International Journal of Engineering Science最新文献

{"title":"Constitutive relations for anisotropic porous solids undergoing small strains whose material moduli depend on the density and the pressure","authors":"K.R. Rajagopal ,&nbsp;R. Bustamante","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.104005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.104005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Recently, Arumugam et al. (2023) developed a constitutive relation for the response of isotropic inhomogeneous compressible elastic solids in order to describe the response of the trabecular bone. Since porous solids such as bones, cement concrete, rocks, metallic alloys, etc., are </span>anisotropic, in this short note we develop a constitutive relation for such bodies that exhibit transverse </span>isotropy and also having two preferred directions of symmetry. Another characteristic of bones is that they exhibit different response characteristics in tension and compression, and hence any constitutive relation that is developed has to be capable of describing this. Also, the material moduli depend on both the density and the mean value of the stress (mechanical pressure), as is to be expected in a porous solid. In the constitutive relation that is developed in this paper, though the stress and the linearized strain appear linearly in the constitutive relation, the relationship is nonlinear. We also derive the response of such solids when undergoing uniaxial extension and compression, simple shear and torsion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138769752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on mechanics of fluid-conveying nanotubes","authors":"Qiduo Jin ,&nbsp;Yiru Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.104007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.104007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Fluid-conveying nanotubes have become important components of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) working in fluid environments, exciting extensive research on the dynamics of flow-conveying nanotubes. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of mechanics of fluid-conveying nanotubes from several aspects, including tube displacement field, non-classical continuum theory models, modeling, governing equations, boundary condition treatments, and dynamic behaviors. First, a refined displacement field for the tube structure considering curvature nonlinearity is presented. Based on the generalized continuum theory, a size-dependent constitutive model of nanotubes is established that fully considers surface effects, non-local stress and </span>strain gradient effects, as well as the slip flow model for modeling the size-dependency of </span>nanofluid<span> is derived. Subsequently, three types of planar nonlinear vibration problems related to boundary conditions of flow-conveying nanotubes are reviewed. Based on the different nonlinear characteristics caused by different boundary conditions, including curvature nonlinearity, inertia nonlinearity, boundary tension hardening nonlinearity, etc., corresponding assumptions are made and size-dependent longitudinal internal force-displacement relationship is established. The dynamic governing equations and classical and non-classical boundary conditions of flow-conveying nanotubes are derived based on the Hamiltonian variational principle. The current main treatment methods for non-classical boundary conditions are illustrated. Finally, the research status of mechanical behaviors of fluid-conveying nanotubes is reviewed and future research prospects are summarized. This article provides theoretical guidance for linear/nonlinear design of NEMS of next-generation working in fluid environments.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138713448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local and global dynamics of a functionally graded dielectric elastomer plate","authors":"Amin Alibakhshi ,&nbsp;Sasan Rahmanian ,&nbsp;Michel Destrade ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Zurlo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.103987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.103987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the nonlinear vibrations of a functionally graded dielectric elastomer plate subjected to electromechanical loads. We focus on local and global dynamics in the system. We employ the Gent strain energy function to model the dielectric elastomer. The functionally graded parameters are the shear modulus, mass density, and permittivity of the elastomer, which are formulated by a common through-thickness power-law scheme. We derive the equation of motion using the Euler-Lagrange equations and solve it numerically with the Runge-Kutta method and a continuation-based method. We investigate the influence of the functionally graded parameters on equilibrium points, natural frequencies, and static/dynamic instability. We also establish a Hamiltonian energy method to detect safe regions of operating gradient parameters. Furthermore, we explore the effect of the functionally graded parameters on chaos and resonance by plotting several numerical diagrams, including time histories, phase portraits, Poincaré maps, largest Lyapunov exponent criteria, bifurcation diagram of Poincaré maps, and frequency-stretch curves. The results provide a benchmark for developing functionally graded soft smart materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138582997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale analysis of a 3D fibrous collagen tissue","authors":"D. Orlova,&nbsp;I. Berinskii","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.104003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.104003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Collagen fibers, a primary structural protein in the extracellular matrix, provides essential scaffolding for tissues. Functionally, these fibers are essential for providing mechanical support, ensuring tissues like tendons effectively transfer force from muscles to bones. Moreover, collagen is a dynamic component that plays a crucial role in mediating cell signaling, influencing various cellular behaviors and functions.</p><p>The intricate network of collagen fibers in tissues forms a highly interconnected system, highlighting the tissue's structural resilience. This complexity, especially when considering interactions between collagen fibers or with cells, presents challenges for detailed analyses.</p><p><span>Our study introduces a homogenization framework for 3D </span>collagen networks<span> with diverse number of connectivity (C ∼ 7 and 4), bridging micro-to-macro scale behaviors. We employed a numerical strategy to homogenize the RVE, incorporating boundary periodicity and uniaxial loading to determine elastic properties. Systematic evaluations yielded a stress-stretch curve, reflecting micro-scale material behavior<span>. This behavior aligned with hyperelastic models<span> for both highly and moderately connected collagen networks, mirroring experimental findings. Collectively, these insights enhance our understanding of collagen mechanics, setting the stage for more nuanced analyses, particularly in cellular interactions within collagen matrices.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138583039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phase field fracture model for ultra-thin micro-/nano-films with surface effects","authors":"Peidong Li ,&nbsp;Weidong Li ,&nbsp;Yu Tan ,&nbsp;Haidong Fan ,&nbsp;Qingyuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.104004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.104004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Surface effects usually remarkably affect the mechanical response of ultra-thin micro-/nano-structures. However, the mechanisms of surface effects on the fracture characteristics<span> of ultra-thin films are still not fully understood. To this end, this paper develops a modeling framework to investigate the fracture of ultra-thin films at microscales or below. Such a framework couples the Gurtin–Murdoch theory with a phase-field fracture model, in which the former is adopted to introduce the surface effects, </span></span><em>i.e.</em><span><span>, the surface residual stress and surface elasticity of a thin film, and the latter is able to model crack evolution without requiring predefined crack paths or any criteria. Furthermore, a novel crack driving force<span> is introduced, which encompasses the tensile components of both bulk elastic energy and surface elastic energy. Several numerical examples including the biaxial tension test as well as the single-edge notched tension/shear test are performed. The simulation results indicate that the surface strain energy plays a major role in the total </span></span>elastic strain<span> energy of an ultra-thin film when its thickness is at a micro level<span>, thus demonstrating the significance of surface effects. Moreover, the mode-I fracture test shows that the surface elasticity and surface residual stress have a remarkable influence on the displacement at failure, while for the mode-II fracture test, the surface residual stress significantly influences the fracture characteristics such as the crack path and failure displacement. The developed model paves the way for revealing the fracture mechanisms of ultra-thin micro-/nano-films and conducting their safety assessment.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138633674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperelastic constitutive relations for soft elastomers with thermally-induced residual stress","authors":"Weiting Chen,&nbsp;Ya-Pu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.103991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.103991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Residual stress widely exists in soft materials. Besides growth, inhomogeneous thermal expansion is also a primary cause of residual stress. However, establishing a proper hyperelastic constitutive relation is a great challenge since the existing theories cannot capture the change of underlying mechanical responses triggered by temperature variations. In this paper, a general hyperelastic constitutive relation for soft elastomers with thermally-induced residual stress is developed. We first reveal the initial temperature dependence of conventional thermoelastic models. This property attributes the alteration of the underlying thermoelastic response to free thermal expansions. Then, a compatibility-broken curvature compensation (CBCC) framework is established based on finite thermoelasticity. It generates a free thermal expansion to eliminate the Riemannian curvatures of the virtual stress-free configuration derived from the </span>isothermal<span> stress release. Such a mechanism indicates the non-local effect of the residual stress, which fundamentally modifies the traditional view that invariant formulations cover all the possible functional dependence of residual stress. Also, the obtained governing equations are similar to Einstein field equations of the general theory of relativity. This similarity may deeply imply a standard mechanism concerning the curvature compensation leading to residual stress genesis. We finally conduct comparative analyses of the spherically symmetric and axisymmetric problems between the current constitutive relation and the existing models. The influences of adopting distinct residual stresses, the performance of the non-local effect, and the availability of the new constitutive relation are investigated in detail. This framework can shed some light on the constitutive modeling of soft materials.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138480630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On shear-dependent vibration of nano frames","authors":"Hayri Metin Numanoğlu ,&nbsp;Ömer Civalek","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.103992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.103992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>In this study, the effect of shear deformation on the atomic size-dependent </span>free vibration of nanoframes is investigated. The equations of motion of axial and bending vibrations are obtained via the variational algebra according to nonlocal </span>elasticity theory<span>. Axial and bending behaviors<span> are expressed by using simple rod theory and first-order shear deformation beam theory, respectively. By combining the nonlocal finite element solutions for the equations of motion, an eigenvalue formulation for the free vibration of nanoframe is developed. In the presentation of numerical results, firstly, some comparison studies are carried out to show the accuracy of the present analysis. Then, the variations of nondimensional frequencies of three different nanoframe structures are investigated with respect to various parameters, and the results are discussed in detail. The focus of this study is to better understand the dynamic behavior of nanostructures that are within the scope of nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) technology and can be modelled with discrete members.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138475670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum: New classes of electro-elastic and thermo-electro-elastic bodies that are not Green elastic✰","authors":"Roger Bustamante","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.103967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.103967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Some errors are corrected in some expressions for constitutive relations, where the Cauchy stress tensor is one of the main variables.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138473498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osmotically driven beading instability in axons: Continuum theory, perturbation analysis and finite element implementation","authors":"Mohammad Dehghany ,&nbsp;Reza Naghdabadi ,&nbsp;Saeed Sohrabpour ,&nbsp;Yunlong Li ,&nbsp;Yuhang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.103971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.103971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Axonal beading or formation of multiple beads along an axon is characteristic of many brain pathological states like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and traumatic injuries. Despite the many existing experimental studies, the underlying mechanisms of this shape instability remain still poorly understood. In this paper, we establish a combined theoretical and numerical framework to study the governing key factors of this morphological transformation. We develop a three-dimensional (3D) non-equilibrium </span>large deformation<span> thermodynamic model<span><span> with two main parts: the central axoplasm which is considered as a polyelectrolyte hydrogel and the encapsulating cortical membrane which is modeled as an incompressible hyperelastic layer with surface energy and growing surface. The model constitutive and evolution equations are then extracted employing thermodynamic balance principles for both bulk and surface material points. It is shown that the second law of thermodynamics indicates that the axolemma growth rate is proportional to the </span>membrane tension<span> which is in perfect agreement with the available experimental findings. While the developed model is general and can be extended to cover other types of axonal beadings, for the sake of simplicity, here, we focus on osmotically driven axisymmetric beadings which are compressible viscoelastic periodic modulations. We solve the corresponding governing equations using the linear perturbation method. This </span></span></span></span>perturbation analysis<span> proves that: 1) the beading instability is a rate dependent phenomenon that is controlled by the axolemma growth, 2) the initially dominant beading waves (the fastest waves) might be replaced only by longer waves which are more stable and 3) the wavelength of the fastest beads should vary roughly linearly with the axonal radius. These main findings are all in good agreement with the existing experimental results. Finally, the finite element implementation of the model is also presented to verify the results of the linear stability analysis<span> for slow waves. The obtained axisymmetric finite element results are in good agreement with the corresponding theoretical findings.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138455742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smart electro-magneto-viscoelastomer minimum energy structures with particle-reinforcements: Theoretical equilibrium and nonlinear dynamics of actuated configurations","authors":"A. Khurana ,&nbsp;S. Naskar ,&nbsp;R.K. Varma ,&nbsp;T. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.103974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijengsci.2023.103974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soft transduction technology is rapidly adopting soft active elastomer-based minimum energy structures because of their distinctive programmable shape-morphing characteristics. For effective device design, an understanding of the nonlinear dynamic behavior is crucial as they often experience time-dependent motion while operating. Moreover, there has been an increasing scientific interest in enhancing the actuation performance of soft active elastomers by imparting particle reinforcements. This article provides a theoretical framework for investigating the nonlinear dynamics of smart composite elastomer-based minimum energy structures (SCEMES) with the provision of non-aligned electric and magnetic fields, leading to an actively programmable pre-stretch paradigm. Unlike conventional actuators, the proposed SCEMES is made up of a polymer that has electro-magnetic properties and is filled with appropriate fillers with specific volume fractions. An electromagneto-viscoelastic model is developed here to predict actuator behavior and investigate the effects of particle reinforcement on equilibrium and actuated configurations. Besides strengthening the polymer, particle reinforcement is observed to enhance the equilibrium angle achieved by the structure with enhanced functionality. The proposed nonlinear dynamic model is extended to investigate a number of critically influential parameters, including shear modulus ratio of fiber to matrix, frame bending stiffness, membrane pre-stretching, and electro-magnetic loading with time-dependent DC and AC modes of actuation. The results reveal that the combined electro-magnetic actuation enhances the actuation range significantly. The attained tip angle of the actuator increases appreciably when the magnetic and electric fields are applied mutually perpendicular to each other, indicating that the direction of applied magnetic field governs the attained actuated configuration. Further, particle reinforcement enrichments result in a depletion in oscillation amplitudes and an increase in excitation frequencies under the AC actuation mode. The efficient semi-analytical framework presented here would be crucial in developing new actuators, smart devices and soft robots for a variety of advanced engineering and medical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14053,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020722523001659/pdfft?md5=0348026a199af7f5d484e1f5aa5cd69c&pid=1-s2.0-S0020722523001659-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138455018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}