International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Vitamin D on Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients with Systolic Heart Failure: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Reza Hassanzadeh-Makoui,&nbsp;Maziar Jamei,&nbsp;Masoud Hassanzadeh-Makoui,&nbsp;Hamid Khederlou","doi":"10.5812/ijem.103528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.103528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure is a pathophysiologic state in which the cardiac output is not able to supply the body with enough oxygen and nutrients. The prevalence of heart failure has increased dramatically over the last decades. Vitamin D levels in patients with chronic heart failure are lower than healthy controls, and vitamin D deficiency has a direct relationship with mortality.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D on the improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with systolic heart failure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this case-control clinical trial, 142 patients with chronic systolic heart failure were identified. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 114 patients were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups. One group (n = 58) received 50,000 units of vitamin D capsules weekly for eight weeks, and the patients in the other group (n = 56) received a placebo. After excluding 15 patients from the placebo group and 17 patients from the intervention group during the study, according to the exclusion criteria, 41 patients were evaluated in both groups for ejection fraction changes after two months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the results of this research, there were no statistically significant differences in the baseline parameters between the two studied groups. The intervention group consisted of 18 female and 23 male patients with a mean age of 61.68 ± 19.8 years. Moreover, the placebo group included 21 female and 20 male patients with a mean age of 62.12 ± 18.2 years. After a 2-month follow-up, the intervention group showed statistically significant changes in ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, and heart failure class compared to the placebo group. Also, the serum level of albumin and vitamin D in the intervention group was significantly higher than the placebo group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this study show that vitamin D treatment can improve the ejection fraction and functional ability of patients with vitamin D deficiency. If more comprehensive studies support this hypothesis, vitamin D deficiency assessment and correction in patients with chronic heart failure may be recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"18 3","pages":"e103528"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/b9/ijem-18-3-103528.PMC7695351.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38657223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Evening Chronotype with Poor Control of Type 2 Diabetes: Roles of Sleep Duration and Insomnia Level.","authors":"Sima Hashemipour,&nbsp;Zohreh Yazdi,&nbsp;Niloofar Mahabad","doi":"10.5812/ijem.99701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.99701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evening chronotype is usually associated with insomnia and short sleep duration.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the independent association of chronotype with diabetes control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 140 patients with type 2 diabetes were studied. The insomnia score was examined by a 7-item questionnaire. Also, chronotype was assessed by a 19-item questionnaire, and using the questionnaire, the patients were divided into three groups of morning, intermediate, and evening. This questionnaire has been developed for evaluating the preference for performing mental and physical activities at a special time of day. The Multivariate hierarchical analysis was applied for investigating the independent association of chronotype and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels were significantly different across all the three chronotype groups such that it had the highest value in the evening group and the lowest value in the morning group (FBS = 164.5 ± 34.1 mg/dL and HbA1c = 8.7% ± 1.7, in the evening group, and FBS = 132.7 ± 23.1 mg/dL and HbA1c = 6.9% ± 0.4 in the morning group, P < 0.001). The morning group had longer sleep duration and less insomnia than other groups. Results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that the chronotype explained 28.4% of the variance of HbA1c. Results of the final model demonstrated that the chronotype had a relationship with HbA1c, independent of body mass index (BMI), time of going to bed, and insomnia score.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evening chronotype is associated with poorer control of diabetes, independent of BMI and sleep variables.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"18 3","pages":"e99701"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cd/de/ijem-18-3-99701.PMC7699824.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38678167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D and COVID-19: Does a Deficiency Point Towards an Unfavorable Outcome?","authors":"Sameer Bhimani,&nbsp;Hiba Khalid,&nbsp;Momina Khalid,&nbsp;Rohan Kumar Ochani","doi":"10.5812/ijem.107669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.107669","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"18 3","pages":"e107669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/54/ijem-18-3-107669.PMC7695224.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38657224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Maternal Dietary Components During Pregnancy and/or Lactation with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Shadi Salek,&nbsp;Mahin Hashemipour,&nbsp;Awat Feizi,&nbsp;Silva Hovsepian,&nbsp;Roya Kelishadi","doi":"10.5812/ijem.93076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.93076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Considering the increasing trend in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the identification of its environmental determinants, especially those related to the prenatal and lactation period, might ultimately result in primary prevention of the disease. We aimed to review the evidence of the association between mothers' dietary components during pregnancy and/or lactation with T1DM.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>An electronic and comprehensive literature search was performed until August 2019 in the international databases, including Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, and Scopus, using the following keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmunity, mother, maternal, diet and lactation in different combinations. Papers related to the objectives of the study were selected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on our review, the maternal consumption of meat, especially processed meat, was associated with increased risk of T1DM, whereas the maternal use of vegetables, potato, low-fat margarine, and berries showed protective effects against the development of T1DM in offspring. There was no significant association between the use of multivitamins and mineral supplements with T1DM, according to the available data. The results of the reviewed studies regarding the association between the maternal use of vitamin D, fatty acids, and coffee during pregnancy with T1DM were not consistent and conclusive.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings of this review indicate that the maternal consumption of some foods is associated with increased or decreased risk of T1DM. However, for some foods or dietary components, including coffee, vitamin D, and fatty acids, the results are not conclusive. We conclude that although maternal diet could influence the development of insulin autoantibodies (IA) and T1DM in offspring, there is no sufficient evidence for most nutrients, and available data are controversial, which should be dealt with in future cohort or interventional studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"18 3","pages":"e93076"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/dc/ijem-18-3-93076.PMC7695223.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38659817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yali Wei,&nbsp;Shuli Wang,&nbsp;Yan Meng,&nbsp;Qingtao Yu,&nbsp;Qian Wang,&nbsp;Hongzhao Xu,&nbsp;Huacai Yuan,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Li,&nbsp;Liyong Chen","doi":"10.5812/ijem.97205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.97205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Vitamin D (VD) has been found to play a key role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This meta-analysis explored the effects of VD supplementation in patients with NAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched to find randomized control trials (RCTs) that measured the changes between the VD supplement group and the control group until May 2019. Standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated when data units were different, otherwise weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% CI was calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight RCTs with 624 individuals were extracted. The main indicators, including serum alanine aminotransferase (WMD = -0.052; 95% CI: -3.740, 3.636; P = 0.978) and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations (WMD = -0.479; 95% CI: -2.791, 1.833; P = 0.685) were not significantly different between the intervention and placebo groups. In addition, no significant intergroup difference was observed in the following secondary indicators: fasting blood glucose (WMD = 0.466; 95% CI: -5.313, -10.879; P = 0.061), homeostasis model assessment (WMD = 0.380, 95% CI: -0.162, 0.923; P = 0.169), serum insulin concentration (WMD = 0.760; 95% CI: -0.532, 2.052; P = 0.249), high-density lipoprotein (WMD = -0.012; 95% CI: -0.188, 0.164; P = 0.891), and low-density lipoprotein (WMD = -0.115; 95% CI: -3.849, -3.620; P = 0.952).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate that VD supplementation does not improve liver enzymes, insulin resistance, glucose metabolism parameters, and lipid levels in patients with NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"18 3","pages":"e97205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0a/1c/ijem-18-3-97205.PMC7695226.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38659818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Perspective in the Management of Graves’ Hyperthyroidism","authors":"F. Azizi","doi":"10.5812/ijem.102270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.102270","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49246609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Relapse After Antithyroid Drugs Withdrawal: A Narrative Review","authors":"Pei-Wen Wang","doi":"10.5812/ijem.102346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.102346","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Antithyroid drugs (ATD) are the first-line treatment for Graves’ disease (GD); however, relapse following treatment is approximately 30% - 40% in the first year, and 50% - 60% in the long term. Identification of risk factors that predict relapse, after discontinuing ATD, plays an important role in guiding therapeutic options. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed was used to search for studies published in English between 1995 and 2019. The following search terms were used: Graves’ disease, antithyroid drugs, relapse, recurrence, and outcome. The reference lists from review articles were also included in the search in order to find older journals. Results: Factors associated with a high recurrence rate, as reported in most studies, were divided into phenotype and genotype predictors. Phenotype factors included large goiter size, persistence of high TSH receptor antibody (TRAb), severe hyperthyroidism, smoking, younger age, male sex, and prior history of recurrence. Genotype factors included human leukocyte antigen (HLA), CD40, CTLA-4, PTPN22, Tg, and TSHR genes. In a subgroup analysis by age, genetic factors were better predictors in the younger group, while clinical signs were more useful in the older group. The reliability of using individual baseline risk factors to predict subsequent relapse is poor; however, predictive scores calculated by grouping single risk factors might help to predict future outcomes. Conclusions: Longer normalization time of TRAb, the persistence of a palpable goiter, and harboring genetic risk factors in younger patients are associated with high recurrence rate of GD. Multi-marker prediction models have been proposed and validated to improve the predictive value of relapse after ATD withdrawal.","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42333389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Antithyroid Treatment in Pediatric and Juvenile Graves’ Disease","authors":"H. Delshad, M. Takyar","doi":"10.5812/ijem.106491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.106491","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Thyroid hormones can affect the development and function of the central nervous system and various other organs. As such, the pathologic excess of these hormones, known as thyrotoxicosis, can be the source of significant damage during childhood and adolescence. The objective of this study was to review the management of Graves’ disease (GD) in the pediatric age group, especially concerning long-term antithyroid drug (ATD) treatment. Evidence Acquisition: A thorough search of literature published from 1980 to 2019 was performed in PubMed only for English language literature. The following key terms were used: “Graves’ disease, hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis in children, thyrotoxicosis remission, thyrotoxicosis relapse, definite therapy, radioactive iodine, thyroidectomy, anti-thyroid drugs, propylthiouracil, methimazole, and carbimazole”. We also did a thorough search in review articles, observational studies, open-label/controlled randomized/non-randomized trials, and meta-analyses, as well as the articles cited by textbooks, chapters, and review articles, which led us to locate older sources of information on the topic. Results: More than 90% of thyrotoxicosis in the pediatric age group is attributable to GD. A host of strategies, including ATDs, radioiodine therapy, and surgery, are employed to treat this entity. However, there is still significant controversy regarding the most optimal strategy. Current evidence suggests that ATDs are the best initial treatment in pediatric patients with GD. Although ATDs are widely used, the duration of their administration is controversial and varies significantly between protocols. A major problem is the high relapse rate (up to 70%), but extending the duration of such treatment could potentially bring the remission rate up to 88%. Indications for using radioactive iodine treatment include the lack of remission following years of receiving ATDs, poor compliance, and the emergence of a major side effect. In pediatric patients aged five-years-old or younger who suffer from very large goiter, severe ophthalmopathy, and persistent hyperthyroidism, as well as those with the lack of response to or showing adverse effects of ATDs, it is advisable to consider total or near-total thyroidectomy. Conclusions: Antithyroid drugs are the mainstay of treatment of juvenile GD, and long-term methimazole therapy increases the remission rate in pediatric GD.","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42397142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycemic Index (GI) Values for Major Sources of Dietary Carbohydrates in Iran.","authors":"Fatemeh Kazemi,&nbsp;Goodarz Danaei,&nbsp;Farshad Farzadfar,&nbsp;Vasanti Malik,&nbsp;Mahboubeh Parsaeian,&nbsp;Hamed Pouraram,&nbsp;Negar Zamaninour,&nbsp;Jamal Rahmani,&nbsp;Ahmad Reza Dorosty Motlagh","doi":"10.5812/ijem.99793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.99793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The glycemic index (GI) values of staple foods are not available in a standardized method in Iran.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to measure the GI values of the major carbohydrate sources in a typical Iranian diet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the international standard method, the GI values were determined for four wheat flatbreads, barley and rye bread, white and brown rice, as well as white and brown rice mixed with lentils. Twelve healthy adults were given 50 g anhydrous glucose three times (as the reference carbohydrate) and the test foods once each throughout the study. Using finger-prick blood samples, capillary blood glucose was measured using a reliable glucometer. The GI was calculated using the trapezoidal method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GI values of the following types of bread were: Barley 66, Lavash 72, Taftoon 79, Sangak 82, rye 84, and Barbari 99. The GI values for brown and white rice were 65 and 71, respectively. The mixture of brown rice with lentils had a GI value of 55, and the mixture of white rice with lentils had a GI of 79.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The most common types of bread and white rice consumed in Iran have high GI values. There is potential to reduce the overall GI values in the Iranian diet by encouraging the consumption of barley bread and brown rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"18 3","pages":"e99793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/b6/ijem-18-3-99793.PMC7695225.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38657220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Graves’ Hyperthyroidism: More Than a Century of Progression","authors":"H. Abdi, A. Amouzegar","doi":"10.5812/ijem.103943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/ijem.103943","url":null,"abstract":"Context: There are three therapeutic modalities for the management of Graves’ disease (GD), including thyroid surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI), and antithyroid drugs (ATDs). We aimed to briefly review the history of these treatment strategies and their advantages and disadvantages. Evidence Acquisition: We searched PubMed for English language articles using pertinent search terms. Results: Each treatment modality for GD is accompanied by several advantages and disadvantages. Nowadays, ATDs are the most commonly prescribed therapy for GD worldwide. The lack of well-designed, large RCTs comparing three different treatments for hyperthyroidism concerning various short-term and long-term outcomes has led to remarkable uncertainty in the preference of each of these treatments, as is evident in relevant guidelines from different societies. Recently, the efficacy and safety of long-term use of ATDs have been documented. Conclusions: Pros and cons of each therapeutic modality for Graves’ hyperthyroidism should be taken into account during the physician-patient discussion to select the primary treatment. Considering recent data about the long-term efficacy and safety of ATDs, it seems that the appropriate selection of Graves’ patients for long-term ATD therapy can be a new avenue in the treatment and even cure of GD.","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71264821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}