International Journal of Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"TyG-HDL Outperforms TyG Combined With Obesity Indicators in Predicting Chronic Kidney Disease Associated With High Fasting Blood Glucose Levels in the Chinese Elderly Population: A Two-Stage Study Based on GBD 2023 and CHARLS Data.","authors":"Letai Li, Li Long, Tingting Chen, Xinhong Tian, Can Huang, Yutong Chen, Shiying Ye, Meng Ye, Jiajie Leng, Zhenrui Cao, Yingjiu Jiang, Mengjun Bie","doi":"10.1155/ije/8245427","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ije/8245427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue in China, especially among older adults, with rising prevalence linked to metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia. This study aimed to assess the burden of CKD attributable to elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) in elderly Chinese, focusing on the predictive value of composite metabolic indices derived from the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included two phases: (1) analysis of the 2023 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database to assess the CKD burden due to hyperglycemia among adults aged ≥ 60 years in China from 1990 to 2023 and (2) evaluation using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) cohort, analyzing associations between 15 blood glucose-related indices and CKD in older adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GBD analysis revealed a significant burden of CKD due to hyperglycemia in China, with increasing mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) projections. In the CHARLS cohort, four indices-TyG-HDL, TCBI, FBG-HDL, and CTI-were significantly associated with CKD. Elevated levels of these indices, particularly TyG-HDL, demonstrated strong associations with CKD risk, with nonlinear, threshold-dependent effects observed in restricted cubic spline analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Blood glucose-related indices, especially TyG-HDL, offer strong predictive value for CKD risk in older Chinese adults. These findings suggest that integrating these indices into screening programs could enhance early CKD detection and management strategies, helping mitigate the growing disease burden in aging populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8245427"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Iron Metabolism and Microalbuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and MASLD.","authors":"Huanjia Qu, Lingling Zhou, Jinhua Hu, Dong Tang, Lu Yang","doi":"10.1155/ije/8147661","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ije/8147661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between iron metabolism markers and microalbuminuria in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 137 patients with T2DM and MASLD were enrolled and stratified into microalbuminuria-positive and microalbuminuria-negative groups based on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). Iron metabolism markers, including serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TS), and hepcidin, were measured. Hepatic iron and fat content were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including R2^∗ mapping (MRI-R2^∗) and proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with microalbuminuria had significantly higher levels of serum ferritin, serum iron, hepcidin, and MRI-R2^∗ compared with those without microalbuminuria (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Correlation analyses showed that hepcidin (<i>r</i> _<i>s</i> = 0.208, <i>p</i> = 0.015) and MRI-R2^∗ (<i>r</i> _<i>s</i> = 0.248, <i>p</i> = 0.003) were positively associated with UACR. However, after multivariable adjustment for confounding factors, MRI-R2^∗ remained independently associated with microalbuminuria (<i>p</i> = 0.049).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Altered iron metabolism is associated with microalbuminuria in patients with T2DM and MASLD. MRI-R2^∗, a quantitative imaging marker of hepatic iron content, showed an independent association with microalbuminuria after multivariable adjustment and may provide complementary information for early renal injury assessment in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8147661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Five Insulin Resistance-Related Indices With Gout Risk in the 2007-2018 NHANES Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Kewei Yang, Kongming Yang, Yuhan Liu, Qin Wang, Nan Zhang, Yuanping Yin","doi":"10.1155/ije/7431198","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ije/7431198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the associations between five insulin resistance (IR)-related surrogate indices and gout and compared their associations and discriminative abilities for gout. The indices included the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, TyG combined with body mass index (TyG-BMI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Comparisons between the gout and nongout groups were performed using <i>t</i>-tests and chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analyses were used to assess the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 14,582 participants (4.80% with gout), adjusted analyses identified the highest METS-IR quartile as the strongest predictor of gout (adjusted OR = 2.823, 95%CI 1.643-4.851), followed by TyG-BMI (OR = 2.290, 95%CI 1.555-3.373). Restricted cubic splines revealed nonlinear associations of TyG and LAP with gout risk, contrasting with linear trends for TyG-BMI, VAI, and METS-IR. Subgroup analyses suggested that elevated TyG and VAI were positively associated with gout in nondiabetic individuals (interaction <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All five IR-related indices showed positive associations with gout, particularly in those with central obesity. These indices showed modest discriminative ability for gout, and further validation is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7431198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear Association of Estimated Pulse Wave Velocity With Bone Health Outcomes: Evidence From the NHANES Database.","authors":"Xiaojin Zhu, Zhengjie Zhou","doi":"10.1155/ije/4794146","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ije/4794146","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The prevalence and incidence of impaired bone health have continued to rise globally, imposing a substantial public health burden. Cardiovascular-related factors, including vascular aging, may be involved in the regulation of bone health. However, the association between the estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) and bone health outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ePWV and bone health using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Data were derived from five NHANES survey cycles spanning 2005-2010, 2013-2014, and 2017-2018, comprising 13,068 eligible participants. Osteoporosis and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) were selected as bone health outcomes. ePWV was calculated using a validated formula based on age and mean arterial pressure. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize baseline characteristics. Group differences were assessed using nonparametric rank-sum tests and Rao-Scott chi-square tests. Multivariable weighted logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between ePWV and osteoporosis, while multivariable weighted linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between ePWV and femoral neck BMD. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) modeling was applied to assess potential nonlinear relationships, and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess effect modification across different population characteristics. Weighted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the discriminative ability of ePWV for osteoporosis, and percentile-based trimming sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the robustness of the findings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Elevated ePWV levels were significantly linked to a higher likelihood of osteoporosis and reduced femoral neck BMD. In fully adjusted models (Model 3), each one-unit increase in ePWV was associated with a 22% higher odds of prevalent osteoporosis (odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.14, 1.32, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and a decrease of 0.030 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; in femoral neck BMD (regression coefficients (&lt;i&gt;β&lt;/i&gt;) = -0.030, 95% CI: -0.035, -0.024, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). RCS and threshold effect analyses revealed significant nonlinear associations with identifiable inflection points between ePWV and both bone health outcomes. Subgroup analyses demonstrated generally consistent associations across most population subgroups, although effect heterogeneity was observed according to sex, age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes status, and alcohol consumption. Weighted ROC analysis showed moderate discriminatory performance of ePWV for osteoporosis, with an AUC of 0.774 and an optimal cutoff value of 8.865 m/s. Percentile-based trimming sensitivity analysis yielded results consistent with the primary findings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;ePWV is nonlinearly associated with osteop","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4794146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13523602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Appropriate Techniques of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Physical Therapy in Patients With Insulin-Associated Lipohypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Liqing Jiang, Honglian Fang, Xumei Tao, Liping Wang","doi":"10.1155/ije/5589949","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ije/5589949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and physical therapy on the lipohypertrophy (LH) people by conducting meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a literature search on China Knowledge Network Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, VIP.com, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov in June 30, 2024, for RCTs. Standardized mean difference (SMD) or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias analyses were also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 31 RCTs involving 3496 participants with LH were included in this analysis. Meta-analyses revealed that appropriate TCM interventions significantly improved the curative effect in individuals with LH (OR = 5.52; 95% CI: 3.98-7.65; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Furthermore, preliminary analyses suggested potential benefits of the TCM intervention on HbA1c levels (SMD = -0.42; 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.22; <i>p</i> < 0.0001), as well as on fasting blood glucose (FBG) and 2-h postload plasma glucose levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present meta-analysis suggests that appropriate technology of TCM intervention was effective in improving the curative effect, HbA1c level, FBG, and 2hPG. Physical therapy may be effective for the treatment of LH. However, the quality of the included RCTs for appropriate technology of TCM is low to moderate and the number of RCTs for physical therapy is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5589949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing the Diagnostic Accuracy of Swab Cultures and Tissue Biopsy for Diagnosing Diabetic Foot Infections.","authors":"Roberto S Heck, Rodrigo S Lins, Daniela R Speransa, Pedro Lopez, Lessandra Michelin","doi":"10.1155/ije/6364693","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ije/6364693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy and concordance of swab cultures and tissue biopsy for identifying causative pathogens. Furthermore, to compare the sensitivity, specificity and overall diagnostic performance of swab cultures and tissue biopsies, using tissue biopsy as the reference standard in infected diabetic foot wounds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using CINAHL, Embase and PubMed for published studies from inception to April 2025. Eligible studies compared the diagnostic accuracy or the list of pathogens of swab cultures and tissue biopsy in adult patients diagnosed with diabetic foot infections. A random-effects diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis was undertaken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen studies were included. Swab cultures identified 765 Gram-positive microbial pathogens compared to 875 identified by tissue biopsies and 457 Gram-negative pathogens compared to 452 identified by tissue biopsies. The three most prevalent microbial species were <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. and <i>Enterococcus</i> spp. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of swab cultures for detecting infected diabetic foot wounds were 84.8% and 68.0%, respectively, using tissue biopsy as the reference standard. Subgroup analyses indicated better pooled sensitivity and specificity for Gram-negative (85.2% and 92.9%, respectively) compared to Gram-positive pathogens (76.8% and 81.0%, respectively).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings are that swab cultures could identify Gram-negative pathogens and may still be acceptable for detecting Gram-positive and overall infections. While tissue biopsy remains the reference standard, swab cultures may represent a practical and accessible alternative in situations where tissue biopsy is not feasible or not performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6364693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13494358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148792688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index and Prognostic Nutritional Index With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in DKD: NHANES 1999-2018.","authors":"Yimei Li, Jimei Song, Liyan Liu, Wei Li, Qing Wang","doi":"10.1155/ije/5683927","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ije/5683927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malnutrition and immune status significantly influence the prognosis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the correlations between two novel nutritional-immune indices-geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI)-and the risk of all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) in patients with DKD remain unclear. Our investigation was, therefore, designed to explore these associations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed data from 2038 DKD individuals in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (1999-2018). Multivariate weighted Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier survival curves (K-M curves), subgroup analysis, and interaction analysis were employed to clarify the associations of GNRI and PNI with ACM and CVM. We also applied restricted cubic splines (RCS) and threshold analysis to evaluate potential nonlinear correlations and inflection points. Subsequently, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were utilized to explore and compare the prognostic performance of GNRI and PNI for survival outcomes over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Throughout the median follow-up period of 68 months, 1006 (49.36%) of 2038 patients with DKD died, including 374 (37.18%) cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths. Multivariate weighted Cox regression analysis and K-M curves illustrated that high levels of GNRI and PNI are independent protective factors against ACM and CVM in DKD patients. RCS analysis and threshold analysis revealed a nonlinear correlation of PNI with ACM and CVM, and the inflection points were identified at 51.24 and 49.63, respectively. What's more, ROC curves demonstrated that GNRI and PNI exhibit significant predictive potential in both the short and long terms, with similar predictive performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>As novel nutritional-immune markers, GNRI and PNI could independently forecast the ACM and CVM in DKD patients, aiding in risk stratification and timely intervention for this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5683927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13462659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148721425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gomisin N Improves Insulin Secretion by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum and Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic Beta Cells.","authors":"Joo Young Lee, Chong Kun Cheon","doi":"10.1155/ije/9046981","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ije/9046981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of gomisin N (25 μM) using a cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 50 μM)-induced injury model of MIN6 pancreatic beta-cells. The results demonstrated that gomisin N effectively reduced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers that were increased by CPA. Furthermore, gomisin N treatment improved insulin secretion from MIN6 cells, which had been reduced by CPA. These findings suggest that alleviation of ER stress and oxidative stress ultimately supports the correct folding and maturation of insulin precursors and enhances beta-cell viability, leading to functional normalization. Gomisin N exhibited antioxidant effects by significantly reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels that were increased by CPA. Given that ER stress and oxidative stress are closely linked and cooperatively drive cellular damage, the dual stress-relieving properties of gomisin N are critical for beta-cell protection. By alleviating ER stress and reducing oxidative stress, gomisin N acts to protect and restore insulin secretory function in beta-cells. Therefore, gomisin N could play a beneficial role in protecting and improving pancreatic beta-cell function, particularly under stress conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9046981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13451963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148697352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of Patient-Derived 3D Organoids of Thyroid Cancer: From Cells to Care.","authors":"Nam Kyung Kim, So Jeong Lee, Junu Kim, Jun Sung Lee, Hyeok Jun Yun, Seok-Mo Kim, Su-Jin Shin, Yong Sang Lee, Hang-Seok Chang","doi":"10.1155/ije/1021058","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ije/1021058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Three-dimensional (3D) organoids derived from patient tissues have emerged as promising preclinical models that preserve tumor architecture and phenotypic heterogeneity better than conventional two-dimensional cultures. This study aimed to establish patient-derived 3D organoid models for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and clinically radioiodine-refractory papillary thyroid carcinoma (RAIR-PTC) and evaluate whether they retained the histopathologic and immunophenotypic features of their source tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tumor tissues from patients with ATC and RAIR-PTC were collected, dissociated, and embedded in Matrigel for 3D culture. Organoid growth was monitored during serial passaging. Histopathologic, immunophenotypic, and targeted molecular analyses were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TCO001 sample, derived from ATC, showed substantial growth for more than five months, up to Passage 11, whereas the TCO002 sample, derived from RAIR-PTC, exhibited limited proliferation and could not be maintained beyond Passage 3 after four months. These differences in culture performance were further supported by Ki-67 and p53 staining, which demonstrated markedly higher proliferative activity and a more aberrant p53 expression pattern in TCO001 than in TCO002. Histopathologic and immunophenotypic analyses showed a dedifferentiated, ATC-like phenotype in TCO001 and a more differentiated thyroid carcinoma-like phenotype in TCO002. Targeted molecular analysis further supported the biological differences between the two lines: TCO001 harbored a BRAF mutation and a TERT promoter alteration, whereas TCO002 was wild type for both genes, consistent with the matched primary tumor tissue.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study provides preliminary proof of concept that patient-derived organoid technology can be extended to aggressive thyroid cancer phenotypes and preserve subtype-relevant differences in differentiation state. Although preliminary, these findings support the value of thyroid cancer organoids as patient-relevant preclinical models and provide a basis for future molecular, functional, and therapeutic studies in aggressive thyroid cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"1021058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13445780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipokine in Metabolic Liver Disease: Adipo-Brain-Liver Cross talk.","authors":"Yule Su, Yiping Yang, Wenjuan Sun, Zhouxi Yu, Yilin Wang, Shixin Liu, Ziyi Chen, Yanfei Li, Xi Yang, Junyan Liu, Caikun Han, Yaqin Wang, Junhua Yuan","doi":"10.1155/ije/9009628","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ije/9009628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Adipokines play a key role in the interaction between the brain, liver, and adipose tissue. In this review, we selected adipokines with wide central receptor expression and summarized their indirect regulation on liver metabolism by acting on specific neurons and inducing neuropeptide production.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A thorough PubMed search of peer-reviewed studies was conducted using suitable keywords.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Since adipokine receptors could be expressed in both the brain and liver, adipokines could regulate energy homeostasis either directly through receptors expressed in the liver or indirectly by acting centrally. The latter can be achieved by acting in brain regions that have neural projections to the liver. Furthermore, growing evidence demonstrates that adipokines, while playing the above roles, are closely linked to the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review revealed that adipose tissue could be involved in regulating liver-brain cross talk during energy regulation and metabolism-related diseases. In addition, we focused on the relationship between the mechanism of action of these adipokines and the progression of metabolic syndromes such as NAFLD and explored their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":13966,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Endocrinology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9009628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13443135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}