International Journal of Nanomedicine最新文献

{"title":"From Plant Based Therapy to Plant-Derived Vesicle-Like Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment: Past, Present and Future.","authors":"Ye An, Jian-Xuan Sun, Si-Yang Ma, Meng-Yao Xu, Jin-Zhou Xu, Chen-Qian Liu, Shao-Gang Wang, Qi-Dong Xia","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S499893","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S499893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer stands as a formidable malady profoundly impacting human health. Throughout history, plant-based therapies have remained pivotal in the arsenal against cancer, evolving alongside the epochs. Presently, challenges such as the arduous extraction of active components and potential safety concerns impede the progression of plant-based anticancer therapies. The isolation of plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles (PDVLNs), a kind of lipid bilayer capsules isolated from plants, has brought plant-based anticancer therapy into a novel realm and has led to decades of research on PDVLNs. Accumulating evidence indicates that PDVLNs can deliver plant-derived active substances to human cells and regulate cellular functions. Regulating immunity, inducing cell cycle arrest, and promoting apoptosis in cancer cells are the most commonly reported mechanisms of PDVLNs in tumor suppression. Low immunogenicity and lack of tumorigenicity make PDVLNs a good platform for drug delivery. The molecules within the PDVLNs are all from source plants, so the selection of source plants is crucial. In recent years, there has been a clear trend that the source plants have changed from vegetables or fruits to medicinal plants. This review highlights the mechanisms of medicinal plant-based cancer therapies to identify candidate source plants. More importantly, the current research on PDVLN-based cancer therapy and the applications of PDVLNs for drug delivery are systematically discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"3471-3491"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extensive Review of Nanomedicine Strategies Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment in PDAC.","authors":"Xing Liu, Yidan Shao, Yunjiang Li, Zuhua Chen, Tingting Shi, Qiao Tong, Xi Zou, Liping Ju, Jinming Pan, Rangxiao Zhuang, Xuwang Pan","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S504503","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S504503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest cancers in the world, mainly because of its powerful pro-connective tissue proliferation matrix and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which promote tumor progression and metastasis. In addition, the extracellular matrix leads to vascular collapse, increased interstitial fluid pressure, and obstruction of lymphatic return, thereby hindering effective drug delivery, deep penetration, and immune cell infiltration. Therefore, reshaping the TME to enhance tumor perfusion, increase deep drug penetration, and reverse immune suppression has become a key therapeutic strategy. Traditional therapies for PDAC, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, face significant limitations. Surgery is challenging due to tumor location and growth, while chemotherapy and radiation are hindered by the dense extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive TME. In recent years, the advancement of nanotechnology has provided new opportunities to improve drug efficacy. Nanoscale drug delivery systems (NDDSs) provide several advantages, including improved drug stability in vivo, enhanced tumor penetration, and reduced systemic toxicity. However, the clinical translation of nanotechnology in PDAC therapy faces several challenges. These include the need for precise targeting and control over drug release, potential immune responses to the nanocarriers, and the scalability and cost-effectiveness of production. This article provides an overview of the latest nanobased methods for achieving better therapeutic outcomes and overcoming drug resistance. We pay special attention to TME-targeted therapy in the context of PDAC, discuss the advantages and limitations of current strategies, and emphasize promising new developments. By emphasizing the enormous potential of NDDSs in improving the treatment outcomes of patients with PDAC, while critically discussing the limitations of traditional therapies and the challenges faced by nanotechnology in achieving clinical breakthroughs, our review paves the way for future research in this rapidly developing field.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"3379-3406"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of mRNA Delivery in Cancer Immunotherapy.","authors":"Xiaoyu Pan, Yang-Wen-Qing Zhang, Caixia Dai, Junyu Zhang, Minghe Zhang, Xi Chen","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S500520","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S500520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer treatment is continually advancing, with immunotherapy gaining prominence as a standard modality that has markedly improved the management of various malignancies. Despite these advancements, the efficacy of immunotherapy remains variable, with certain cancers exhibiting limited response and patient outcomes differing considerably. Thus, enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy is imperative. A promising avenue is mRNA delivery, employing carriers such as liposomes, peptide nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and exosomes to introduce mRNA cargos encoding tumor antigens, immune-stimulatory, or immune-modulatory molecules into the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). This method aims to activate the immune system to target and eradicate tumor cells. In this review, we introduce the characteristics and limitations of these carriers and summarize the application and mechanisms of currently prevalent cargos in mRNA-based tumor treatment. Additionally, given the significant clinical application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based cell therapies in solid tumors (including melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, triple-negative breast cancer, gastric cancer) and leukemia, which have become first-line treatments, we highlight and discuss recent progress in combining mRNA delivery with ICIs, CAR-T, CAR-NK, and CAR-macrophage therapies. This combination enhances the targeting capabilities and efficacy of ICIs and CAR-cell-based therapies, while also mitigating the long-term off-target toxicities associated with conventional methods. Finally, we analyze the limitations of current mRNA delivery systems, such as nuclease-induced mRNA instability, immunogenicity risks, complex carrier production, and knowledge gaps concerning dosing and safety. Addressing these challenges is crucial for unlocking the potential of mRNA in cancer immunotherapy. Overall, exploring mRNA delivery enriches our comprehension of cancer immunotherapy and holds promise for developing personalized and effective treatment strategies, potentially enhancing the immune responses of cancer patients and extending their survival time.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"3339-3361"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11928443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Advanced Is Nanomedicine for Atherosclerosis?","authors":"Xiang Gu, Lixin Du, Ruifang Lin, Zehui Ding, Zhihua Guo, Jiaming Wei, Ya Li","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S508757","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S508757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in nanotechnology have opened new avenues for precision therapy, personalized medicine, and multifunctional theranostics in atherosclerosis (AS). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of nanoparticles (NPs) in precision medicine for AS, discussing their applications, challenges, and future prospects. The review first analyzes the current treatment landscape of AS and outlines potential biological targets for therapy. Various nanocarriers, including organic, inorganic, and hybrid systems, are evaluated for their therapeutic potential, with a focus on targeted drug delivery, anti-inflammatory therapy, vascular repair, plaque stabilization, and lipid clearance. Additionally, the review explores NP preparation methods, emphasizing strategies to enhance drug loading, stability, and controlled release. Finally, the translational challenges of NP-based therapies, including biocompatibility, large-scale production, regulatory hurdles, and clinical implementation, are critically analyzed. Future directions highlight the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and technological innovation in advancing nanoparticle-based precision medicine for AS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"3445-3470"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11928726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles for Disease Treatment.","authors":"Fangyan Wang, Jiayin Feng, Anqi Jin, Yunyuan Shao, Mengen Shen, Jiaqi Ma, Lanjie Lei, Liangle Liu","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S506456","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S506456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional drug therapies suffer from problems such as easy drug degradation, side effects, and treatment resistance. Traditional disease diagnosis also suffers from high error rates and late diagnosis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale spherical lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by cells that carry various biologically active components and are integral to intercellular communication. EVs can be found in different body fluids and may reflect the state of the parental cells, making them ideal noninvasive biomarkers for disease-specific diagnosis. The multifaceted characteristics of EVs render them optimal candidates for drug delivery vehicles, with evidence suggesting their efficacy in the treatment of various ailments. However, poor stability and easy degradation of natural EVs have affected their applications. To solve the problems of poor stability and easy degradation of natural EVs, they can be engineered and modified to obtain more stable and multifunctional EVs. In this study, we review the shortcomings of traditional drug delivery methods and describe how to modify EVs to form engineered EVs to improve their utilization. An innovative stimulus-responsive drug delivery system for EVs has also been proposed. We also summarize the current applications and research status of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of different systemic diseases, and look forward to future research directions, providing research ideas for scholars.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"3303-3337"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11928757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red Blood Cell Membrane Vesicles for siRNA Delivery: A Biocompatible Carrier With Passive Tumor Targeting and Prolonged Plasma Residency.","authors":"Giulia Della Pelle, Bostjan Markelc, Tim Bozic, Jernej Šribar, Igor Krizaj, Kristina Zagar Soderznik, Samo Hudoklin, Mateja Erdani Kreft, Iztok Urbančič, Matic Kisovec, Marjetka Podobnik, Nina Kostevšek","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S504644","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S504644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite many advances in gene therapy, the delivery of small interfering RNAs is still challenging. Erythrocytes are the most abundant cells in the human body, and their membrane possesses unique features. From them, erythrocytes membrane vesicles can be generated, employable as nano drug delivery system with prolonged blood residence and high biocompatibility.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human erythrocyte ghosts were extruded in the presence of siRNA, and the objects were termed EMVs (erythrocyte membrane vesicles). An ultracentrifugation-based method was applied to select only the densest EMVs, ie, those containing siRNA. We evaluated their activity in vitro in B16F10 cells expressing fluorescent tdTomato and in vivo in B16F10 tumor-bearing mice after a single injection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The EMVs had a negative zeta potential, a particle size of 170 nm and excellent colloidal stability after one month of storage. With 0.3 nM siRNA, more than 75% gene knockdown was achieved in vitro, and 80% was achieved in vivo, at 2 days PI at 2.5 mg/kg. EMVs mostly accumulate around blood vessels in the lungs, brain and tumor. tdTomato fluorescence steadily decreased in tumor areas with higher EMVs concentration, which indicates efficient gene knockdown. Approximately 2% of the initial dose of EMVs was still present in the plasma after 2 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The entire production process of the purified siRNA-EMVs took approximately 4 hours. The erythrocyte marker CD47 offered protection against macrophage recognition in the spleen and in the blood. The excellent biocompatibility and pharmacokinetic properties of these materials make them promising platforms for future improvements, ie, active targeting and codelivery with conventional chemotherapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"3269-3301"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11921803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Modification of Wood Activated Carbon by CVD of NH₃ to Improve Its Micropore Volume and Adsorption to Carbamazepine.","authors":"Xun Zhou, Yue Zhong, Li He, Chengxin Sun, Guoxue Xiao, Hong Luo, Rongfen Ran, Changying Wu, Ting Zhang, Shuiping Ou, Yongke Zhong","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S495746","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S495746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study enhanced wood-activated carbon using ammonia chemical vapor deposition (NH₃-CVD) to improve its adsorption properties for carbamazepine (CBZ).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Modification was done in a vacuum tube sintering furnace. We used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for characterization and analysis. Kinetic adsorption and isothermal adsorption tests were carried out by UV spectrophotometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NH₃-CVD significantly increased the micropore volume and surface area, notably in the <i>W-6</i> sample, and raised the nitrogen content on the carbon surface. The adsorption capacity of modified activated carbon (<i>W-7</i>) reached 130.81 mg/g, outperforming the unmodified (<i>W-0</i>) at 72.46 mg/g. FTIR results indicated strong hydrogen bonding with CBZ molecules.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NH₃-CVD modification improves CBZ adsorption on wood activated carbon by increasing micropore volume and enhancing hydrogen bonding, confirming a single-layer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"3251-3267"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11923042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Dermal Delivery of Nanoparticulate Formulation of <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> Using Sponge Spicules for Atopic Dermatitis Treatment.","authors":"Youmei Jin, Chi Zhang, Mengnan Jia, Ming Chen","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S509798","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S509798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is closely linked to both genetic and environmental factors, with patients often exhibiting a range of immunological abnormalities, including a pronounced Th2-type overreaction, which is a key feature of the disease.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong><i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> has been shown to induce a robust Th1 immune response through intraperitoneal injections, potentially preventing the development of AD. In this study, a novel nanoparticulate formulation of <i>Cutibacterium acnes</i> (NFCA) was developed with the formulation optimization for the dermal delivery.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sponge <i>Haliclona</i> sp. spicules (SHS) were isolated from the explants of sponge <i>Haliclona sp</i>. with our proprietary method. The NFCA was prepared by high-speed grinding followed by film extrusion. The skin penetration of the model drugs in NFCA with SHS were visualized using confocal microscopy. The therapeutic effects of NFCA coupled with SHSs against AD in mice were assessed by using pathohistological examination and cytokine ELISA assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NFCA particle size was 254.1±39.4 nm, with a PDI of 0.29±0.08 and a Zeta potential of -7.9±0.6 mV. SHS significantly enhanced total skin absorption of FD10K (39.6±6.7%, <i>p</i>=0.00076) as well as deposition in the viable epidermis (3.2±1.6%, <i>p</i>=0.08) and deep skin (dermis & receptor) (36.0±5.9%, <i>p</i>=1.82E-5) compared to the control. In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that NFCA had low toxicity to HaCaT cells (IC50=63.8 mg/mL). The study confirmed that NFCA can activate immune signaling pathways, promoting the high expression of IL-6 and IL-8 in keratinocytes, enhancing TNF-α and IL-1β expression in macrophages, and inducing Th1 and Th17-type immune responses. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the dermal delivery of NFCA using SHS in vivo significantly reduced epidermal thickness, serum IgE levels, and tissue IL-4 levels, thereby accelerating skin repair and mitigating Th2 polarization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SHS were employed to effectively deliver NFCA to the deeper skin layers to exert its immune functions. Moreover, the combination of SHS and NFCA can significantly cure mice with atopic dermatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"3235-3249"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming Biological Barriers in Cancer Therapy: Cell Membrane-Based Nanocarrier Strategies for Precision Delivery.","authors":"Yuping Li, Hongfang Sun, Dianchao Cao, Yang Guo, Dongyang Wu, Menghao Yang, Hongming Wang, Xiaowei Shao, Youjie Li, Yan Liang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S497510","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S497510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the unique capabilities of natural cell membranes, such as prolonged blood circulation and homotypic targeting, extensive research has been devoted to developing cell membrane-inspired nanocarriers for cancer therapy, while most focused on overcoming one or a few biological barriers. In fact, the journey of nanosystems from systemic circulation to tumor cells involves intricate processes, encompassing blood circulation, tissue accumulation, cancer cell targeting, endocytosis, endosomal escape, intracellular trafficking to target sites, and therapeutic action, all of which pose limitations to their clinical translation. This underscores the necessity of meticulously considering these biological barriers in the design of cell membrane-mimetic nanocarriers. In this review, we delineate the functions and applications of diverse types of cell membranes in nanocarrier systems. We elaborate on the biological hurdles encountered at each stage of the biomimetic nanoparticle's odyssey to the target, and comprehensively discuss the obstacles imposed by the tumor microenvironment for precise delivery. Subsequently, we systematically review contemporary cell membrane-based strategies aimed at overcoming these multi-level biological barriers, encompassing hybrid cell membrane (HCM) camouflage, tumor microenvironment remodeling, endosomal/lysosomal escape, multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal, optimization of nanoparticle physicochemical properties, and so on. Finally, we outline potential strategies to accelerate the development of cell membrane-inspired precision nanocarriers and discuss the challenges that must be addressed to enhance their clinical applicability. This review serves as a guide for refining the study of cell membrane-mimetic nanosystems in surmounting in vivo delivery barriers, thereby significantly contributing to advancing the development and application of cell membrane-based nanoparticles in cancer delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"3113-3145"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the Power of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Cancer Treatment: The Role of Nanocarriers.","authors":"Ziyu Fu, Shengmei Wang, Xin Zhou, Linqi Ouyang, Zhen Chen, Guiming Deng","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S502104","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S502104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For centuries, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has had certain advantages in the treatment of tumors. However, due to their poor water solubility, low bioavailability and potential toxicity, their effective delivery to target sites can be a major challenge. Nanocarriers based on the active ingredients of TCM, such as liposomes, polymer nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and organic/inorganic nanohybrids, are a promising strategy to improve the delivery of TCM, resulting in higher therapeutic outcomes and fewer side effects. Therefore, this article intends to review the application of Chinese medicine nano preparation in tumor. Firstly, we introduce the classification and synthesis of nanometer preparations of Chinese medicine. The second part mainly introduces the different responses of TCM nano-preparations in the course of treatment to introduce how TCM nano-preparations play a role in anti-tumor therapy. The third part focuses on Different response modes of Chinese medicine nano preparations in tumor therapy. The fourth part elucidates the application of Chinese medicine nano preparations in the treatment of cancer. Finally, the research direction to be explored in related fields is put forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"3147-3174"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11913986/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}