International Journal of Nanomedicine最新文献

{"title":"CD80 Antibody and MTX Co-Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Targets CD80⁺ Macrophages to Suppress Inflammation and Alleviate Chronic Inflammatory Diseases.","authors":"Jianhua Yang, Handan Zhang, Wenzhe Wang, Qiqi Yin, Xiaoning He, Dihao Tao, Hanzhe Wang, Wenhao Liu, Yiming Wang, Zhiwei Dong, Xin Chen, Bei Li","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S517357","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S517357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Aberrant interaction between innate immune and adaptive immune cells can disrupt tissue homeostasis, consequently triggering chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis (PD). Pro-inflammatory macrophages serve as critical mediators in the early immune response, constituting a major population of CD80⁺ cells, while anti-inflammatory macrophages modulating inflammatory processes through the secretion of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). This cytokine facilitates the differentiation of peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) and contributes to the establishment of immune tolerance. However, there are no definitive therapies to reshape the tissue homeostasis between innate immune and adaptive immune cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>(1) anti-CD80-MTX-EVs was obtained by gradient centrifugation, which were characterized by TEM and DLS, and the associated membrane proteins were identified by Western Blot. (2) The mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages were co-cultured separately with EVs, anti-CD80-EVs, and anti-CD80-MTX-EVs in vitro, and the expression of CD80 on the macrophages surface as well as the proportion of Treg cell generation were detected. (3) EVs, anti-CD80-EVs and anti-CD80-MTX-EVs were injected into mice models of arthritis and periodontitis for treatment, the therapeutic effect was evaluated by the expressions of related cytokines, staining of HE, the proportion of CD80⁺ macrophages and the phenotypic differentiation of T cells in the tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We successfully constructed engineered EVs (anti-CD80-MTX-EVs) targeting inflammatory macrophages for intracellular MTX delivering, which inducing the anti-inflammatory transformation while upregulating the expression of TGF-β of macrophages. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that anti-CD80-MTX-EVs effectively reduce CD80⁺ macrophage levels, promote Treg cell generation, and inhibit Th1 cell production in vivo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, the anti-CD80-MTX-Evs demonstrated significant therapeutic effects in both rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis models through a triple mechanism: reducing CD80⁺ macrophage population, enhancing Treg cell differentiation, and suppressing Th1 cell development. Overall, this study presents an innovative strategy for resolving inflammation within chronic inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6379-6398"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Optimization of Nanoparticle Characteristics to Enhance Tumor Targeting and Doxorubicin Delivery.","authors":"Young-Jin Lee, Jisan Hong, Bo-Yeon Seo, Byung-Heon Lee, Vijaya Sarangthem, Rang-Woon Park","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S513336","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S513336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Doxorubicin (Dox) is a potent anticancer agent; however, its therapeutic efficacy is constrained by a narrow therapeutic index, resulting in nonselective cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. To improve its specificity and therapeutic efficacy, multivalent targeting strategies are being developed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A chimeric polypeptide consisting of an elastin-like polypeptides (ELP) copolymer with a repeating IL-4 receptor-specific targeting peptide, AP-1, and a (GGCGSCGSC)₂ sequence encoding 6 cysteine residues (C6) at the carboxyl-terminus for Dox conjugation was designed. Several AP1-ELPs of varying molecular sizes and structures, ranging from unimers to micelle-forming polymers, were characterized to evaluate their influence on Dox delivery and tumor inhibition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conjugating Dox to the C6 via an acid-labile linker induced self-assembly into micelle-like structures at body temperature. The size of these multivalent constructs significantly influenced their tumor penetration and overall therapeutic outcomes. High molecular weight, micelle-forming AP1-ELP constructs demonstrated faster tumor entry and enhanced inhibition compared to lower molecular weight linear AP1-ELPs. Tumor uptake of Dox was five times greater than that of free drug and twice that of low molecular weight, linear AP1-ELPs. Furthermore, systemic administration of these high molecular weight constructs effectively inhibited tumor growth in breast carcinoma xenograft models without inducing specific organ toxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Outperforming free Dox, high molecular weight micelle-forming AP1-ELP constructs achieve superior tumor targeting and efficacy with minimal toxicity, highlighting their potential as safer and more promising carriers for targeted drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6357-6378"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Infection Efficacy, Osteogenesis Potential, and Biocompatibility of 3D Printed PLGA/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Porous Scaffolds Grafted with Vancomycin/DOPA/rhBMP-2 in Infected Rabbit Bone Defects.","authors":"A Li Mu Ke Re Mu, Maimaitiaili Abulikemu, Zhilin Liang, Abudurusuli Abulikemu, Aikebaier Tuxun","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S514978","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S514978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the limitations of traditional therapies, the treatment of infected bone defects (IBD) remains a great challenge. It is urgent to find a novel method that can simultaneously eradicate infection and promote new bone formation. With the increasing application of personalized scaffolds in orthopedics, novel biomaterials with both antibacterial and osteoinductive properties have provided a viable option for IBD treatment. Through the three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, we fabricated a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA)/nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) composite scaffold grafted with the antibiotic vancomycin and loaded with the osteoinductive agent recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) via polydopamine (DOPA) chemistry, whose therapeutic effects on IBD were determined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After examining the hydrophilicity, surface chemical composition, mechanical properties, and drug release of the PLGA/n-HA, PLGA/n-HA/VAN, and PLGA/n-HA/VAN+DOPA/rhBMP-2 composite scaffolds, pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto the scaffold surface to assess the biocompatibility and osteoconductive properties of the scaffolds in vitro. For in vivo experiments, the composite scaffolds contaminated with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> were implanted into the defect sites of rabbit radius. After 12 weeks, micro-CT analysis, H&E and Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, and viable bacteria counting were conducted to compare the effects of three composite scaffolds on new bone formation and bone infection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The surface modification with DOPA/rhBMP-2 increased the hydrophilicity of PLGA/n-HA scaffolds. Vancomycin and BMP-2 were continuously and regularly eluted from the PLGA/n-HA/VAN+DOPA/rhBMP-2 scaffolds. The PLGA/n-HA/VAN+DOPA/rhBMP-2 scaffolds promoted MC3T3-E1 cell survival and proliferation and enhanced ALP activity and calcium deposition compared with the PLGA/n-HA and PLGA/n-HA/VAN scaffolds. Additionally, the PLGA/n-HA/VAN+DOPA/rhBMP-2 scaffolds significantly facilitated new bone formation and inhibited bone infection in IBD rabbit models. The rabbits implanted with the PLGA/n-HA/VAN+DOPA/rhBMP-2 scaffolds exhibited normal heart, lung, and kidney histologies and normal serum biochemical indices, suggesting the safety of the scaffolds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 3D-printed PLGA/n-HA/VAN+DOPA/rhBMP-2 scaffolds exhibited both antibacterial and osteoinductive activities in IBD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6399-6421"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in HPV Detection: From Traditional Methods to Nanotechnology and the Application of Quantum Dots.","authors":"Zhenglin He, Xuepeng Zheng, Ruiqi Liu, Kai Zhao, Dezhi Mao, Lingkai Zhang, Runshan Wan, Hongyang Zhang, Xue Wang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S524518","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S524518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer, a significant public health concern, demands precise and expeditious detection methods to curb the spread of human papillomavirus (HPV). The early detection of cervical cancer remains a critical challenge in developing reliable and efficient screening tools to meet the demand for controlling cervical cancer. Traditional detection techniques are often cumbersome, costly, and inadequate for on-site HPV testing. Nanotechnology, with its unique electrical, chemical, and optical properties, has emerged as a pivotal component in the development of biosensors for rapid and reliable HPV detection. This article provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in cervical cancer detection, encompassing traditional methods, emerging protocols, and novel quantum dots (QDs)-based approaches for detection. The review examines the application of various nanomaterials in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors for the diagnosis of cervical cancer, with these innovations offering a significant improvement over conventional approach. Furthermore, we detail the synthesis methods of QDs and their properties, illustrate the substantial enhancement in sensor performance achieved through their applications, and elucidate the improvements and challenges associated with these new protocols while highlighting the potential application prospects of novel QDs technology in HPV detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6333-6356"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12104828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Traditional Chinese Medicine Can Play a Role In Nanomedicine? A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.","authors":"Chi Wang, Kaixiang Ren, Mei Yang, Xiang Li, Ningxi Li, Peng Li, Huang Yang, Guangjian Zhang, Xiaodan Wei","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S518610","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S518610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a time-honored practice rooted in natural therapeutics, has served as a cornerstone in safeguarding human health across millennia, aiding in disease mitigation and life vitality preservation. However, many TCM active ingredients suffer from poor solubility, low bioavailability, uncertain toxicity and weak targeting ability. Nanomedicine represents a modern scientific frontier, emerging from the precise engineering of unique nanoscale characteristics, with extensive applications encompassing targeted therapeutic delivery and diverse biomedical fields. Although TCM and nanomedicine diverge fundamentally in historical origins and disciplinary foundations, growing investigations demonstrate their synergistic potential. In this review, nanosized TCM has been revealed as an innovative therapeutic strategy with significant clinical value. Based on the biological activities and structural characteristics of TCM active ingredients, we classify them into two categories: natural nanostructured formulations for TCM and nano-drug delivery systems for TCM. A systematic and comprehensive analysis of preparations specific and functions to two classes of TCM nanomedicines is highlighted. Insights into the advantage of TCM nanomedicines are also introduced. Subsequently, the applications of TCM nanomedicines in the biomedical treatment, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and anti-bacterial are summarized. Finally, challenges and future research directions are emphasized, aiming to offer guidance for the modernization of TCM nanomedicines.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6289-6315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103218/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i>-Derived Nanobiotics for Effective Against Ulcerative Colitis in Mouse Model.","authors":"Qianyuan Gong, Caiyun Sun, Tao Jiang, Yuanbiao Guo","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S515961","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S515961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Growing research is devoted to the development of plant-derived products as new therapeutic drugs to reduce side effects. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) have shown promising potential in the treatment of colitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As a proof of concept, the efficacy of ELNs from edible <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> (ZbELNs) in protecting macrophages from inflammation was determined by in vitro experiments. Moreover, we assess the therapeutic effect of ZbELNs to colitis in a mouse model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ZbELNs were found to have an ideal particle size (160.0 nm) and contain a large number of lipids, some functional proteins or metabolites, and many small RNA molecules. The in vitro experiment results revealed that ZbELN pretreatment increased cell vitality and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments indicated that oral administration of ZbELNs can significantly reduce disease activity index, increase colon length, and inhibit colon wall thickening, thereby alleviating acute colitis in dextran sulfate sodium-induced model mice. In addition, ZbELN treatment can reduce the degree of histological damage in the colon and suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in mice serum. Notably, miRNA-1 and miRNA-21 in ZbELNs showed similar therapeutic effects on macrophage inflammation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that ZbELNs are a novel natural nanomedicine with promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of colonic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6317-6331"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan Nanoparticles as an Alternative Therapeutic Approach for Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Theresia Chandra Tania Novy, I Made Joni, Ronny Lesmana, Vitriana Biben, Setiawan","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S503829","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S503829","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by the progressive breakdown of cartilage, leading to pain, inflammation, and reduced joint function. There are many variations of conventional therapies that exist, however, none proven to halt or reverse cartilage degradation. Chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide, has emerged as a promising candidate in OA treatment due to its chondroprotective properties, and ability to enhance chondrocyte proliferation and suppress inflammatory mediators. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of chitosan nanoparticles (NPs), which offer a novel and effective approach for addressing the limitations associated with standard chitosan formulations, such as poor solubility and limited tissue penetration. Chitosan NPs have demonstrated superior bioavailability, sustained drug release, and targeted delivery, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes in preclinical models. This review explores evidence-based the therapeutic potential of chitosan NPs in the management of knee osteoarthritis, focusing on their role in cartilage regeneration and drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6187-6203"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolvaptan-Loaded Tomato-Derived Nanovesicles: Characterization and Evaluation of Cytotoxicity, Wound Healing Potential and the Effects on Cyst Formation in Renal Cell Lines.","authors":"Ramila Mammadova, Feby Wijaya Pratiwi, Immacolata Fiume, Eslam Abdelrady, Olha Makieieva, Laura Zucaro, Francesco Trepiccione, Seppo Vainio, Gabriella Pocsfalvi","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S498012","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S498012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) are promising candidates for next-generation drug delivery system due to their scalability, low cytotoxicity and immunogenicity, and efficient cellular uptake. Here, tomato fruit-derived PDNVs were loaded with tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist with the aim to reduce drug cytotoxicity, control drug release and to improve drug efficiency in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tolvaptan was encapsulated by extrusion and electroporation. Entrapment efficiency (EE%) and drug loading capacity (DLC%) were optimized by changing the drug-to-PDNV ratio and time-dependent drug release rate was evaluated at two different pH. Tolvaptan-loaded PDNVs were characterized using physiochemical and morphological methods. Cellular uptake of fluorescently labelled tolvaptan-loaded PDNVs was evaluated. The cytotoxicity and effects of tolvaptan-loaded PDNVs on cyst formation and cell migration were studied in different renal cell cultures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Electroporation resulted in higher EE% and DLC% than extrusion for the encapsulation of tolvaptan into PDNVs. MDCK cells efficiently uptake tolvaptan-loaded PDNVs. The release of the tolvaptan was time and pH dependent. Enhanced cell proliferation, suppressed cyst growth, and altered cyst morphology compared with controls was observed. Migration assay demonstrated that tolvaptan-encapsulated PDNVs had a favourable effect on enhancing wound healing and cell migration in renal cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tolvaptan-loaded PDNVs show promising features as a natural next-generation nanoscale delivery system in vitro for time and pH-dependent release of hydrophobic drugs, such as tolvaptan.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6253-6269"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Kidney Injury: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Potential.","authors":"Qianqian Yan, Mengyuan Liu, Jinyan Mao, Zihao Zhao, Bo Wang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S519345","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S519345","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high morbidity and mortality rate but can only be treated with supportive therapy in most cases. The diagnosis of AKI is mainly based on serum creatinine level and urine volume, which cannot detect kidney injury sensitive and timely. Therefore, new diagnostic and therapeutic molecules of AKI are being actively explored. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by almost all cells, can originate from different parts of the kidney and mediate intercellular communication between various cell types of nephrons. At present, numerous successful EV-based biomarker discoveries and treatments for AKI have been made, such as the confirmed diagnostic role of urine-derived EVs in AKI and the established therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs in AKI have been confirmed; however, these related studies lack a full discussion. In this review, we summarize the latest progression in the profound understanding of the functional role of EVs in AKI caused by various etiologies in recent years and provide new insights into EVs as viable biomarkers and therapeutic molecules for AKI patients. Furthermore, the current challenges and prospects of this research area are briefly discussed, presenting a comprehensive overview of the growing foregrounds of EVs in AKI.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6271-6288"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12094478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Stabilizer-Free and Organic Solvent-Free Method to Prepare 10-Hydroxycamptothecin Nanocrystals: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation [Retraction].","authors":"","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S538647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S538647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S102726.].</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"6185-6186"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12091049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}