels, thereby promoting ferroptosis in tumor cells and enhancing the sensitivity to synergistic RT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FDLI can effectively inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, prolonging the survival of tumor-bearing mice through the combined effects of TMH and RT. Our study provides a clinical basis for the development of FDLI as a high-performance agent for integrated tumor diagnosis and therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"11127-11150"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12435384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melanin@PLGA/Nuciferine Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photothermal Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Promoting Autophagy.","authors":"Yingxuan Mao, Xinling Du, Weidong Wang, Tianxiu Dong, Mingwei Zhu, Jiamei Niu, Mingming Li, Jian Jiang, Linlin Han, Xiuhua Yang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S536620","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S536620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The advent of nanotechnology has enabled photothermal therapy (PTT) to emerge as a novel, noninvasive modality for thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the thermal stress induced by PTT can trigger autophagy in tumor cells, contributing to treatment resistance. Consequently, a promising strategy to enhance PTT efficacy involves concurrently disrupting tumor cell autophagy, given that autophagy overactivation can ultimately induce cell death.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MPN was designed for precise magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of HCC and guidance of PTT for HCC. PTT-mediated heating accelerated nuciferine release from the MPN. The released nuciferine then promoted autophagosome formation and autophagic degradation, thereby enhancing PTT efficacy via autophagy overactivation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MPN successfully encapsulated melanin and loaded nuciferine, exhibiting favorable encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading capacity. Upon 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, MPN exhibited excellent photothermal conversion efficiency and robust stability. In vitro experiments confirmed that nuciferine effectively promoted autophagosome maturation in HCC cells, with enhanced autophagy induction observed when it was combined with PTT. Furthermore, MPN exhibited high MRI contrast. In vivo studies validated its selective accumulation in HCC tumors, enabling safe and effective thermal ablation and subsequent suppression of post ablation HCC growth via autophagy overexpression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MPN enhanced the T1-weighted MRI signal for accurate tumor localization and demonstrated superior photothermal properties. Moreover, MPN potentiated PTT by inducing autophagy overactivation in HCC cells, thereby enhancing ablation efficacy and inhibiting post-PTT tumor growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"11081-11097"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bosentan Delivery via Nano Metal-Organic Framework nanoMIL-89 Restores Vascular Homeostasis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.","authors":"Mashael A Al-Badr, Hanan H Abunada, Richa Gill, Hend S Fayed, Ayman Al Haj Zen, Mohammad A Al-Ghouti, Md Mizanur Rahman, Nura A Mohamed, Haissam Abou-Saleh","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S535437","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S535437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive vascular disorder characterized by endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle proliferation, and inflammation. Current treatments, such as Bosentan (an endothelin receptor antagonist), are limited by systemic toxicity and a short half-life. This study aimed to evaluate a nanomedicine formulation of Bosentan using the iron-based metal-organic framework MIL-89 (nanoMIL-89) as a targeted drug delivery platform.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bosentan-loaded nanoMIL-89 (Bosentan@nanoMIL-89) was synthesized and characterized using microscopy, XRD, FTIR, and HPLC. In vitro assays were conducted on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) under both basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bosentan@nanoMIL-89 exhibited no significant cytotoxic or genotoxic effects while maintaining cellular viability. Under basal conditions, it reduced CXCL8 expression by up to 64.38% in HUVECs and 43.34% in HPASMCs. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions, CXCL8 suppression was further enhanced to 94.20% in HUVECs and 58.14% in HPASMCs. In HUVECs, Bosentan@nanoMIL-89 also decreased endothelin-1 (ET-1) release by up to 96.68% and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by 46.17% under non-inflammatory conditions. These dose-dependent effects underscore its potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, Bosentan@nanoMIL-89 promoted angiogenic activity in HUVECs, suggesting therapeutic potential for vascular repair.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight Bosentan@nanoMIL-89 as a promising nanotherapeutic platform for PAH. By improving efficacy while mitigating systemic side effects, this approach reinforces the broader potential of MOF-based drug delivery systems in the management of vascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"11045-11060"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emerging Roles of Nano Drug Delivery Systems in Treatment of Osteoporosis-Current Knowledge, Challenges and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Peng Yin, Shilin Dong, Jiaoyang Yu, Zhengnan Zhao, Yunxiang Hu","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S539879","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S539879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoporosis (OP) is a degenerative bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue microstructure, which increases skeletal fragility and the risk of fractures. Currently, the drugs used clinically to treat OP are primarily classified into two types: bone resorption inhibitors and bone formation promoters. Although they demonstrate certain efficacy, most anti-OP medications do not specifically target bone tissue and may produce significant side effects. In recent years, bone-targeted therapies nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) for OP have gained attention due to their high drug loading capacity, strong targeting ability, ease of modification, and good biocompatibility. These characteristics effectively address the limitations of traditional therapies and have been widely applied in the treatment of OP. Therefore, this article systematically summarizes recent applications of NDDSs (including inorganic, organic, biogenic, and hybrid systems) in the treatment of OP, focusing on targeting design strategies, in vitro and in vivo efficacy validation, and clinical translation challenges, aiming to provide theoretical references for the development of the next generation of targeted nanomedicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"11061-11079"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12433661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}