Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium最新文献_第2页

Acoustic loss in cultured quartz 人工培养石英的声损失

Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.559839

J.J. Martin

{"title":"Acoustic loss in cultured quartz","authors":"J.J. Martin","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1996.559839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1996.559839","url":null,"abstract":"The Q of a quartz resonator is limited by the resonator design, the mounting structure and electrodes, the surrounding atmosphere, and the quartz itself. The loss of all quartz resonators is limited by the interaction between the active vibration and the thermal phonon bath. This intrinsic loss limits the Q of 5 MHz overtone AT-cut crystals to about 3 million. Defects cause additional losses. Of these, substitutional aluminum with its charge compensating-ion is the most important. The Al-Li center which dominates in unswept cultured quartz does not contribute any loss. However, the Al-Na center which is present in quartz grown without the addition of lithium to the mineralizer causes a strong loss at 54 K in 5 MHz crystals. The Al-OH center which is present in swept quartz (and after irradiation) has a loss peak near 600 K. Low-temperature loss peaks are associated with the Al-hole center which is produced by irradiation or by vacuum electrolysis. The Al-Na loss in a BT-cut resonator is approximately one-fifth that of an equivalent AT-cut while SC-cuts are intermediate. The Al-Na is also observed in low-frequency bar resonators. These results suggest that the Al-Na defect couples to all modes. At high temperatures a strong rapidly-increasing thermally-activated loss is observed. This high temperature loss is primarily due to alkali ions that have thermally escaped from the Al-site. Other defect centers also cause loss in crystals. The OH-growth defects do not have an associated loss. However, there are alkali-compensated versions of these defects which have loss peaks just above room temperature. Sweeping converts the alkali versions into OH-growth defects and increases the mechanical Q.","PeriodicalId":140391,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127034479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

High thermal stability microwave oscillator based on HTSC resonator 基于HTSC谐振腔的高热稳定性微波振荡器

Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560253

R. Kojouharov, T. Nurgaliev, M. Taslakov, R.A. Chakalov, T. Donchev, A. Spasov, Z. Ivanov, I. Angelov, L. Johansson, E. Kollberg, T. Claeson

{"title":"High thermal stability microwave oscillator based on HTSC resonator","authors":"R. Kojouharov, T. Nurgaliev, M. Taslakov, R.A. Chakalov, T. Donchev, A. Spasov, Z. Ivanov, I. Angelov, L. Johansson, E. Kollberg, T. Claeson","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1996.560253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1996.560253","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in high temperature superconducting (HTSC) thin films have made possible the construction of microwave resonators with a very high Q values because of the significantly lower surface resistance than that of normal metals. In this paper microwave characteristics of microstrip resonators fabricated from YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// and Tl/sub 2/Ba/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8/ thin films were studied and their application for stabilization of a microwave oscillator was shown. Two oscillators were fabricated and tested, one at 4 GHz with YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// meander-type resonator and a hybrid oscillator implemented on RT/Duroid substrate and Tl/sub 2/Ba/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8/ linear microstrip resonator operated at 12 GHz. The designs were parallel feedback mode oscillators and transmission-type high-Q HTSC resonators were used as bandpass filters. A frequency instability of the hybrid oscillator with Tl/sub 2/Ba/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8/ resonator of -0.16 ppm/K at 77 K was achieved which exceeds that possible with state-of-the-art DROs and SAWOs at 12 GHz.","PeriodicalId":140391,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121579941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Lame-mode quartz crystal resonators 无模石英晶体谐振器

Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.559890

H. Kawashima, M. Matsuyama, K. Sunaga

引用次数: 2

Reducing the normal acceleration sensitivity of surface transverse wave resonators using micromachined isolation systems 利用微机械隔离系统降低表面横波谐振器的法向加速度灵敏度

Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.559896

J. R. Reid, V. Bright, J. T. Stewart, J. Kosinski

引用次数: 8

Finite element analysis of single crystal tuning forks for gyroscopes 陀螺仪单晶音叉的有限元分析

Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.559946

S. Kudo, S. Sugawara, N. Wakatuki

引用次数: 13

Experimental studies on flicker noise in quartz crystal resonators as a function of electrode volume, drive current, type of quartz, and fabrication process 石英晶体谐振器中闪烁噪声与电极体积、驱动电流、石英类型和制造工艺关系的实验研究

Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560264

E. Ferre-Pikal, F. Walls, J. Vig, J.F. Garcia Nava

{"title":"Experimental studies on flicker noise in quartz crystal resonators as a function of electrode volume, drive current, type of quartz, and fabrication process","authors":"E. Ferre-Pikal, F. Walls, J. Vig, J.F. Garcia Nava","doi":"10.1109/FREQ.1996.560264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FREQ.1996.560264","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the effect of electrode size, drive current, sweeping, type of polishing, and ultra-thin electrodes on the 1/f or flicker frequency and phase modulation (PM) noise of quartz crystal resonators. The 1/f noise of resonators with three different electrode diameters was measured and compared. The PM noise performances of all three resonator types, measured in a test oscillator, were similar with an average of -100 dBc/Hz, a variation of approximately /spl plusmn/10 dB, and a minimum value of /spl Lscr/(10 Hz)=-110 dBc/Hz. (dBc/Hz refers to dB below the carrier in a 1 Hz bandwidth.) We also found that the 1/f noise in many of these resonators varied significantly (up to 10 dB) with drive current. We also had other groups of resonators made out of swept quartz bars, with a special polishing process and/or ultra-thin electrode edges. These groups yielded similar results: an average PM noise of -98 dBc/Hz, and a variation of /spl plusmn/10 dB. The amplitude-frequency effect of the resonators was also investigated. The frequency versus amplitude curve, measured using a network analyzer, showed discontinuities in some of the resonators with poor noise. There is some indication that these discontinuities or \"jumps\" may be due to stress relief in the crystal or noisy contacts.","PeriodicalId":140391,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133877465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

An MCXO for a man-portable satellite terminal 用于单兵便携式卫星终端的MCXO

Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.559955

B. Rose, E. Jackson, L. Kushner

引用次数: 1

Lateral-field-excitation acoustic resonators for monolithic oscillators and filters 用于单片振荡器和滤波器的横向场激励声学谐振器

Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.559925

W. W. Lau, Yong-Joo Song, E. S. Kim

引用次数: 13

Precision crystal oscillator for interplanetary radio science 星际无线电科学用精密晶体振荡器

Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560252

J. M. Cloeren, C. Hamilton

引用次数: 2

Frequency control method for microwave oscillators using straightedge MSW resonators 采用直筒式固体固体垃圾谐振器的微波振荡器频率控制方法

Proceedings of 1996 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium Pub Date : 1996-06-05 DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1996.560255

T. Koike, T. Hirao, T. Ito, T. Nagano

引用次数: 2