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Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium最新文献

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A 3 to 30 MHz high-resolution synthesizer consisting of a DDS, divide-and-mix modules, and a M/N synthesizer 一种3至30 MHz高分辨率合成器，由DDS、分混模块和M/N合成器组成
Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560277
R. Karlquist
{"title":"A 3 to 30 MHz high-resolution synthesizer consisting of a DDS, divide-and-mix modules, and a M/N synthesizer","authors":"R. Karlquist","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1996.560277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1996.560277","url":null,"abstract":"A 3 to 30 MHz synthesizer is described that uses divide and mix modules to clean up the output of a DDS resulting in a building block signal source that generates an output at 10.7 MHz with a 4.2% tuning range. The divide and mix modules are based on a previously described narrowband design that has been modified for greater tuning range. Both the old and new designs exploit inexpensive ceramic filters that are normally used in the IF stages of radio receivers. The basic 10.7 MHz band is applied to an M/N synthesizer to produce an output band from 3 to 30 MHz. Various techniques for filtering harmonics from the frequency divider output are discussed, as well as circuit design details of the 10.7 MHz mixers and filters. A PLL version of the M/N synthesizer is described that covers the band from 240 to 700 MHz, again starting from the 10.7 MHz input.","PeriodicalId":140391,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116425491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
A wide variable range VCXO for IC 用于IC的宽可变量程VCXO
Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560246
Y. Lee, Y. Sasaki, H. Otsuka, Y. Sekine
{"title":"A wide variable range VCXO for IC","authors":"Y. Lee, Y. Sasaki, H. Otsuka, Y. Sekine","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1996.560246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1996.560246","url":null,"abstract":"We suggest the use of a Miller capacitor as the variable capacitance circuit of the BJT-VCXO (VCXO using a bipolar junction transistor). When the external MOSFET's gate-drain capacitance is 10 pF, we show that the BJT-VCXO using this variable capacitance circuit has a wide frequency variation of about 500 ppm. Also, we suggest the use of the MOSFET's resistance change as the variable capacitance circuit of the CMOS-VCXO (VCXO using a CMOS crystal oscillator). When the external gate-drain capacitance is 30 pF, we show that the CMOS-VCXO using this variable capacitance circuit has a wide frequency variation of over 330 ppm.","PeriodicalId":140391,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117102056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
The surface acoustic wave propagation characteristics of 41/spl deg/ lithium niobate with thin-film SiO/sub 2/ 41/spl度/铌酸锂薄膜SiO/ sub2 /的表面声波传播特性
Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.559846
F. Hickernell, H.D. Knuth, R.C. Dablemont, T. Hickernell
{"title":"The surface acoustic wave propagation characteristics of 41/spl deg/ lithium niobate with thin-film SiO/sub 2/","authors":"F. Hickernell, H.D. Knuth, R.C. Dablemont, T. Hickernell","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1996.559846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1996.559846","url":null,"abstract":"The surface acoustic wave (SAW) propagation properties of 41/spl deg/ Y-X lithium niobate (LiNbO/sub 3/) with SiO/sub 2/ film layers have been investigated using interdigital transducer structures. Different thicknesses of SiO/sub 2/ from 500 nm to 1500 nm were deposited on the 41/spl deg/ LiNbO/sub 3/ by RF diode sputtering from a glass target. An arrayed transducer pattern of aluminum interdigital transducer electrodes on the upper SiO/sub 2/ film surface facilitated the excitation of a wide frequency band of harmonic waves and permitted delineation of SAW velocity and propagation loss characteristics for several values of film-thickness to acoustic-wavelength (t//spl lambda/) ratio. With resonator patterns at the substrate/film interface, the capacitance ratio (C/sub m//C/sub 0/), related to coupling factor, and the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) were determined.","PeriodicalId":140391,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128569528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Gamma-ray diffractometry method for nondestructive dislocation density control in massive quartz crystals 块状石英晶体中无损位错密度控制的伽马射线衍射法
Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.559827
I. Kalashnikova, V. Naumov, A. Kurbakov, A. Sokolov, S. Pashkov
{"title":"Gamma-ray diffractometry method for nondestructive dislocation density control in massive quartz crystals","authors":"I. Kalashnikova, V. Naumov, A. Kurbakov, A. Sokolov, S. Pashkov","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1996.559827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1996.559827","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation of dislocation density in massive quartz crystals was carried out with the help of a /spl gamma/-ray diffractometer. Statistical dynamic diffraction theory was used for the dislocation density calculations from experimental results. The compared data were obtained for several quartz crystals on the determination of the dislocation density by various means: using a /spl gamma/-ray diffractometer, X-ray topography and by calculation of etching channels in AT-cut plates for the same crystal. Good agreement between the results obtained by these methods shows that the /spl gamma/-ray diffractometry method can be a method for nondestructive dislocation concentration control in massive quartz crystals.","PeriodicalId":140391,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127253909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A standard for PM and AM noise at 10.6, 21.2 and 42.4 GHz 10.6、21.2和42.4 GHz的PM和AM噪声标准
Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560265
F. Ascarrunz, F. Walls
{"title":"A standard for PM and AM noise at 10.6, 21.2 and 42.4 GHz","authors":"F. Ascarrunz, F. Walls","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1996.560265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1996.560265","url":null,"abstract":"A portable amplitude-modulation (AM) and phase-modulation (PM) noise standard has been developed for carrier frequencies of 10.6, 21.2 and 42.4 GHz. The noise level from the carrier 1/2 S/sub /spl phi//(f) (phase noise) or 1/2 S/sub a/(f) (amplitude noise) is -122.6 dBc/Hz at 10.6 GHz, -119.6 dBc/Hz at 21.2 GHz and -116.3 dBc/Hz at 42.4 GHz. For Fourier frequencies of 1 kHz to 10 MHz the added noise is flat with an uncertainty of /spl plusmn/0.25 dB. The uncertainty of the noise level for Fourier frequencies of 1 kHz to 100 MHz is /spl plusmn/0.5 dB. The residual PM noise floor between the signal and reference outputs at 100 MHz is less than -182 dBc/Hz.","PeriodicalId":140391,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123343265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Design of longitudinally coupled SAW resonator filters with Chebyshev characteristics 具有切比雪夫特性的纵向耦合SAW谐振器滤波器的设计
Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.559866
K. Nakamura, H. Amano
{"title":"Design of longitudinally coupled SAW resonator filters with Chebyshev characteristics","authors":"K. Nakamura, H. Amano","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1996.559866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1996.559866","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a design method for longitudinally coupled SAW resonator filters with Chebyshev characteristics. First, an equivalent circuit representation of the n-coupled-resonator filter is given by acoustically cascading the distributed-parameter equivalent circuits for IDT's and grating reflectors, based on the coupling-of-mode (COM) theory. Then, this original circuit is converted to a more refined coupled-resonator type circuit by applying a sequence of equivalent transformations to the original circuit without using any approximations. Finally this circuit is approximated by a lumped-parameter circuit. This enables us to design bandpass filters with Chebyshev characteristics. Some 4-coupled resonator filters on 36/spl deg/Y-X LiTaO/sub 3/ substrates are designed. Filters with a specific bandwidth less than 0.2% can be successfully designed.","PeriodicalId":140391,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121348978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Acoustic plate mode properties of rotated Y-cut quartz 旋转y型石英的声板模特性
Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.559922
C. Jeffrey, M. Schweyer, J.F. Vetellino
{"title":"Acoustic plate mode properties of rotated Y-cut quartz","authors":"C. Jeffrey, M. Schweyer, J.F. Vetellino","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1996.559922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1996.559922","url":null,"abstract":"Recent demands for compact, low cost, accurate sensors for fluid phase operation have been largely unmet. Among the most promising technologies are piezoelectric sensors. The piezoelectric sensors directly detect mechanical and electrical property changes caused by the analyte and are thus amenable to continuous monitoring of fluid streams. The current effort is directed towards the development of trace ion (e.g. mercury) and biochemical (e.g. DNA, antibodies, toxins) detection. Several candidate structures have been proposed and many have been shown to be feasible for fluid phase sensing; however, the best experimental piezoelectric sensor results published to date employed the SHAPM structure. The sensors detected approximately 10 ng/ml of such analytes as mercury, human IgG and cholera toxin and employed lithium niobate plate mode devices. The X-propagating Z-cut (ZX) lithium niobate wafers provide low propagation loss, high mass sensitivity, high electrical coupling and a single electrically-dominant acoustic mode. The principal drawback is the poor temperature stability of the material (-78 ppm//spl deg/C). In order to obtain better results the residual temperature instability of lithium niobate must be overcome while not substantially sacrificing its advantageous properties. In order to accomplish this, the current work analyzes potentially temperature stable plate modes in quartz crystals for dominant, temperature-stable, electrically-efficient, mass-sensitive acoustic modes with low propagation loss under fluid loading.","PeriodicalId":140391,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121535132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Continuous, multi-channel, common-view, L1-GPS time-comparison over a 4,000 km baseline 连续、多通道、共视、L1-GPS时间比对超过4000公里基线
Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560313
R. Giffard, L. Cutler, J. Kusters, M. Miranian, D. Allan
{"title":"Continuous, multi-channel, common-view, L1-GPS time-comparison over a 4,000 km baseline","authors":"R. Giffard, L. Cutler, J. Kusters, M. Miranian, D. Allan","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1996.560313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1996.560313","url":null,"abstract":"We are investigating a method of time comparison described as \"Advanced Common-View GPS\" or GPS-ACV. This is a technique that uses the largest possible number of observations on all satellites in common-view to average short-term noise and reduce the effect of errors. The goal is to make optimum use of all degrees of freedom afforded by the data. We have recently tested the ACV method over a 4,000 km baseline using inexpensive, single-frequency, modular GPS receivers. The results indicate that a measurement noise of less than 1 nanosecond can be obtained for averaging times of 1 and 2 days. The equivalent uncertainty for frequency transfer is below 10/sup -14/.","PeriodicalId":140391,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114116888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Distribution, remote control and measurement of frequency stable, low phase noise standard signals 分配、遥控和测量频率稳定、相位噪声低的标准信号
Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560282
H. E. Peters, H. B. Owings, C.C. MacMillan, T. Oakley, L. Smith
{"title":"Distribution, remote control and measurement of frequency stable, low phase noise standard signals","authors":"H. E. Peters, H. B. Owings, C.C. MacMillan, T. Oakley, L. Smith","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1996.560282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1996.560282","url":null,"abstract":"Research, development and application of two unique instruments providing improved solutions to the problems encountered in the distribution, remote control and measurement of frequency stable, low phase noise standard signals are described. One of these is an Auxiliary Output Generator (AOG) providing remotely and locally controllable variation of frequency and phase with unprecedented resolution and low noise using a 5 MHz reference standard. The AOG provides the function of a continuously variable phase or frequency shifter as well as a synchronizable one pulse per second output. The second instrument is a Time Domain Measurement System (TDMS) including an internal offset generator so that stability, frequency and phase measurements can be made with exceptional precision without changing the frequency or phase of the source. Design concepts and applications of these instruments are described and measurement sensitivities are presented in conjunction with stability curves illustrating the performance of Sigma Tau Standards Corporation atomic hydrogen masers.","PeriodicalId":140391,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121251896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A cesium beam atomic clock computer model 铯束原子钟计算机模型
Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560300
B. Jaduszliwer
{"title":"A cesium beam atomic clock computer model","authors":"B. Jaduszliwer","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1996.560300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1996.560300","url":null,"abstract":"A cesium atomic clock computer model could play an important role in diagnosing clock anomalies or failures on board GPS satellites. It could also be used as a design and quality control tool. We describe an ab initio model of the cesium clock physics package (the cesium beam tube, or CBT). It has a modular architecture, in which independent program units simulate the operation of different CBT components or functions, and communicate through data files which are an integral part of the model. Those modules simulate all CBT functions and monitor outputs. Results obtained for atomic beam speed distributions and microwave spectra are in very good agreement with actual measurements; the model can display all the deviations from ideal behaviour which may be observed in a real CBT. This CBT model, unique in its completeness and level of detail, is the first stage in the development of a full Aerospace Cesium Clock Model (ACCM).","PeriodicalId":140391,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115854165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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