International Journal of Engineering Science最新文献

{"title":"A micropolar plate model for bending of triangular lattices comprising zigzag beams","authors":"C.Y. Shen ,&nbsp;L.H. He","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Equilateral triangle lattices comprising zigzag beams are a typical kind of periodic structures with chiral unit cells. The in-plane deformation of these materials was believed to exhibit chiral effect, but the out-of-plane bending has never been explored. Here, we develop a continuum model to describe the overall bending behavior of such lattices by homogenizing them as micropolar plates. The governing equations of the plate are derived in an asymptotic way with no need of any ad hoc kinematic assumptions, and the effective elastic parameters are determined analytically from the unit cell by imposing the generalized Hill-Mandel condition. Different from the previous study, we find that there are no chiral effects in both the in-plane and out-of-plane deformations. Moreover, with two examples for unconstrained and constrained bending, we show that the curvature of the lattice can be transformed between anticlastic and synclastic by changing the zigzag angle or the sectional aspect ratio of the beams. The results agree excellent with finite element simulations of the lattice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 104312"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incremental dynamics of prestressed viscoelastic solids and its applications in shear wave elastography","authors":"Yuxuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Guo-Yang Li ,&nbsp;Zhaoyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Shiyu Ma ,&nbsp;Yanping Cao ,&nbsp;Seok-Hyun Yun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a promising imaging modality for mechanical characterization of tissues, offering biomarkers with potential for early and precise diagnosis. While various methods have been developed to extract mechanical parameters from shear wave characteristics, their relationships in viscoelastic materials under prestress remain poorly understood. Here, we present a generalized incremental dynamics theory for finite-strain viscoelastic solids. The theory derives small-amplitude viscoelastic wave motions in a material under static pre-stress. The formalism is compatible with a range of existing constitutive models, including both hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity—such as the combination of Gasser-Ogden-Holzapfel (GOH) and Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative (KVFD) models used in this study. We validate the theory through experiments and numerical simulations on prestressed soft materials and biological tissues, using both optical coherence elastography and ultrasound elastography. The theoretical predictions closely match experimental dispersion curves over a broad frequency range and accurately capture the effect of prestress. Furthermore, the framework reveals the relationships among shear wave phase velocity, attenuation, and principal stresses, enabling prestress quantification in viscoelastic solids without prior knowledge of constitutive parameters. This generalized acousto-viscoelastic formalism is particularly well-suited for high-frequency, high-resolution SWE in tissues under prestress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 104310"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-frequency, finite-amplitude, acoustic traveling waves in bubbly liquids under the Crighton–Westervelt–Klein–Gordon equation","authors":"N. Valdivia ,&nbsp;P.M. Jordan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Employing both analytical and numerical methodologies, we investigate the propagation of high-frequency, finite-amplitude, acoustic wave-forms in non-dissipative bubbly liquids under a (1D) PDE model, which we term the Crighton–Westervelt–Klein–Gordon (CWKG) equation. Exact traveling wave solutions (TWS)s for the pressure field are derived and analyzed. It is shown that the CWKG equation can admit both monotonic and periodic TWSs, but that only those of the latter type are bounded. Phase plane analyses of the traveling wave ODEs are performed, approximate expressions for the pressure field are derived, and special case results are identified and studied. We also point out a special/limiting case TWS that consists of (periodic) parabolic arcs with pointed peaks; discuss connections to three models, including the Korteweg–De Vries (KdV) equation, that describe well known types of water waves; and suggest possible follow-on studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 104295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of resilient structures by randomization and bistability","authors":"Debdeep Bhattacharya ,&nbsp;Tyler P. Evans ,&nbsp;Andrej Cherkaev","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines various ways of improving the impact resilience of protective structures. Such structures’ purpose is to dissipate an impact’s energy while avoiding cracking and failure. We have tested the reaction of plane elastic-brittle lattices to an impulse. Four topologies are compared: periodic triangular, square, and hexagonal topologies, and aperiodic Penrose topology. Then, structures with random variations of the links’ stiffness, node positions, and random holes are compared. Combinations of these random factors are also considered, as well as the resilience of bistable elastic-brittle lattices with sacrificial links. Several parameters are introduced to measure the structural resilience of the compared designs: (i) the amount of dissipated impact energy, (ii) the size of broken clusters of links, and (iii) the spread of damage. The results suggest new routes for rationally designing protective structures using nonperiodic topology, bistability, and structural randomness. In particular, we find that some quantities of interest can be maximized by tuning the randomized design appropriately — for example, randomly removing 8% of links maximizes energy dissipation. We also find that randomization of bistable lattices can offer superior energy dissipation while reducing the connectivity between broken clusters of links.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 104296"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave propagation in compressible hyperelastic solids in the presence of powerless internal forces","authors":"Ada Amendola ,&nbsp;Julia de Castro Motta ,&nbsp;Luigi Vergori","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although nonlinear elastodynamics has been widely studied since the second half of the last century, still nowadays, some aspects of this theory need a more systematic analysis. Based on the classical theory of simple materials of differential type and the results on the analytical form of constitutive models consistent with the laws of thermodynamics, we here analyze the wave propagation in compressible hyperelastic materials in the case in which the effects due to powerless internal forces are not negligible. We show that powerless internal forces affect the wave propagation in compressible hyperelastic solids by contributing to nonlinear wave dispersion and allowing the propagation of traveling waves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 104294"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetoelastic surface Green’s function and the stability of a soft magnetoactive half-space","authors":"Guozhan Xia ,&nbsp;Yipin Su ,&nbsp;Weiqiu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface Green’s functions for a pre-deformed compressible soft magnetoactive (SMA) half-space are derived in this study. Two typical magnetic conditions are considered, one accounting for the effect of the external magnetic field, while the other does not. These Green’s functions are obtained for the first time using the principles of magneto-elastic continuum mechanics. By employing a generalized neo-Hookean ideal magnetic model, fundamental solutions are explicitly presented for a half-space subject to an in-plane biaxial stretch and a transverse magnetic biasing field, which are then utilized to analyze related boundary-value problems. We consider the flat-ended cylindrical indentation of a pre-deformed SMA half-space, with either prescribed magnetic induction or magnetic field intensity within the contact region. The critical criteria for vanishing indentation force in the case of equi-biaxial pre-stretch and the generalizations in the case of unequal biaxial pre-stretch are obtained. For the sake of illustration, the specific analysis is conducted for a compressible neo-Hookean model. We find that the above criteria are essentially equivalent to those acquired from bifurcation analysis of a half-space, where the instability always first occurs along the direction of principal stretch. The outcomes demonstrate that the increase in the magnetic biasing field exerts a consistent adverse effect on the evolution of surface instability, whether considering the external field or not. The present study provides a general tool for investigating diverse mechanical behaviors of soft smart materials via the powerful Green’s functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 104289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical solutions for predicting shear stresses in axially graded tapered beams","authors":"Giovanni Migliaccio ,&nbsp;Francesco D’Annibale","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the state of stress in slender elastic cylinders with variable cross-sections and axially graded material properties. In contrast to prismatic homogeneous cylinders, the continuous variation of cross-sectional dimensions and material properties along the axis of the cylinder produces additional shear stress distributions within the cross-sections. This work sheds the light on how these stresses depend on the axial gradation of both geometry and material. The analytical approach in this paper is based on partial differential equations derived in a recent work that describe the stress state in tapered inhomogeneous elastic cylinders. A new analytical solution is presented for rectangular cross-sectioned tapered cylinders with axially graded material properties, subjected to external loads at the ends. By examining this paradigmatic case, the combined effects of taper and axial material gradation on the shear stresses across the cylinder’s cross-sections are discussed, highlighting the limitations of solutions obtained by approximating the geometric and material properties as piecewise constant along the cylinder’s axis. Numerical examples, including comparisons with benchmark solutions from a finite element method, are provided to support the analytical findings of the study. In addition to the theoretical insights, the analytical solutions developed here hold practical value in a wide range of engineering applications, such as aerospace structures, mechanical components, biomedical implants, energy harvesters, vibration control systems, and smart sensors for structural health monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 104292"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orientation and shear mechanisms of finite deformation of the cell cytoskeleton","authors":"A.S. Nikitiuk,&nbsp;Yu.V. Bayandin,&nbsp;O.B. Naimark","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel statistical-thermodynamic framework to model the finite deformation of the eukaryotic cell cytoskeleton, emphasizing the roles of actin filament orientation and bundle sliding. By introducing internal variables, such as an orientation order parameter and a microshear strain, the model captures the nonlinear mechanical response of the cytoskeleton under shear stress, including finite strain and critical damage dynamics. The free energy of the system is derived as a function of these variables, temperature, and a structural parameter that acts as an \"effective temperature,\" reflecting the cytoskeleton's susceptibility to mechanical reorganization. Numerical simulations reveal distinct deformation regimes, from orientation ordering stage to failure, governed by the structural parameters. The results provide insights into the mechanobiology of cells, with potential applications in understanding pathological conditions and designing tissue engineering scaffolds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 104306"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elasticity solutions of inhomogeneous and anisotropic nano-circular rings","authors":"Teoman Özer ,&nbsp;Martin Kröger","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study extends classical elasticity to gradient elasticity by investigating the analytical solutions for inhomogeneous and anisotropic curvilinear nano-beams with axial symmetry. For this purpose, we consider two variations for the elastic material coefficients along the thickness of the curvilinear beam. First, the coefficients are assumed to be proportional to the radial coordinate as <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span>. Secondly, it is assumed that the coefficients are linear functions of the radial coordinate with two coefficients of the material coefficients such as <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi><mi>j</mi><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub><mi>r</mi></mrow></math></span>. For both cases of variation of the elastic coefficients, the analytical solutions of stress fields for both classical and nano-curvilinear beams are obtained by using the definition of the gradient Airy stress function introduced for the gradient elasticity theory, similar to the Airy stress function notation defined in the classical elasticity theory. Then, analytical solutions of displacement fields are given similarly for classical and nano-curvilinear beams. As a special application of this general case, circular rings’ stress and displacement fields subjected to internal and external pressures are examined for the classical and nano-beam cases. Furthermore, the initial stress fields, depending on the initial pressure, are examined in the classical and gradient elasticity theory using the notation of the initial gradient pressure and initial gradient stress fields. Lastly, an expansion for the small gradient coefficient <span><math><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>≪</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> is performed analytically, as the solutions presented are otherwise numerically difficult to evaluate within this regime. The expansion allows us to show analytically that for all derived stress and displacement fields, including the gradient Airy stress functions, the gradient elasticity solutions converge to the classical elasticity as the gradient coefficient <span><math><mi>c</mi></math></span> goes to zero.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 104293"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unequal-biaxial taut states of functionally graded dielectric elastomers","authors":"Sankalp Gour ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar ,&nbsp;Aman Khurana","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A thin dielectric elastomeric (DE) plate with thickness gradients deforms and wrinkles under applied voltages. Such wrinkling, with regular periodic patterns in thin functionally graded DEs, occurs to relax in-plane compressive stresses through out-of-plane deformations. These functionally graded DE-based soft actuators, primarily used in soft robotic applications, exhibit highly localized point loads compared to non-graded soft actuators. DE-based soft actuators frequently exhibit a variety of instabilities, which may adversely affect their functioning and trigger device failure. Conversely, fine-tuned wrinkles can be utilized proactively in specific applications, necessitating an intentional transformation with directional gradients and the truncation of biaxial deformations. This paper presents an experimentally verified continuum physics-based model under a special case for unequal-biaxial deformation in functionally graded DEs. The proposed model integrates classical tension field theory to predict thresholds in taut domains within the plane of principal stretches. The model solutions provide insight into the deviations of taut domains influenced by the graded parameter and the biaxiality ratio in unequal-biaxial deformations of wrinkle formations in this material class.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":"214 ","pages":"Article 104291"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}