International Journal of Engineering Science最新文献

{"title":"An efficient decoupling algorithm for thermoelastic dynamic system of elliptic membrane shell","authors":"Wangxi Duan ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Shen ,&nbsp;Paolo Piersanti ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Mingchao Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we propose a novel computational framework for approximating the dynamics of the elliptic membrane shell model when it is coupled with thermal equations. The algorithm we propose here effectively addresses the coupling between the displacement and temperature fields, significantly reducing computational complexity. Spatial discretization is performed using the finite element method, while time discretization is based on the Newmark–Crank–Nicolson scheme. Numerical experiments are conducted on parts of elliptic and spherical shells, and the corresponding errors are analyzed for different values of the Newmark parameters and spatial steps for varying material parameters. Notably, we observe that the error convergence is influenced by the symmetry of the middle surface of the elliptic membrane under consideration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 104353"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global and local vertical stiffness of laminated rubber bearings under severe compression and lateral deformation","authors":"Ying Zhou ,&nbsp;Mohammed Samier Sebaq","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies mainly evaluated the global vertical stiffness (<em>K</em>_v) of laminated rubber bearings, typically considering the total vertical deformation as the sum of individual rubber layers. Under pure compression, maximum deformation occurs in the top layer. However, under combined axial pressure and lateral deformation, deformation distribution shifts, with the location of maximum deformation varying with lateral displacement magnitude among the rubber layers. Thus, evaluating the local <em>K</em>_v of each rubber layer is essential to accurately capture mechanical behavior. A layer-by-layer analysis identifies the most deformed layer under different lateral displacements, enabling determination of the minimum local <em>K</em>_v. Finite element simulations are significantly improved by incorporating the Mullins effect and Prony-series viscoelasticity into the Yeoh hyperelastic model, thereby capturing the full loading and unloading behavior and achieving strong agreement with experimental data. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into both the global and local <em>K</em>_v of rubber bearings, considering variations in the first and second shape factors (<em>S</em>₁ and <em>S</em>₂) and different axial pressure levels (<em>P</em>, 2<em>P</em>, and 3<em>P</em>), where <em>P</em> denotes the design pressure. The results indicate that increasing <em>S</em>₂ enhances global <em>K</em>_v but also leads to more severe degradation in local <em>K</em>_v. In contrast, higher <em>S</em>₁ values improve bearing stability and reduce the sensitivity of local <em>K</em>_v relative to global <em>K</em>_v. Bearings with low <em>S</em>₁ and high <em>S</em>₂ exhibit greater stiffness reduction under increasing axial pressure, while higher <em>S</em>₁ values mitigate this effect. Finally, empirical formulations for normalized global and local stiffness are proposed, showing good correlation with both finite element and experimental results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 104357"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluid-structure interaction in an arteriovenous fistula: An assumption-related sensitivity analysis","authors":"Daniel Jodko ,&nbsp;Tracie Barber","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the two-way coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) methodology has become a widely accepted numerical tool for solving biomedical engineering problems, several questions have arisen regarding the assumptions that must be made when employing FSI. This study focuses on the assumption-related sensitivity FSI analysis of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) case. AVF is the widely accepted vascular access for hemodialysis, in which highly disturbed non-physiological blood flow is observed and mutual fluid-wall interaction is unavoidable. In the presented high-flow AVF, blood rheology played a minor role since the used Newtonian and non-Newtonian models overlap in the high-shear strain environment. Critical factors that play an important role in FSI simulations were analysed: 1) damping of loose connective tissue (LCT) embedding the AVF vasculature, 2) outlet pressure conditions and dealing with pressurization phase, 3) compliance of LCT, and 4) compliance of blood vessel walls. All of the above-mentioned mechanical factors to some extent affected the temporal quantitative results: lower damping can lead to wall vibrations resulting in biological response; correct procedure coping with the pressurization phase is of very high importance as data concerning the geometry of vasculature are acquired in the prestressed state; the total wall compliance resulting from the elasticity of walls and LCT remains unknown but may be responsible for significant differences in wall extension and temporal progression of hemodynamic parameters. However, when flow parameters are averaged over time, properly performed FSI produces comparable results to the rigid wall approach, which may be alternatively used to analyse hemodynamics in relatively small or stiff vascular models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 104355"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A network alteration theory of rubbery polymers for exploring the damage and mechanochemistry","authors":"Ziyu Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The constitutive behavior of rubbery polymers, particularly their elasticity and damage mechanisms, has been a significant area of interest for scientists due to its crucial role in engineering applications. This study suggests that the primary causes of damage and mechanochemical network alterations in these rubbery polymers are chain rupture, fluctuations in crosslinking points, and disentanglement. The proposed model suggests that both network and chain damage and mechanochemistry are consequences of instantaneous free energy effects and alterations in end-to-end vectors, which are analyzed using the Flory-Huggins lattice-like theory and rubber elasticity. This study posits that polymer damage follows a dangling and evolution of networks, which results in a constant magnitude of free energy terms but a decreasing slope (stress), ultimately leading to decreased mechanical properties. For the first time, this paper utilizes the Flory-Huggins lattice-like model to quantify conformational changes in rubbery polymers resulting from chain rupture and crosslinking point fluctuations, enabling the quantification of the mechanical dependency of mechanochemical effects in these polymers, specifically showing a scaling of the first strain invariant squared. The paper also presents and analysis a series of experiments, including hysteresis energetics, uniaxial loading-unloading tests, uniaxial and pure shear loading-unloading tests, and balloon inflation cycling, to confirm the accuracy and validity of the modeling, offering potential theoretical solutions for the design of rubbery polymers and the mitigation of damage and mechanochemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 104359"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptotic formulation of the role of shear loads on multi-layered thin shells and classification of their deformation modes","authors":"Xiwei Pan ,&nbsp;Yichao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shell structures are generally modeled based on kinematic hypotheses, where some of the parameters are preferentially evaluated in a phenomenological manner. In this article, asymptotic analysis against the underlying three-dimensional equation system is considered so as to provide a rational framework for modeling and interpreting the deformation behavior of multi-layered thin shells (MTSs). Capable of accurately predicting both overall stiffness and detailed stress distribution, the proposed shell theory shows its distinguishing features at least in the following aspects. Firstly, it naturally introduces a rule for classifying the deformation modes of MTSs based on the magnitude of the maximum dimensionless principal curvature. Secondly, for each class, the hierarchy in the order of the involved field quantities is examined, and it is shown that when the product of the maximum principal curvature and the characteristic shell size reaches the magnitude of unity or larger, the resulting shell theory cannot be treated by natural extension of plate theories. Lastly, it is demonstrated that, for moderate shear forces and comparable material properties, a leading-order multi-layered shell theory derived from asymptotic analysis should suffice to output satisfactory predictions over the shell stiffness, as well as its internal stress distribution. Numerical examples of the deformation and strength analysis for MTSs are also presented to show the reliability of the leading-order model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 104348"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic modeling of blood cells in a turbulent environment and its effect on hemolysis","authors":"Qilong Lian,&nbsp;Yuan Xiao,&nbsp;Zhanshuo Cao,&nbsp;Lingyu Meng,&nbsp;Guomin Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Through careful physical modeling, this study provides insight into the effect of forces on hemolysis exerted on blood cells in the viscous subrange of the turbulence spectrum. We constructed a simplified coupling model of eddy currents with blood cells and analyzed it using a membrane tension quantification index directly related to hemolysis. It is found that the membrane tension resulting from blood cell interactions changes the overall ensemble force by an order of magnitude and more, and in some high-energy vortices, even dominates the ensemble force. This finding emphasizes that blood cannot simply be regarded as a dilute flow field in simulating the hemolysis process, but the real mechanical forces exerted on blood cells must be fully considered. Based on these findings, we propose an improved blood cell shear force model, which optimizes the classical Kolmogorov theoretical formulation in the viscous subrange, and by combining the model with the blood cell trajectory equation, we have successfully modified the force environment of blood cells, which makes the simulation results closer to the reality. Under two operating conditions of the FDA blood pump (2.5 L/min, 3500 rpm, 7.0 L/min, 3500 rpm), the turbulent intermittency inside the flow field reaches the maximum effect at multiple Reynolds numbers. The error of the relative hemolysis value calculated by the new model is significantly reduced compared with the original model. The error from the experiments reached less than 8% under multiple computational conditions, demonstrating an excellent prediction ability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 104349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-viscoelastic characterization and modeling of a high-temperature stretchable film for foldable electronics applications","authors":"Siddhesh S. Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Israr Ud Din ,&nbsp;Yarjan Abdul Samad ,&nbsp;Kamran A. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foldable electronics with high thermal stability, flexibility and stretchability enable emerging applications such as soft robotics, electronic skins, human–machine interfaces, and foldable displays. This study presents a detailed thermo-mechanical characterization and modeling of Beyolex™, a recently developed non-silicone-based thermoset polymeric substrate used in stretchable electronics. During operation, Beyolex™ undergoes diverse loading histories, motivating a comprehensive experimental program. We performed tensile tests at various loading rates, along with stress relaxation, creep, and cyclic loading tests. To replicate in-service thermal conditions, experiments were conducted at 25 °C, 75 °C, 90 °C, 125 °C, and 150 °C, covering the full operational temperature range of the material. A finite viscoelasticity-based integral model was developed, formulated from the material’s equilibrium (long-term stress) response. The model was further enhanced to capture thermal effects and stress softening behavior. An iterative root-finding algorithm was developed to simulate the model’s response to both displacement-controlled and force-controlled loading conditions. Finally, a calibration methodology was implemented to fit the model parameters and assess its performance. Simulated results under various loading histories showed reasonable agreement with experimental data, supporting the model’s capability to represent Beyolex™’s thermo-mechanical behavior<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 104352"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical modal analysis of the traditional percussion instrument \"Erbane\"","authors":"Sinem Ozturk","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the dynamic and vibroacoustic behaviors of the traditional Middle Eastern percussion instrument \"Erbane\" using experimental and numerical methods. The natural frequencies of the instrument were determined by modal analysis method and the numerical model created with the obtained natural frequencies was verified. Acoustic-driven structural analysis was performed to verify the mode shapes obtained from the numerical model. Erbane was acoustically driven through a loudspeaker, and the vibration response was measured using a laser vibrometer. Thus, the numerical model results were completed with the mode shapes precisely determined by the laser vibrometer. This study provided a better understanding of the vibration behaviors of Erbane and provided an opportunity for future studies to be carried out with percussion instruments. The experimental analyses were performed within a frequency range of 0–800 Hz, and the numerical simulations covered up to 1000 Hz to ensure comprehensive modal characterization. This study is the first to apply combined Experimental Modal Analysis (EMA) and Finite Element Modeling (FEM) validation to the traditional Erbane drum, offering new insights into its vibrational behavior and validating up to the 6th mode with &lt;8 % deviation in modal frequencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 104351"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further developments in the constitutive theory of the family of models with higher order rational approximant response functions for application to isotropic compressible soft solids","authors":"Afshin Anssari-Benam","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a series of prior papers, various members of a new family of incompressible constitutive models whose response function(s), namely <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>, are of higher order rational approximants in invariants <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> were devised for application to the finite deformation of isotropic rubber-like materials. The extension of the models at the bottom of the hierarchy of this family; i.e., with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> of orders [1/1] and [0/1], respectively, to the compressible case has been presented previously (<span><span>Anssari-Benam &amp; Horgan, 2022a</span></span>). The current work is concerned with developing the compressible forms of the recently developed incompressible models at the top of the hierarchy of this family, where <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> are of further generalised orders; e.g., [<span><math><mi>β</mi></math></span>/1] and [1/1], respectively. The improvement in the accuracy of the modelling results will be demonstrated, on using extant multiaxial and uniaxial experimental datasets of a wide variety of compressible soft solids, ranging from polyethylene foams to (hydro)gels and biological materials. The presented developments here complete hitherto the extension of the incompressible forms of this family of models to the compressible case, and provide more accurate constitutive models for application to the large deformation of <em>compressible</em> soft materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 104336"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiscale approach to visco-electro-elastic complex materials: Asymptotic homogenization versus high-frequency continualization schemes","authors":"Rosaria Del Toro ,&nbsp;Francesca Fantoni ,&nbsp;Maria Laura De Bellis ,&nbsp;Andrea Bacigalupo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work deals with the study of the viscous effects on the electro-mechanical behavior of periodic materials paving the way for remarkable applications in many scientific fields. In a three-dimensional context, the constitutive equations that describe a visco-electro-elastic periodic material are recast into the complex frequency space via the two-sided Laplace transform yielding a Stroh-like formulation. Then, the governing equations are manipulated by means of the Floquet–Bloch transform to study the wave propagation and the characteristic equation, which is generalized for a periodic visco-electro-elastic laminate, is obtained and solved to achieve its frequency complex spectra. Thereafter, an asymptotic homogenization method and a continualization scheme, which is based on the kernel developed as a Padé approximant, are detailed to identify equivalent non-local visco-electro-elastic continua. Finally, the homogenized frequency band structures are compared with the heterogeneous one to validate the proposed models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"216 ","pages":"Article 104331"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}