Tolvaptan-Loaded Tomato-Derived Nanovesicles: Characterization and Evaluation of Cytotoxicity, Wound Healing Potential and the Effects on Cyst Formation in Renal Cell Lines.
Ramila Mammadova, Feby Wijaya Pratiwi, Immacolata Fiume, Eslam Abdelrady, Olha Makieieva, Laura Zucaro, Francesco Trepiccione, Seppo Vainio, Gabriella Pocsfalvi
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) are promising candidates for next-generation drug delivery system due to their scalability, low cytotoxicity and immunogenicity, and efficient cellular uptake. Here, tomato fruit-derived PDNVs were loaded with tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist with the aim to reduce drug cytotoxicity, control drug release and to improve drug efficiency in vitro.
Methods: Tolvaptan was encapsulated by extrusion and electroporation. Entrapment efficiency (EE%) and drug loading capacity (DLC%) were optimized by changing the drug-to-PDNV ratio and time-dependent drug release rate was evaluated at two different pH. Tolvaptan-loaded PDNVs were characterized using physiochemical and morphological methods. Cellular uptake of fluorescently labelled tolvaptan-loaded PDNVs was evaluated. The cytotoxicity and effects of tolvaptan-loaded PDNVs on cyst formation and cell migration were studied in different renal cell cultures.
Results: Electroporation resulted in higher EE% and DLC% than extrusion for the encapsulation of tolvaptan into PDNVs. MDCK cells efficiently uptake tolvaptan-loaded PDNVs. The release of the tolvaptan was time and pH dependent. Enhanced cell proliferation, suppressed cyst growth, and altered cyst morphology compared with controls was observed. Migration assay demonstrated that tolvaptan-encapsulated PDNVs had a favourable effect on enhancing wound healing and cell migration in renal cells.
Conclusion: Tolvaptan-loaded PDNVs show promising features as a natural next-generation nanoscale delivery system in vitro for time and pH-dependent release of hydrophobic drugs, such as tolvaptan.
期刊介绍：
The International Journal of Nanomedicine is a globally recognized journal that focuses on the applications of nanotechnology in the biomedical field. It is a peer-reviewed and open-access publication that covers diverse aspects of this rapidly evolving research area.
With its strong emphasis on the clinical potential of nanoparticles in disease diagnostics, prevention, and treatment, the journal aims to showcase cutting-edge research and development in the field.
Starting from now, the International Journal of Nanomedicine will not accept meta-analyses for publication.
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