International Journal of Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS) Combined With Obesity Leads to Elevated Thyroid Hormone Levels.","authors":"Shenjie Xu, Bin Xiang, Lu Ye, Yifeng Jin, Jie Li","doi":"10.1155/ije/1159707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ije/1159707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Research indicates a strong link between obesity and alterations in thyroid function among patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Our study aims to investigate the thyroid hormone levels in patients with OSAHS combined with obesity. It seeks to elucidate the changes in thyroid hormones and their potential metabolic risks in these patients, thereby further clarifying the role and clinical significance of thyroid function alterations in OSAHS complicated by obesity. <b>Methods:</b> One hundred and thirty-four patients were divided into four groups, including the normal group, the obesity group, the OSAHS with the obesity group, and the OSAHS group. Serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were analyzed using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Clinical metabolic parameters (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C]) and sleep respiratory monitoring indicators (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI], longest duration of sleep apnea [TAmax], oxygen desaturation index [ODI], mean oxygen saturation [M-SaO₂], and lowest oxygen saturation [L-SaO₂]) were also recorded. <b>Results:</b> The OSAHS with the obesity group demonstrated elevated FT3, TSH, and ODI levels but lower L-SaO₂ level than other groups, and the levels of TG and LDL-C were higher than those in the OSAHS group and the normal group. Additionally, TSH level was positively correlated with LDL-C and BMI, but negatively correlated with L-SaO₂. In the obesity group, FT3, TSH, TG, ODI, and TAmax levels were higher, while L-SaO₂ and M-SaO₂ were lower than those in the normal group. <b>Conclusions:</b> Patients with both OSAHS and obesity are at higher risk of developing subclinical hypothyroidism, with LDL-C, BMI, and L-SaO₂ levels likely contributing to changes in TSH levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1159707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary Management of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors During Pregnancy: Institutional Report.","authors":"Zhiyuan Xiao, Xiaopeng Guo, Yong Yao, Jifang Liu, Wei Lian, Kan Deng, Yu Zhang, Xia Zhang, Yuanli Zhao, Yi Zhang, Bing Xing, Huijuan Zhu","doi":"10.1155/ije/1854208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ije/1854208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Management of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (pitNETs) during pregnancy is challenging. Involvement of the multidisciplinary team (MDT) may benefit the collaborative decision-making. However, this aspect has not been well documented. We provided cases with pitNETs during pregnancy and summarized our experience on the MDT-guided management. <b>Methods:</b> We performed a retrospective study enrolling all pregnant patients with pitNETs treated at our institute between March 1995 and July 2024. <b>Results:</b> During the indexed period, 121 patients with pitNETs consulted our institute during pregnancy, with 111 of them being treated conservatively and 10 undergoing surgery due to progressive visual defect and other symptoms. The age of the included surgical cases was 33 years, and the gestational session at surgery ranged from 13 to 36 weeks (1 in the first trimester, 4 in the second, and 5 in the third). Of the resected tumors, six were nonfunctioning and the other four were functioning (1 lactotroph, 1 somatotroph, and 1 thyrotroph). All surgical cases received MDT-guided management by physicians from neurosurgery, endocrinology, ophthalmology, obstetrics, pediatrics, and anesthesiology, leading to gross total tumor resection, improved visual acuity, and successful delivery in all patients. <b>Conclusion:</b> MDT guided management is essential for pitNETs during pregnancy. Surgical tumor resection is necessary for patients whose symptoms deteriorate rapidly. Transsphenoidal operation under general anesthesia is safe for pregnant patients with pitNETs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1854208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12116089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144158405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Compliance With International Guidelines During the Follow-Up of Hypoparathyroidism.","authors":"Beril Turan Erdogan, Sefika Burcak Polat, Caglar Keskin, Narin Nasiroglu İmga, Didem Ozdemir, Oya Topaloglu, Reyhan Ersoy, Bekir Cakir","doi":"10.1155/ije/3174295","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ije/3174295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aims:</b> Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder that causes renal complications, bone disease, an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, neuromuscular complications, and ocular findings. In this study, we aimed to determine how well the existing guidelines were followed in the follow-up of patients with hypoparathyroidism. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In the endocrinology and metabolism outpatient clinic, routine controls were conducted on patients 18 years of age and older with a diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism between February 2019 and September 2021. These individuals' test findings, imaging, hormones, and additional disorders were assessed. <b>Results:</b> The mean age of 264 patients included in the study was 49.34 ± 12.98 (22-91). Of the patients, 211 (79.9%) were female. Blood biochemistry tests were performed on all patients. Ophthalmological examination was performed in 3% of the patients, brain imaging in 9.8%, renal imaging in 18.6%, and 24-h urinary Ca measurements in 11%. According to the results of the examinations, cataract was found in 2 (0.8%) patients and basal ganglia calcification was found in 4 (1.5%) patients. In addition, nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis was seen in 2 patients (0.8%). Hypercalciuria was defined as a 24-h urinary calcium excretion of > 300 mg/24 h for males and > 250 mg/dL for females and was detected in 12 patients with hypoparathyroidism. <b>Conclusion:</b> In our research, it was discovered that patients with hypoparathyroidism had low compliance rates with the guidelines. We believe that the cause of this is the inability to provide the patients with enough time in intense polyclinic conditions. Given the information gathered from our study, it has been concluded that complication screening in hypoparathyroidism patients is just as crucial as blood tests and that allocating enough time for patients will enhance their follow-up and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3174295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12069836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of HbA1c Reduction on Major Kidney Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes With Poor Glycemic Control and Advanced CKD.","authors":"G Navarro-Blackaller, A S Benitez-Renteria, K Hernández-Morales, J Rico-Fontalvo, R Daza-Arnedo, G G Gómez-Ramírez, J R Camacho-Guerrero, M A Pérez-Venegas, J Carmona-Morales, A N Oseguera-González, C Murguía-Soto, G Chávez-Alonso, F García-Peña, C J Barrera-Torres, E Orozco-Chan, M Arredondo-Dubois, A Martínez Gallardo-González, J A Gómez-Fregoso, F G Rodríguez-García, V H Luquin-Arellano, G Abundis-Mora, L Alcantar-Vallin, R Medina-González, G García-García, J S Chávez-Iñiguez","doi":"10.1155/ije/9919963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ije/9919963","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aims:</b> In subjects with type 2 diabetes (DM), poor glycemic control, and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), the kidney benefit of the reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is not well established. <b>Methods:</b> In a retrospective cohort, we included patients with DM, CKD grade 3b-5, and HbA1c > 9% to evaluate the risk of developing major adverse kidney events (MAKE) defined as the start of kidney replacement therapy (KRT), ≥ 25% or ≥ 40% decline in the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline, and death; patients were divided according to the HbA1c levels at the end of the follow-up into the following groups: > 75 mmol/mol (≥ 9.0%), 74-64 mmol/mol (8.9%-8.0%), 64-53 mmol/mol (7.9%-7.0%), and < 52 mmol/mol (< 7.0%). We described their characteristics and analyzed their risks, adjusting for confounding variables. <b>Results:</b> From 2015 to 2023, 111 patients were included. In 46 patients (41.4%), the HbA1c at the end of follow-up (60 months) was still > 75 mmol/mol (≥ 9%), and each patient had a mean of 4.9 HbA1c measurements. The mean age was 59 years, and 46% were male; the baseline eGFR was 25 mL/min/1.73 m². MAKE occurred in 67% of cases. In a multivariate analysis, the risk of MAKE was not associated with the HbA1c groups, nor was it associated with any of the MAKE components individually, nor in certain subgroups. When evaluating the magnitude of percentage changes in HbA1 with the initiation of KRT, we did not find any association. <b>Conclusions:</b> With advanced CKD and poor glycemic control, changes in HbA1c during long follow-up are not associated with MAKE or its individual components.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9919963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12066180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>KCNJ11</i> rs5219 Gene Polymorphism Is Associated With T2DM in a Population of Bangladesh: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Amrita Bhowmik, Begum Rokeya, Yearul Kabir","doi":"10.1155/ije/5834412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ije/5834412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> As a polygenic disorder, Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent disease developed by many multigenetic factors, of which multiple genes located on different chromosomes contribute to its susceptibility. The <i>KCNJ11</i> gene is involved in the Kir6.2 proteins that help release insulin from the potassium channels in pancreatic beta cells. Many studies have found that <i>KCNJ11</i> polymorphism is significantly associated with the incidence of T2DM. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the association between <i>KCNJ11</i> gene polymorphism and T2DM in the Bangladeshi population. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In a case-control study (<i>n</i> = 697), 326 nondiabetic controls and 371 diabetic subjects (diagnosed based on American Diabetes Association criteria) were recruited for this study. The serum fasting glucose, lipid profiles, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HbA_1C, and serum insulin level were measured by standard methods. HOMA-B%, HOMA-S%, and HOMA-IR were calculated using HOMA-SIGMA software Version 2.2. A standard formula calculated QUICKI and Secretory-HOMA. The chemical method was used for DNA extraction from whole blood samples. The PCR-RFLP method was used to detect <i>KCNJ11</i> polymorphisms by restriction enzyme (BanII) digestion. As appropriate, data were analyzed using an independent <i>t</i>-test, chi-square, or Fisher exact test. <i>p</i> < 0.05 was considered significant. <b>Results:</b> The frequency of the risk allele K was significantly higher in the T2DM group than control (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01). The frequency of the KK genotype was higher among the T2DM group (3.77% vs. 1.84%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), and the frequency of the EK genotype was significantly higher among the T2DM than the control group (42.86% vs. 27.91%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The EE genotype was significantly associated with T2DM in the dominant model EE + EK with an OR of 2.06 (95% CI 1.51-2.82, <i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> This study showed that rs5219 polymorphism of the <i>KCNJ11</i> gene is a significant risk factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Bangladeshi population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5834412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Exenatide on Platelets Ratio Index and Fibrosis-4 Index in Obese Patients With Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Gamze Ergun Sezer, Meral Mert","doi":"10.1155/ije/6332117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ije/6332117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many studies have shown a close relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists are particularly preferred as antidiabetic medications for obese patients with type 2 diabetes because they not only help with glycemic control but also promote weight loss by slowing gastric emptying. Fatty liver disease, a significant complication of obesity, can progress to hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in later stages. Platelets ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), indices are two of the most studied indirect markers of hepatic fibrosis. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of exenatide, a GLP-1 agonist, on the APRI and FIB-4 indices in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We included obese patients with type 2 diabetes treated with exenatide at the endocrinology and metabolism outpatient clinics of Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital between January 2015 and May 2018. We calculated the APRI and FIB-4 indexes retrospectively using data on aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, platelet counts, and ages. The study included 170 patients, with an average age of 48.27 ± 11 years. We compared the APRI and FIB-4 indices at the third and sixth months after the onset of exenatide and before the treatment. While there was no significant change in the FIB-4 index with treatment, the APRI index showed a significant decrease. In conclusion, our study observed a significant decrease in the APRI index with exenatide treatment, while the FIB-4 index remained unchanged. More research is needed on liver fibrosis indices in the obese population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6332117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12052462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Model Predicts Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Complicated With Metabolic Syndrome Using Retrospective Dataset From First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, China.","authors":"Jinghua Lai, Mingyu Hao, Xiaohong Huang, Shujuan Chen, Dewen Yan, Haiyan Li","doi":"10.1155/ije/9558141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ije/9558141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the most important risk factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. This study used a retrospective dataset from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University and aimed to develop and validate a novel model nomogram based on clinical parameters to predict MS in patients with T2DM. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 2854 patients with T2DM between January 2014 and May 2022 were selected and divided into a training dataset (<i>n</i> = 2114) and a validation dataset (<i>n</i> = 740). This study used multivariate logistic regression analysis to develop a nomogram for predicting MS in patients with T2DM that included candidates selected in the LASSO regression model. The data were set standardized before LASSO regression. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) was used to assess discrimination in the prediction model. The calibration curve is used to evaluate the calibration of the calibration nomogram, and the clinical decision curve is used to determine the clinical utility of the calibration diagram. The validation dataset is used to evaluate the performance of predictive models. <b>Results:</b> A total of 2854 patients were eligible for this study. There were 1941 (68.01%) patients with MS. The training dataset included 20 potential risk factors of the patient's demographic, clinical, and laboratory indexes in the LASSO regression analysis. Gender, hypertension, BMI, WC, HbA1c, TG, LDL, and HDL were multivariate models. We obtained a model for estimating MS in patients with T2DM. The AUC-ROC of the training dataset in our model is 0.886, and the 95% CI is 0.871-0.901. Similar to the results obtained from the training dataset, the AUC-ROC of the validation dataset in our model is 0.859, and the 95% CI is 0.831-0.887, thus proving the robustness of the model. The prediction model is as follows: logit (MS) = -9.18209 + 0.14406 ∗ BMI (kg/m²) + 0.09218 ∗ WC (cm) + 1.05761 ∗ TG (mmol/L)-3.30013 ∗ HDL (mmol/L). The calibration plots of the predicted probabilities show excellent agreement with the observed MS rates. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the new nomogram provided significant net benefits in clinical applications. <b>Conclusion:</b> The prediction model of this study covers four clinically easily obtained parameters: BMI, WC, TG, and HDL, and shows a high accuracy rate in the validation dataset. Our predictive model may provide an effective method for large-scale epidemiological studies of T2DM patients with MS and offer a practical tool for the early detection of MS in clinical work.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9558141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12045690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index With the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Evidence From NHANES 2001-2018.","authors":"Yingchao Ding, Miaomiao Fan, Chen Jiang, Naixin Dou, Yaqi Guo, Xiaolin Zhao, Xin Sun, Chunxiao Yu, Qingbo Guan","doi":"10.1155/ije/3255533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ije/3255533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence regarding the associations of composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) with the risk of prevalence and mortality of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is limited. We aimed to investigate these relationships using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A total of 19,404 individuals with a mean age of 50.10 years were included. In multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis, compared to those in the lowest quartile of CDAI, individuals with the highest quartile were negatively associated with NAFLD prevalence (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.96), and the dose-response curve exhibited a linear relationship. Moreover, multivariate-adjusted Cox regression revealed that individuals with the highest quartile were negatively associated with cancer mortality (HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.99) compared to those with the lowest quartile of CDAI in NAFLD patients. Moreover, the dose-response analysis demonstrated that CDAI had a nonlinear association with all-cause mortality in NAFLD patients. Multiple stratified and sensitivity analyses demonstrated that these associations are stable. CDAI was protective against the prevalence and cancer mortality of NAFLD. These results may provide new insights into adapting CDAI as a dietary strategy to prevent and improve the prognosis of NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3255533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Empagliflozin on Serum Levels of Thyroid Hormones Among Prediabetic and Diabetic Patients.","authors":"Mojgan Sanjari, Narges Sadeghi, Ladan Amirkhosravi, Mohammad Hadavizadeh, Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami, Zohreh Safi","doi":"10.1155/ije/9920286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ije/9920286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Thyroid dysfunction (TD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are the most prevalent chronic endocrine disorders that often coexist. Thyroid hormone affects glucose homeostasis through different mechanisms. SGLT2 inhibitors are a drug class used to treat diabetes. However, the effect of this drug class on thyroid tests has not been investigated among diabetic patients. Therefore, the current study aims to assess the effect of empagliflozin on thyroid tests. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 44 prediabetic and type 2 diabetic patients aged 18-65, directed to the clinic affiliated to Kerman Medical Sciences University in 2022-2023. Diabetic patients with HbA1c level of 0.5%-1% higher than the therapeutic target, who did not take blood sugar control drugs, were included in the study. All the patients received 10 mg of empagliflozin once daily for 3 months. Before and 3 months after taking empagliflozin, changes in TSH, total T4, and total T3 serum levels were measured. <b>Results:</b> The mean patients' age was 54.77 years old. The mean FBS and HbA1c levels decreased 3 months after taking empagliflozin (<i>p</i> < 0.05). After taking empagliflozin, T3 level as well as T3/T4 ratio increased (<i>p</i>=0.001). However, no significant change was observed in T4 and TSH levels (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Also, level of T3 significantly changed with changes in weight and triglyceride level after taking empagliflozin. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results showed taking empagliflozin could increase T3 level as well as T3/T4 ratio. However, it had no effect on total T4 and TSH levels. <b>Trial Registration:</b> Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT): IRCT20090317001774N10.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"9920286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Estrogen-Containing Oral Contraceptive Pills and Hypothyroidism.","authors":"Lama Alkahlout, Shahd Hamran, Nour Darwish, Yara Dweidri, Giridhara R Babu, Rafif Mahmood Al Saady","doi":"10.1155/ije/5978558","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ije/5978558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder that affects 10 times more females than males, with substantial health impacts. The role of estrogen-containing oral contraceptives (OCPs) in influencing thyroid function remains relatively underexplored. This study investigated the association between estrogen-containing OCP use and hypothyroidism in the female population in Qatar. <b>Methods:</b> We utilized data from the Qatar Biobank to conduct a cross-sectional study of 1001 female participants with a current or previous history of estrogen-containing OCP use. The thyroid function of the participants was evaluated via thyroid function test parameters (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free tetraiodothyronine (fT4)) as outcomes, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels as a proxy indicator of OCP use. We adjusted for confounders such as age, ethnicity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus status via multivariable logistic regression to determine the odds of hypothyroidism associated with SHBG levels. <b>Results:</b> Among the 1001 participants, 34 (3.4%) met the diagnostic criteria for hypothyroidism. Multinomial logistic regression revealed no increased odds of hypothyroidism at the 90th percentile cutoff for SHBG levels (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.29-3.50). However, at the 95th percentile of SHBG values, there was 46% higher odds of hypothyroidism (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.33-6.54) and an over tenfold increase at the 99th percentile (OR 10.07, 95% CI 1.94-52.45, <i>p</i>=0.006). Other variables, such as age, ethnicity, and diabetes status, were not associated with SHBG levels. Non-Qatari Arabs had higher odds of hypothyroidism compared with that of Qataris (OR 8.06, 95% CI 0.84-77.54, <i>p</i> value 0.071). <b>Conclusion:</b> This study offers evidence that SHBG levels can be used to indicate estrogen-containing OCP use. Furthermore, higher SHBG levels are associated with higher odds of hypothyroidism among OCP users, and the odds of hypothyroidism vary across different ethnicities. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore the mechanisms linking OCP use to thyroid dysfunction and to investigate other potential risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5978558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}