Extracellular Vesicles in Acute Kidney Injury: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Potential.

IF 6.6 2区医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY

International Journal of Nanomedicine Pub Date : 2025-05-17 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.2147/IJN.S519345

Qianqian Yan, Mengyuan Liu, Jinyan Mao, Zihao Zhao, Bo Wang

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Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a high morbidity and mortality rate but can only be treated with supportive therapy in most cases. The diagnosis of AKI is mainly based on serum creatinine level and urine volume, which cannot detect kidney injury sensitive and timely. Therefore, new diagnostic and therapeutic molecules of AKI are being actively explored. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), secreted by almost all cells, can originate from different parts of the kidney and mediate intercellular communication between various cell types of nephrons. At present, numerous successful EV-based biomarker discoveries and treatments for AKI have been made, such as the confirmed diagnostic role of urine-derived EVs in AKI and the established therapeutic role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EVs in AKI have been confirmed; however, these related studies lack a full discussion. In this review, we summarize the latest progression in the profound understanding of the functional role of EVs in AKI caused by various etiologies in recent years and provide new insights into EVs as viable biomarkers and therapeutic molecules for AKI patients. Furthermore, the current challenges and prospects of this research area are briefly discussed, presenting a comprehensive overview of the growing foregrounds of EVs in AKI.

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急性肾损伤中的细胞外囊泡：机制、生物标志物和治疗潜力。

急性肾损伤（AKI）具有很高的发病率和死亡率，但在大多数情况下只能通过支持治疗来治疗。AKI的诊断主要基于血清肌酐水平和尿量，不能灵敏、及时地发现肾损伤。因此，新的AKI诊断和治疗分子正在被积极探索。细胞外囊泡（EVs）几乎由所有细胞分泌，可以起源于肾脏的不同部位，并介导不同类型肾单位之间的细胞间通讯。目前，已经有许多基于ev的生物标志物和治疗AKI的成功发现，例如尿源性ev在AKI中的诊断作用得到证实，间充质干细胞源性ev在AKI中的治疗作用得到证实；然而，这些相关研究缺乏充分的讨论。本文综述了近年来对EVs在各种病因引起的AKI中的功能作用的深入认识的最新进展，并对EVs作为AKI患者可行的生物标志物和治疗分子提供了新的见解。此外，简要讨论了该研究领域的当前挑战和前景，全面概述了电动汽车在AKI中的发展前景。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Nanomedicine NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY-PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

CiteScore

14.40

自引率

3.80%

发文量

511

审稿时长

1.4 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Nanomedicine is a globally recognized journal that focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in the biomedical field. It is a peer-reviewed and open-access publication that covers diverse aspects of this rapidly evolving research area. With its strong emphasis on the clinical potential of nanoparticles in disease diagnostics, prevention, and treatment, the journal aims to showcase cutting-edge research and development in the field. Starting from now, the International Journal of Nanomedicine will not accept meta-analyses for publication.