International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Development of an Iranian Clinical Guideline on Perioperative Exercise Therapy for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Delphi Consensus Study Using the AGREE II Framework.","authors":"Parisa Nejati, Ali Kabir, Ali Mazaherinezhad, Haleh Dadgostar, Mohammad Kermansaravi, Lida Nejati","doi":"10.5812/ijem-166557","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-166557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>This guidance aims to advance current understanding of the benefits of exercise therapy and to present an exercise protocol for the preoperative and postoperative periods surrounding metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS).</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>A panel of experts conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to gather evidence. Studies involving exercise interventions before and/or after metabolic and bariatric surgery were included. A three-round Delphi process and the AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation) Checklist were used to facilitate the development of the practice approach. Selected clinical questions were addressed through a consensus-based protocol, with 94% agreement on the final 16 recommendations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16 clinical recommendations were formulated. The benefits of incorporating exercise therapy, as well as the optimal timing and specific protocols for exercise before and after MBS, are highlighted. The recommendations include initiating structured exercise at least three months before surgery and implementing combined aerobic and resistance exercise after surgery. These recommendations emphasize the importance of exercise therapy in improving physical function and metabolic conditions, promoting weight and fat loss, and preventing weight regain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This guidance draws on the latest scientific evidence. Providing clinicians and patients with obesity with an evidence-based approach to practice could help improve quality of life and reduce the burden on society and patients' families. Candidates for MBS are recommended to initiate a structured exercise program at least three months before surgery and to continue long-term participation in combined aerobic and resistance exercise after MBS to optimize metabolic health and body composition outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"24 3","pages":"e166557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148602320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Emotional States: A Summary of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.","authors":"Mahdieh Niknam, Leila Cheraghi, Proushat Shirvani, Maryam Mataji-Amirroud, Parnian Parvin, Sara Jalali-Farahani, Fereidoun Azizi, Parisa Amiri","doi":"10.5812/ijem-167233","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-167233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The current study aimed to review the studies that investigated the association of cardiovascular risks and emotional states in men and women participating in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS).</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted to identify cross-sectional and prospective studies published through February 2026, based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cardiovascular risk factors were defined as weight status, blood pressure, and insulin resistance, while emotional states encompassed depression, anxiety, and stress. Given the heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes, the findings were synthesized narratively, and a meta-analysis was not performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six eligible studies (four cross-sectional and two prospective) were included. Their findings indicated that hypertension and insulin resistance were associated with increased emotional distress, particularly among women with diagnosed hypertension. Long-term weight analyses showed that higher stress levels in males were associated with progression to overweight and obesity from childhood. Severe obesity was associated with greater mental distress in both sexes. Studies on obesity phenotypes indicated that higher anxiety and stress scores were observed among metabolically unhealthy obese women, a pattern also observed in metabolically unhealthy men regardless of weight status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence from the TLGS indicated a sex-dependent association between cardiovascular risks and emotional states, with a significant association observed specifically in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"24 3","pages":"e167233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13187693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147987365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Hormones and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Narrative Review of Findings From 18 Years of Follow-up in the Tehran Thyroid Study.","authors":"Ladan Mehran, Mohamadamin Tarighat-Payma, Safdar Masoumi, Alireza Amirabadizadeh, Fereidoun Azizi, Atieh Amouzegar","doi":"10.5812/ijem-167206","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-167206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Thyroid dysfunction and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are common endocrine disorders with substantial public health implications. Increasing evidence suggests that alterations in thyroid function may influence glycemic regulation and the risk of T2DM. However, long-term population-based evidence on this relationship remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize the association between thyroid function and T2DM using findings from the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS), a large community-based cohort with nearly 2 decades of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the library of the Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences to identify articles within the TTS framework. The retrieved articles were categorized according to their primary predictors and outcomes, including T2DM, thyroid function, thyroid hormone sensitivity, and insulin resistance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 18 years, a longitudinal analysis of 1938 adults showed that each unit increase in log-transformed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was associated with a 25% lower risk of developing T2DM (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64 - 0.90), whereas higher free thyroxine (FT4) levels were associated with a slightly increased risk of T2DM. Cross-sectional data indicated that overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism significantly increased the odds of hyperglycemia, with the highest prevalence (31.3%) observed in subclinical hyperthyroidism. In studies of thyroid hormone sensitivity, a 1-SD increase in the thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI) was associated with higher odds of T2DM, whereas higher central sensitivity indices were associated with lower odds of prediabetes. Lower FT4 levels were independently associated with higher insulin resistance in euthyroid men but not in women. Patients with diabetes had a higher prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism but a lower incidence of thyroid dysfunction compared with controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Trends toward lower TSH or relatively higher FT4 levels are associated with an increased incidence of T2DM. Both overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism are associated with hyperglycemia. Current evidence supports targeted metabolic monitoring in individuals with thyroid hormone excess or altered thyroid sensitivity indices but does not justify routine thyroid-directed therapy solely to prevent T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"24 2","pages":"e167206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148591488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reference Values for Biochemical Analytes in An Iranian Population: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.","authors":"Shayan Sadrinasab, Sajad Jeddi, Fereidoun Azizi, Asghar Ghasemi","doi":"10.5812/ijem-167774","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-167774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Reference values (RVs) are essential tools for medical decision-making, used to interpret an individual's health status and playing a crucial role in patient care. In addition to age, sex, and inherent biological variability, multiple determinants, including ethnicity, genetic background, dietary habits, environmental factors, and lifestyle, which vary across different populations, play a significant role in the establishment of RVs. Thus, each population requires its own RVs to ensure their effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>In this review, we summarize RVs reported in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) between 2010 and 2026, covering 20 analytes measured in apparently healthy participants, including 16 in adults and 4 in pediatrics. Relevant TLGS publications were identified, and their findings were compared with corresponding international data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RVs were provided for 20 parameters, classified into three categories: (1) Glucose, insulin, insulin resistance/sensitivity indices, and lipid profile; (2) thyroid function tests [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4)] and autoimmunity [thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab)]; (3) other variables, including creatinine and minerals (serum zinc and magnesium), and serum nitric oxide metabolites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The RVs determined by the TLGS provide a population-specific framework for the Iranian population and may serve as a more accurate tool for classification and clinical interpretation than common global RVs. These data emphasize the importance of developing localized RVs to enhance diagnostic precision and improve population health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"24 3","pages":"e167774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13402806/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148602569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discordantly Low HbA1c in Patients Receiving Dapsone: Prevalence and Associations with Hemolysis and Methemoglobinemia.","authors":"Teena Chandran, Mohammed Anwar Hussain, Bhavesh Patel, Riddhi Dasgupta, Anu Anna George, Leni George, Dincy Peter, Felix K Jebasingh, Nihal Thomas","doi":"10.5812/ijem-166723","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-166723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is widely used for the diagnosis and long-term monitoring of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, its accuracy may be compromised by conditions and medications that alter erythrocyte lifespan or hemoglobin structure. Dapsone, commonly used in the treatment of Hansen's disease, has been reported to cause spuriously low HbA1c values, but systematic data on its prevalence and underlying mechanisms remain limited.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the prevalence of discordantly low HbA1c levels in patients receiving dapsone therapy, including individuals with and without DM; (2) explore associations between discordant HbA1c and markers of hemolysis and methemoglobinemia; and (3) compare measured HbA1c values obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with expected HbA1c values derived from fructosamine using the glycosyl gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study included 30 patients receiving oral dapsone for Hansen's disease and 10 healthy controls. HbA1c was measured using ion-exchange HPLC and compared with expected HbA1c values calculated from serum fructosamine. Parameters related to hemolysis and methemoglobinemia were assessed. Discordant HbA1c was defined by a negative glycosyl gap. Subgroup analyses were exploratory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among patients receiving dapsone, 16 had DM and 14 were normoglycemic. Discordantly low HbA1c was observed in 27 of 30 patients (90%), including 15 of 16 patients with DM and 12 of 14 without diabetes. Markers of hemolysis and methemoglobinemia showed trends consistent with biological plausibility but did not demonstrate statistically significant differences sufficient to establish causality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high prevalence of discordantly low HbA1c was observed among patients receiving dapsone therapy, highlighting an important clinical pitfall in the interpretation of HbA1c. While hemolysis and methemoglobinemia remain biologically plausible contributors, these findings should be considered hypothesis-generating. Clinicians should exercise caution when interpreting HbA1c in patients treated with dapsone and consider alternative glycemic markers such as fructosamine.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"24 3","pages":"e166723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13181953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A DEXA-Based Cross-sectional Study.","authors":"Ngo Thi Thu Thuy, Nguyen Ngoc Chau, Pham Van Thuc, Le Van Thieu, Nguyen Thi Van Khanh, Tran Vuong The Vinh","doi":"10.5812/ijem-170210","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-170210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Body composition is increasingly recognized as an important factor associated with bone health; however, evidence focusing on individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains limited, particularly in Southeast Asian populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 128 adults with MetS recruited from two medical centers in Vietnam between October 2017 and September 2024. All participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to assess regional body composition and bone mineral density (BMD). Associations between lean mass, fat distribution, and BMD across multiple skeletal sites were evaluated using Pearson correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lean mass indices, including Lean Mass Index (LMI) and Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index (ASMI), were positively associated with BMD across multiple skeletal sites, with the strongest associations observed in the appendicular skeleton and whole body (r = 0.17 - 0.73, P < 0.001). In contrast, central adiposity, reflected by the android-to-gynoid (A/G) fat ratio and regional fat percentages, showed inverse associations with BMD, particularly at the spine and long bones (r = -0.20 to -0.29, P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In adults with MetS, lean mass was positively associated with BMD, whereas central adiposity showed inverse associations with skeletal health. These findings highlight the importance of body composition, beyond BMI alone, in the assessment of bone health in this high-risk population. DEXA-based body composition assessment may provide clinically relevant information to support patient evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"24 2","pages":"e170210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index with Metabolic Syndrome and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Parto Hadaegh, Amir Abdi, Farzad Hadaegh, Golaleh Asghari","doi":"10.5812/ijem-167139","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-167139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in children and adolescents are critical early warning signs for the development of non-communicable disorders in adulthood. Identifying modifiable risk factors such as the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) is therefore essential for implementing early public health interventions to prevent irreversible long-term health consequences.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the association of DII with MetS and CIMT in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Using three literature databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus), we searched for studies published between 1 January 2000 and 1 August 2024, which assessed the association of DII with MetS or CIMT among children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Two reviewers screened and assessed the quality of studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Given the heterogeneity of study designs, a narrative synthesis approach was employed (PROSPERO: CRD420250643107).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 23,393 records identified, two prospective cohorts and five cross-sectional studies met our inclusion criteria, including four and three studies focused on MetS and CIMT as the outcome, respectively. The included studies investigated a combined population of over 13,000 participants, comprising both sexes, aged 6 to 19 years. Two studies, one cross-sectional (odds ratio: 1.20; 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.43) and one prospective (β: 0.12; 0.003, 0.22), showed a harmful association between DII and MetS, while two other studies did not find any statistically significant association. Regarding the association between DII and CIMT, two studies noted null associations, while another study observed a positive association with high CIMT [odds ratio = 2.46 (1.15, 5.24)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In light of the inconsistent associations between the DII with MetS or CIMT reported in the literature, the suggestive evidence of harm from a small number of studies highlights a critical gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"24 3","pages":"e167139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13181956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Hormones and Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review of Findings from 18 Years of Follow-up in Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS).","authors":"Atieh Amouzegar, Mohamadamin Tarighat-Payma, Safdar Masoumi, Alireza Amirabadizadeh, Hengameh Abdi, Fereidoun Azizi, Ladan Mehran","doi":"10.5812/ijem-168079","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-168079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Thyroid dysfunction and metabolic syndrome (MetS) share similar pathophysiological features, suggesting a bidirectional relationship between these two prevalent endocrinological disorders. This review summarizes findings from 18 years of follow-up in the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS), a large community-based prospective cohort, focusing on the association between thyroid function and MetS.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>We systematically reviewed TTS publications (until 2025) on thyroid function and MetS. Exposures included thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyroid feedback indices [Thyroid Feedback Quantile-Based Index (TFQI), Thyrotroph T4 Resistance Index (TT4RI), and TSH Index (TSHI)]. Outcomes were MetS and its components. Study designs ranged from cross-sectional and prospective cohort to joint longitudinal/time-to-event models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cross-sectional TTS analyses showed an inverse association between FT4 (but not TSH) and the prevalence of MetS. Among 3,755 euthyroid adults, a 1-unit increase in FT4 was associated with lower odds of MetS (OR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92 - 0.99). Across thyroid functional states, overt hypothyroidism had the highest MetS prevalence (41.6%); in men, overt hypothyroidism was associated with higher odds of MetS versus euthyroidism (OR 2.9, 95% CI: 1.04 - 8.40). Prospective TTS analyses supported a modest thyroid-to-MetS direction. In a 10-year cohort of 2,393 participants without MetS at baseline, declining FT4 over follow-up predicted incident MetS in non-obese adults (OR 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34 - 0.96) and was associated with lower odds of incident abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. In joint longitudinal-time-to-event models (n = 1,436; median 9-year follow-up), higher time-varying TSH was associated with higher MetS risk (HR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.28), while higher FT4 predicted lower MetS risk (HR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.29 - 0.97). In the reverse direction, baseline MetS did not independently predict incident thyroid dysfunction over 9 years (n = 4,905; adjusted HR, 0.95; 95% CI: 0.77 - 1.18). Thyroid hormone sensitivity indices were not associated with MetS overall, although higher TFQI was associated with hypertension (OR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05 - 1.23).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Eighteen years of follow-up in TTS suggest a modest, mostly one-way thyroid-MetS association. Higher (or high-normal) TSH and lower FT4 modestly increase MetS risk, whereas baseline MetS did not significantly increase the risk of later thyroid dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"24 3","pages":"e168079"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13182278/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Events and Predictors in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study: A 20-Year Cohort Review .","authors":"Azra Ramezankhani, Fereidoun Azizi, Maryam Barzin, Farzad Hadaegh","doi":"10.5812/ijem-167662","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-167662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>We summarized findings from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality and its predictors over nearly two decades.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>A review was undertaken to retrieve TLGS publications related to CVD mortality and predictors from the January 1999 to August 5, 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across TLGS studies, the crude incidence rate of CVD mortality ranged from 1.7 to 4.1 per 1000 person-years in adults aged ≥ 30 years, with higher rates observed among men than women. CVD mortality was associated with traditional risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and dyslipidemia, as well as emerging markers including continuous MetS severity score, anthropometric indices, dynamic weight change, kidney function decline, resting pulse rate, and adherence to cardiovascular health metric. Evidence also highlighted differential associations by age, sex, and diabetes status. Subgroup analyses indicated that elderly participants and those with metabolic abnormalities had higher CVD and sudden cardiac death (SCD) risks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study studies have provided comprehensive insights into the epidemiology and predictors of CVD mortality in the Iranian population, emphasizing both traditional and emerging risk factors. These findings can inform tailored prevention and intervention strategies, though further research incorporating dynamic risk models, omics data, and sex-specific analyses is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"24 2","pages":"e167662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13187687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147987328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Obesity: A Quarter-Century Experience from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.","authors":"Sara Sadeghi, Behnaz Abiri, Farhad Hosseinpanah, Majid Valizadeh, Fereidoun Azizi, Maryam Mahdavi, Maryam Barzin","doi":"10.5812/ijem-168110","DOIUrl":"10.5812/ijem-168110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>This paper aims to synthesize a quarter-century of research on obesity from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), a large prospective population-based cohort.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>A comprehensive literature search identified original studies from the TLGS investigating obesity indices, body composition, obesity phenotypes, and their associations with cardiometabolic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study findings demonstrate alarming increases in the prevalence and incidence of general and abdominal obesity among Tehranian adults and children. The studies have established population-specific anthropometric cut-offs, revealed the complex associations of various obesity phenotypes with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease, and highlighted the critical role of metabolic health over weight status alone.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This substantial body of evidence provides crucial insights for crafting effective public health strategies and future research in transitioning populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13969,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism","volume":"24 2","pages":"e168110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12933979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147305553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}