International Journal of Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Adjunctive Effects of a 2% Zinc Citrate Toothpaste on Plaque and Oral Microbiota in Orthodontic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Thi Thanh Ngoc Nguyen, Trung Chanh Le, Nguyen Quan Pham, Tin Hien Pham, Thi Quynh Lan Ngo","doi":"10.1155/ijod/9264740","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijod/9264740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Zinc citrate trihydrate (ZCT) has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and is widely used in oral-care products. However, evidence regarding its effectiveness in orthodontic patients remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a toothpaste containing 2% ZCT on gingival inflammation, plaque accumulation, and plaque-associated bacterial load in patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted among 102 patients with plaque-induced gingivitis undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Participants were randomly assigned to use either a toothpaste containing 2% ZCT (test group) or a conventional toothpaste without ZCT (control group). The gingival index (GI) and Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (MQHPI) were recorded at baseline, after 1 week, and after 4 weeks. Supragingival plaque samples were collected at baseline and after 4 weeks and analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction to quantify selected plaque-associated bacterial species. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the effects of time, treatment, and their interaction on GI and MQHPI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exploratory time-specific comparisons at 4 weeks showed lower GI and MQHPI and lower loads of <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> (Fn), <i>Tannerella forsythia</i> (Tf), and <i>Solobacterium moorei</i> (Sm) in the ZCT group. However, the longitudinal mixed-effects analyses showed no significant treatment-by-time interaction for either the clinical outcomes or the quantitatively assessable bacterial species.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both groups showed clinical improvement over time. However, the longitudinal analyses did not demonstrate an additional clinical or microbiological effect attributable to the 2% ZCT toothpaste during the 4-week study period.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9264740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149074644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between the Mineral Contents of Drinking Water and Dental Caries in Mangalore: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Thara Chandran, Audrey D'Cruz, Radhakrishnan Kinattinkara, Mackwin D'Mello, Pushparaja Shetty, Neevan D'Souza, Vishnu Unnikrishnan, Herman Sunil Dsouza","doi":"10.1155/ijod/6407047","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijod/6407047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Physicochemical properties of dental hard tissues are strongly influenced by the ionic concentration of saliva, which is partly determined by the ionic concentration of drinking water. While the role of fluoride ions in dental caries prevention has been documented, the effects of various other minerals have not been studied. This cross-sectional ecological study aimed to evaluate the relation between various trace elements in drinking water and dental caries experience among residents of Mangalore Taluk.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A multistage sampling method was used to select 31 of the 76 gram panchayats. Dental caries was assessed using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) Index. Drinking water samples were collected from groundwater wells in the study area. A total of 31 water samples were collected, and minerals in the groundwater were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The correlation between the mineral concentration in drinking water and dental caries experience was checked using Spearman's rank correlation test. A <i>p</i>-value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The fluoride concentration in the study area was less than the limits recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). A statistically insignificant weak positive correlation was found between fluoride in drinking water and dental caries. A significant, moderately negative correlation was identified between potassium and dental caries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests the potential protective association of potassium in the prevention of dental caries in a low-fluoride area of Mangalore. These results suggest that the interplay of minerals in drinking water contributes to the anticariogenic effect rather than single ions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6407047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13618560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149074556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders Amongst Dental Students.","authors":"Doha Beshir, Dareen Kiblawi, Nour Eyad, Fawaz Pullishery, Divya Gopinath","doi":"10.1155/ijod/5203500","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijod/5203500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most common occupational health problems affecting dental professionals and students. However, evidence linking ergonomic knowledge, attitude, and practices with MSDs remains limited.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among clinical undergraduate dental students, interns, and postgraduate trainees at a tertiary academic institution in the United Arab Emirates. A total of 240 participants completed a validated online survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics, work-related factors, ergonomic knowledge, attitudes, practices, and musculoskeletal health status. Associations between participant characteristics, ergonomic factors, and MSDs were evaluated using Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, participants demonstrated a high level of awareness of general ergonomics and a moderate level of practice. A significant association was observed between working ≥6 h per day and ergonomic knowledge (<i>p</i> = 0.019). Similarly the use of magnification devices was significantly associated with higher ergonomic knowledge (<i>p</i> = 0.028) and better ergonomic practices (<i>p</i> < 0.001) compared with non use. The overall prevalence of MSDs among the participants was 75.0%; prevalence was significantly higher among participants aged 25 years or older, females, and those in more advanced stages of training (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis further identified age ≥25 years (OR = 7.45), female gender (OR = 2.91), poor ergonomic knowledge (OR = 11.97), and poor ergonomic practices (OR =10.66) as significant independent predictors of MSDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although most participants demonstrated good ergonomic knowledge and positive attitudes, inconsistent ergonomic practices remained common, contributing to a high prevalence of MSDs. These findings highlight the need to strengthen practical ergonomic training and preventive measures within dental education.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5203500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149060593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Developments in Antibacterial Nanoparticle-Based Dental Composite Materials: A Comprehensive Overview.","authors":"Athulya Mullappally, Vishnu Vijay Kumar, Arpitha G R","doi":"10.1155/ijod/7065782","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijod/7065782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The persistence of secondary caries, biofilm accumulation, and hybrid layer degradation as leading causes of failure in resin-based composite (RBC) restorations underscores the urgent need for materials that can effectively prevent demineralization and promote the remineralization of dental hard tissues. Conventional composites are primarily bioinert, offer minimal defense against cariogenic biofilms, and lack the ability to restore mineral loss at the tooth-restoration interface. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have paved the way for the development of antibacterial and bioactive composites that integrate metallic, metal-oxide, polymeric, organic, and ion-releasing nanoparticles (NPs). These innovative systems provide antimicrobial effects through contact or ion-mediated mechanisms, enhance the stability of the hybrid layer, and increasingly demonstrate potential for remineralization through the controlled release of calcium, phosphate, or fluoride ions. This review provides a critical analysis of the current antibacterial bioactive resin-based nanocomposites employed in dentistry, covering the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases with keywords silver (Ag), zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and magnesium oxide NPs (MgO-NPs); quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine (QA-PEI)-based systems; chitosan-derived NPs; and remineralization-promoting fillers such as bioactive glass (BG) and primarily covering studies published between 2020 and 2026. Key challenges, including NP agglomeration, aesthetic modifications, variable biocompatibility, uncontrolled ion release, and the absence of standardized evaluation protocols, are examined in relation to their impact on predictable remineralization and clinical outcomes. Most current evidence remains preclinical, with limited in situ and early translational validation. This comprehensive narrative review included studies investigating NP-modified dental restorative materials and excluded duplicate records, nondental applications, and studies not relevant to restorative dentistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7065782"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149060590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Enhancement for Longevity of Glass Ionomer Cement Using Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Study on Microhardness and Wear Resistance.","authors":"Kiran Manjunath, Vinod Jathanna, Kishore Ginjupalli, Shreya Hegde","doi":"10.1155/ijod/6922800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijod/6922800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glass ionomer cement (GIC) has found extensive application in the field of restorative dentistry due to its chemical adherence to tooth structure and fluoride releasing characteristics. Nevertheless, its clinical use in load bearing, posterior restorations is constrained by poor surface microhardness and wear resistance. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-derived nanomaterials which have high bond strength making them potential reinforcing agents in dental cements.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the surface microhardness and wear resistance of GIC incorporated with CNCs at concentrations of 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1% in comparison to an unmodified control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An in vitro experimental study was carried out on four groups (<i>n</i> = 12 per group): control (unmodified GIC), G1 (GIC + 0.2% CNCs), G2 (GIC + 0.5% CNCs), and G3 (GIC + 1% CNCs). Standardized rectangular specimens were prepared. The surface microhardness was measured by the use of a Vickers hardness tester and the wear resistance was evaluated on a pin-on-disc wear testing apparatus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest mean surface microhardness was seen in G3 (208.1 ± 0.56), followed by G2 (157.4 ± 0.32), G1 (133.3 ± 0.37), and the lowest measurements were seen in the control group (98.3 ± 0.32 Vickers hardness number [VHN]). Mean wear resistance was highest in the control group (48.3 ± 0.31), followed by G2 (30.2 ± 0.28), G1 (30.1 ± 0.17), and the lowest in G3 (16.9 ± 0.26 VHN). The differences among the groups were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporation of CNCs significantly improved the surface microhardness of restorative GIC in a concentration-dependent manner. However, higher CNCs concentrations were associated with reduced wear resistance. Further long-term studies are needed to determine the optimal CNCs concentration for clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6922800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Smile Attractiveness by Undergraduate Students Across Different Disciplines.","authors":"Kiran Rehman, Kirti Saxena, Sadia Tabassum, Joey Wong, Joslyn Chua Hao Min, Mohammed Nadeem Bijle, Umer Daood","doi":"10.1155/ijod/6693205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijod/6693205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The study aimed to examine differences in perceiving smile attractiveness between undergraduate students across different university disciplines.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Undergraduate students pursuing dentistry, pharmacy and psychology volunteered to participate in the study based on an extended invitation by the study contributors. Then, the students were informed about the protocol to follow as participants in the study in a scheduled session, whereby 24 modified images were presented, and smile-attractiveness ratings were sought on a 6-point Likert scale. The data were organised to examine differences in smile attractiveness perception among students with respect to factors such as discipline, skin tone in images and the tooth shades presented. The data were analysed using a three-factor ANOVA with a Bonferroni post hoc test at all levels, with <i>α</i> = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 106 participants provided their perceived smile attractiveness ratings across the disciplines, dentistry (46), pharmacy (47) and psychology (13), with a mean age of 21.7 ± 1.68 years. A statistically significant difference was observed overall and with independent factors (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was a statistically significant interaction between the disciplines and students' VITA tooth shade perception, as indicated by smile attractiveness ratings (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Dark skin tone was distinctly perceived (<i>p</i> < 0.05) by the students (irrespective of discipline); however, the fair and medium skin tones remained undifferentiable in the students' ratings (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The dental students demonstrated the potential to distinctly identify differences in tooth shades, as evidenced by smile attractiveness ratings, compared to students from other disciplines (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Undergraduate students across different university disciplines perceived smile attractiveness differently, with dental students discerning variations between tooth shades.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6693205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Citric Acid, Chlorhexidine, and Their Combination as Root Canal Irrigants on the Push-Out Bond Strength of Resin and Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers to Root Canal Dentin.","authors":"Laasya Shettigar, Tina Puthen Purayil, Kishore Ginjupalli, Nidambur Vasudev Ballal","doi":"10.1155/ijod/7091912","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijod/7091912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Root canal irrigants can alter root canal dentin and influence sealer adhesion. With increasing use of bioceramic sealers, understanding the effects of irrigants on bonding is essential for endodontic success. This in vitro study evaluated the effects of 1% chlorhexidine (CHX), 10% citric acid (CA), and their combination (CACHX) on the push-out bond strength (POBS) of AH Plus and BioRoot RCS to root canal dentin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty single-rooted premolars with a single canal were selected and divided into eight groups (<i>n</i> = 10) based on the final irrigation protocol: CA, CHX, CACHX, or distilled water. Root slices (2 mm) were obtained from the middle third. Groups A1-A4 were obturated with AH Plus and B1-B4 with BioRoot RCS. POBS was assessed using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were analyzed under a stereomicroscope. Normality was confirmed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Intergroup comparisons were performed using independent <i>t</i>-tests, and intragroup comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's post hoc test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final irrigant significantly affected bond strength (<i>p</i>  < 0.001). AH Plus showed higher POBS than BioRoot RCS with CACHX (<i>p</i> = 0.008). BioRoot RCS exhibited the highest POBS with CA and the lowest with CHX (<i>p</i>  < 0.05). AH Plus showed the maximum bond strength with CHX, with no reduction when combined with CA (<i>p</i>  > 0.05). Cohesive failures predominated in AH Plus, whereas BioRoot RCS showed mixed failures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this in vitro study, root canal irrigants significantly influenced sealer bond strength. AH Plus exhibited the highest bond strength with CHX, whereas BioRoot RCS performed best with CA. The combination of CA and CHX did not adversely affect AH Plus and may be considered a suitable irrigant protocol for this sealer.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7091912"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13594557/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149024832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prosthodontic Rehabilitation as Essential Care Within India's District Health System: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework.","authors":"Umesh Y Pai, Aradhana Nagarsekar, Ridhima Gaunkar, Prajakta R Volvaikar","doi":"10.1155/ijod/3425087","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijod/3425087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the National Oral Health Programme (NOHP) mandating the provision of removable partial and complete dentures (CDs) at the district level, prosthodontic services in public facilities remain largely inaccessible across most Indian states, even after more than a decade of policy implementation. With India's elderly population projected to reach 347 million by 2050 and complete edentulism affecting 12%-14% of older adults, the unmet need for prosthodontic care is substantial and continues to grow.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This narrative review synthesises available evidence on the burden and impact of edentulism, along with policy responses in India and comparable settings. It further proposes a conceptual framework for essential prosthodontic care within India's district health system (DHS), positioning prosthodontic rehabilitation as a core health service, comparable to cataract surgery and hearing rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review was conducted following scale for the assessment of narrative review articles (SANRA) guidelines, drawing on epidemiological data, policy documents, low- and middle-income country (LMIC) programme evaluations and health economics evidence.</p><p><strong>Synthesis and proposed framework: </strong>Nine critical implementation gaps were identified from the literature. In response, the DHS Essential Prosthodontic Services Framework is proposed, comprising a five-tier service package with the district hospitals as nodal fabrication units; a hub-and-spoke laboratory model; eligibility and benefit structure aligned with PM-JAY; integration with National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly (NPHCE) and Ayushman Bharat; eight key performance indicators and a phased 10-year implementation roadmap.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Framing prosthodontic rehabilitation as essential care comparable to cataract surgery provides the most practical and sustainable basis for the administrative reforms required to translate existing policy intent into functional district-level service delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2026 ","pages":"3425087"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149016771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Push-Out Bond Strength Between CAD/CAM-Milled and Anatomically Customized Fiber Posts: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Camila Orlinda Andrade Gusmão, Vanessa Inácio Celestrino, Franciele Floriani, Amirali Zandinejad, Carlos Alberto Jurado, Washignton Steagall, Rubens Nisie Tango, Alfredo Mikail Melo Mesquita","doi":"10.1155/ijod/4637841","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijod/4637841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This in vitro study evaluated the push-out bond strength of two types of intraradicular fiber posts: conventional customized anatomical posts and milled fiber posts, cemented with two different strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>Sixty bovine incisors with roots sectioned at the cementoenamel junction and standardized to a length of 15 mm were endodontically treated. All specimens were randomly assigned to four groups (<i>n</i> = 15) based on post type and cementation strategy; customized anatomical post cemented with self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200, G1); customized anatomical post cemented with dual-cure resin cement (RelyX Universal resin cement, G2); milled fiber post cemented with self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200 resin cement, G3); and milled fiber post cemented with dual-cure resin cement (RelyX Universal resin cement, G4). Push-out bond strength measurements (MPa) were obtained from three root sections (cervical, middle, and apical) using a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure. The interfaces and failure modes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analysis included three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test to compare groups and root sections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CAD/CAM-milled posts (G3 and G4) exhibited significantly higher bond strength (mean PBS = 13.1 ± 3.9 MPa) compared to customized anatomical posts (G1 and G2) (mean PBS = 9.7 ± 2.8 MPa) (<i>p</i>  < 0.01). Bond strength varied significantly across root thirds (<i>p</i> = 0.034), with the apical and middle thirds demonstrating higher values than the cervical third. No significant difference in bond strength was observed between the two cementation strategies (<i>p</i> = 0.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CAD/CAM-milled fiber posts demonstrated higher push-out bond strength than customized anatomical posts, regardless of the cementation strategy. However, these groups also exhibited a greater frequency of catastrophic failures, indicating that higher bond strength should not be interpreted as overall clinical superiority. Additional studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4637841"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148989715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating AI Chatbots in Prosthodontics Education: A Quantitative MCQ-Based Assessment.","authors":"Shankargouda Patil, Samuel Bybee, Venkata Suresh Venkataiah, Shareef Amor, Allahe Majidi, Shilpa Bhandi, Frank W Licari","doi":"10.1155/ijod/5985234","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijod/5985234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Prosthodontics is a specialized branch of dentistry that encompasses a wide range of dental procedures, requiring advanced knowledge and expertise for both healthcare professionals. In this study, we assessed the performance of four widely accessible chatbots, ChatGPT-5, Claude 4, Microsoft Copilot, and DeepSeek-V3, using 150 clinical scenario-based prosthodontics multiple-choice questions (MCQs). Evaluating their performance is crucial to ensure reliability.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 150 questions compiled from Bootcamp in English were presented to the four chatbots. We then employed multiple evaluation criteria, such as bilingual evaluation understudy (BLEU), word error rate (WER), cosine semantic similarity, and Flesch reading ease (FRE) score, to provide a more comprehensive assessment of lexical similarity, error rate, semantic consistency, and readability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the four chatbots, Microsoft Copilot (accuracy: 74%; confidence interval [CI]: 72.2%-76.2%) and ChatGPT-5 (accuracy: 73%; CI: 71.5%-75.8%) demonstrated the best overall performance, achieving high accuracy at 95% CI. Particularly, ChatGPT-5 showed the fewest word errors (WER: 7.86 [95% CI: 6.61-9.10]) and FRE readability of FRE: 20.22 (95% CI: 16.26-24.19) compared to Microsoft Copilot. In terms of alignment with reference outputs, based on the BLEU score, Claude 4 (0.0106 [95% CI: 0.0058-0.0154]) maintained higher scores compared to other analyzed chatbots. Collectively, ChatGPT-5 produced a high level of observed accuracy with relatively fewer errors, moderate alignment with the reference answers, and favorable readability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that ChatGPT-5 demonstrated a favorable overall performance in prosthodontic clinical scenarios, with high observed accuracy, good textual and semantic alignment, relatively fewer errors, and favorable readability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5985234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13586676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}