International Journal of Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Physicochemical Properties, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial Activity, and Flexural Strength of Self-Cured Acrylic Resin With Silver Nanoparticles on Delaminated Clay for Removable Appliances.","authors":"Reza Mahmoudi Anzabi, Baharak Divband, Mustafa S Tukmachi, Samin Vahedifar, Mahdiyeh Esmaeilzadeh, Fatemeh Yeganeh Sefidan, Morteza Jahanbani, Ali Rafighi","doi":"10.1155/ijod/7939455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijod/7939455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Aim</b>: Silver nanoparticles represent a widely utilized nanotechnology product, prized for their versatile properties including electrical and thermal conductivity, and antimicrobial efficacy. This study aimed to assess the impact of incorporating silver nanoparticles-delaminated clay nanohybrid (AgNPs-DC) into acrylic resin on its antibacterial and antifungal characteristics, flexural strength, alongside evaluating the toxicity, and biocompatibility of the resultant composite. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Two concentrations of silver nanoparticles were initially integrated into the clay. Subsequently, cold-cure poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) was modified with varying percentages (0.2, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt%) of AgNPs-DC. Various analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, flexural strength, and elemental mapping were utilized to verify synthesis and determine physiochemical properties. Cytotoxicity assessments were conducted using mouse fibroblast cell line (L929), while antibacterial activity against standard strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>ATCC 25922</i>), <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (<i>ATCC 29212</i>), and <i>Candida albicans</i> (<i>ATCC 10239</i>) were evaluated using the colony count method. <b>Results:</b> EDX analysis confirmed the presence of clay and silver nanoparticles in the final acrylic resin. Samples with higher concentrations of silver nanoparticles (10%), AgNPs-DC (1.0% and 1.5%), and synthesized acrylic powder (80 µg/mL) exhibited increased cytotoxicity, with diminished cell viability after 5 days of incubation. Moreover, an escalation in AgNPs-DC concentration correlated with a significant reduction in colony counts of <i>E. faecalis</i>, <i>E. coli</i>, <i>and C. albicans</i> in groups with 5wt% of silver nanoparticles (<i>p</i> =  0.018, <i>p</i> <  0.001, and <i>p</i> =  0.004, respectively). Encapsulation of AgNPs-DC within the polymer mitigated its toxicity, while higher concentrations of silver nanoparticles (10%) demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial properties. The mean flexural strength in groups with concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 wt% of AgNPs-DC was significantly higher than in groups with concentrations of 1 and 1.5 wt% of AgNPs-DC. (<i>p</i> <  0.05). <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of PMMA modification with AgNPs-DC nanoparticles to confer satisfactory antibacterial and antifungal characteristics. Nonetheless, the cytotoxicity of the synthesized polymer increased with nanoparticle concentration and duration. Notably, ball milling proved effective in reducing nanoparticle aggregation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7939455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11996280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Neural Networks Based on Sp7 Protein Sequence Prediction in Peri-Implant Bone Formation.","authors":"Pradeep Kumar Yadalam, Carlos M Ardila","doi":"10.1155/ijod/7583275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijod/7583275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Peri-implant bone regeneration is crucial for dental implant success, particularly in managing peri-implantitis, which causes inflammation and bone loss. SP7 (Osterix) is vital for osteoblast differentiation and bone matrix formation. Advances in deep neural networks (DNNs) offer new ways to analyze protein sequences, potentially improving our understanding of SP7's role in bone formation. This study aims to develop and utilize DNNs to predict the SP7 protein sequence and understand its role in peri-implant bone formation. <b>Materials:</b> and Methods: Sequences were retrieved from UniProt IDs Q8TDD2 and Q9V3Z2 using the UniProt dataset. The sequences were Sp7 fasta sequences. These sequences were located, and their quality was assessed. We built an architecture that can handle a wide range of input sequences using a DNN technique, with computing needs based on the length of the input sequences. <b>Results:</b> Protein sequences were analyzed using a DNN architecture with ADAM optimizer over 50 epochs, achieving a sensitivity of 0.89 and a specificity of 0.82. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated high true-positive rates and low false-positive rates, indicating robust model performance. Precision-recall analysis underscored the model's effectiveness in handling imbalanced data, with significant area under the curve (AUC-PR). Epoch plots highlighted consistent model accuracy throughout training, confirming its reliability for protein sequence analysis. <b>Conclusion:</b> The DNN employed with ADAM optimizer demonstrated robust performance in analyzing protein sequences, achieving an accuracy of 0.85 and high sensitivity and specificity. The ROC curve highlighted the model's effectiveness in distinguishing true positives from false positives, which is essential for reliable protein classification. These findings suggest that the developed model is promising for enhancing predictive capabilities in computational biology and biomedical research, particularly in protein function prediction and therapeutic development applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7583275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11996267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Analysis of Changes in Internal and External Root Temperatures Using Different Systems for Activating the Irrigation Solution.","authors":"Maria Eduarda Paz Dotto, Julia Menezes Savaris, Luiz Carlos de Lima Dias-Junior, Tamer Ferreira Schmidt, Lucas da Fonseca Roberti Garcia, Cleonice da Silveira Teixeira, Eduardo Antunes Bortoluzzi","doi":"10.1155/ijod/3385512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijod/3385512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> There is a concern regarding the heating transfer to the periodontal tissues after irrigating solution activation. Therefore, this study analyzed the real-time changes in internal and external root temperatures using different systems for activating the irrigant. <b>Methods:</b> Two single-rooted mandibular premolars were chemomechanically prepared. Three orifices were drilled on the root surface at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apical foramen with a spherical diamond bur. In one tooth, drilling was restricted to the cementum. In another tooth, drilling was performed close to canal dentin. Thermocouple sensors were coupled to the orifices and fixed with resin for temperature measurement. Irrigation was performed with 2.5% NaOCl at 25°C or 45°C. The irrigant was activated for 20-, 30- and 60 s using 3 different systems: passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Ultra X (UX), and endoactivator (EA). For each initial irrigant temperature, time, and activation system, the tests were repeated 8 times, resulting in a total of 96 evaluations for the external and internal root temperatures (<i>n</i> = 48 for each). <b>Results:</b> Data was statistically analyzed with a multilevel linear regression model and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. Then, four-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc tests performed intergroup and intragroup comparisons. EA promoted lower temperature increase than PUI and UX (<i>p</i>  < 0.05). PUI and UX induced similar internal and external temperature changes when irrigated with NaOCl at 25°C.. <b>Conclusion:</b> The initial temperatures (25°C or 45°C) and the activation systems of the irrigant had influence on the internal and external radicular temperatures. The activation period had little influence on root temperature changes, which may be deemed clinically safe.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2025 ","pages":"3385512"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Aqueous Propolis Extract in Reducing the <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> Count in Primary Teeth: An In Vitro Study.","authors":"Majd Refaay, Mhd Bashier Almonakel, Samar Alsalameh, Ibraheem Hawary, Yasser Alsayed Tolibah","doi":"10.1155/ijod/7629615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijod/7629615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the efficacy of 11% aqueous propolis extract in eliminating <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> in necrotic pulp canals of primary anterior teeth compared to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. <b>Materials</b> and Methods: <i>E. faecalis</i> were isolated from necrotic primary anterior teeth with periapical lesions, cultured, and incubated using paper points. The research sample comprised 30 extracted single-rooted necrotic primary anterior teeth, divided equally into two groups according to the irrigants used. Access cavities were prepared, and working lengths were determined. Afterward, canals were shaped using K-files, contaminated with <i>E. faecalis</i>, and placed in an incubator for a week. Initial microbial swabs were taken, and then each canal was irrigated with either 3 mL of a hand-made 11% aqueous propolis extract or 3 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite for 5 min. Postirrigation microbial swabs were taken, cultured on blood agar plates, and incubated at 37°C for 48 h, followed by colony counts. Statistical tests included the paired sample <i>T</i>-test, Wilcoxon signed ranks, and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests. The significance level was set at <i>α</i> = 0.05. <b>Results:</b> In total, 11% aqueous propolis extract contributed to a 61.8% reduction in <i>E. faecalis</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while 2.5% sodium hypochlorite contributed to an 84.1% reduction (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The average change in logarithmic values in the sodium hypochlorite group was more significant than in the propolis group (<i>p</i>=0.002). <b>Conclusion:</b> In total, 11% aqueous propolis extract is antimicrobial against <i>E. faecalis</i>. However, its efficacy was less than 2.5% sodium hypochlorite.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2025 ","pages":"7629615"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11991864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Protective Effects of MSC-Derived Exosomes Against Chemotherapy-Induced Parotid Gland Cytotoxicity.","authors":"Mahmoud M Bakr, Mahmoud Al Ankily, Mohamed Shamel","doi":"10.1155/ijod/5517092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijod/5517092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most popular chemotherapeutic agents used in various cancer therapy protocols. Cell-free therapy utilizing exosomes is gaining increased popularity as a safer option due to concerns over potential tumor progression following stem cell therapy. <b>Methods:</b> Parotid glands of albino were treated with a single bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC)-derived exosomes injection (100 μg/kg/dose suspended in 0.2 mL phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]), a single 5-Fu injection (20 mg/kg), and BMMSC-derived exosomes plus 5-FU and compared to control group (daily saline injections). After 30 days, the parotid glands were examined using qualitative histological evaluation, immunohistochemical evaluation using rabbit polyclonal mouse antibody to Ki-67, caspase 3, and <i>iNOS</i>, as well as quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to evaluate gene expression of <i>TGFβ1</i>, <i>TNF-α</i>, and <i>BCL-2</i>. <b>Results:</b> Histological examination of the parotid gland revealed that BMMSC-derived exosomes restored the glands' architecture and repaired most of the distortion created by 5-FU. Immunohistochemical expression of tumor proliferation and cell death markers were restored to normal levels in the exosome-treated groups that were similar to the control group. Furthermore, BMMSC-derived exosomes reversed the effects of 5-FU on quantitative gene expression levels and showed a significant decrease in <i>TNF-α</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and a significant increase in <i>TGFβ</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) and <i>BCL-2</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05) when compared to 5-FU treatment. <b>Conclusion:</b> Within the limitations of the current study, BMMSC-derived exosomes have the potential to counteract the cytotoxic effects of 5-FU on the parotid glands of rats in vivo. Further studies are deemed necessary to simulate clinical scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5517092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11986938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Oral Health Knowledge and Practices and Its Association With Sociodemographic Factors Among Government Employes and Their Clients in Kuwait: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Huda Nazar, Maddi Shyama, Jitendra Ariga, Sabiha Almutawa, Ozayr Mahomed","doi":"10.1155/ijod/8880948","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijod/8880948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Aim:</b> Oral health knowledge is a vital requirement for health-related practice. Adequate knowledge of oral health is important due to its influence to better oral health and in developing healthy oral health practices. This study aims to assess the knowledge, practices towards oral health, and its association with sociodemographic factors amongst government employes and their clients in Kuwait, as well as to provide information that could form the basis for targeted oral health promotion programs. This research also aimed at determining the pattern of oral hygiene practices of the adult employes. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> In this cross-sectional study, data were collected at the Ministries Complex and Housing Authority by a team of trained dentists using a customized questionnaire that was translated into Arabic language. The questionnaire included questions on demographic characteristics; questions about oral health practices; nutrition; knowledge of dental and oral health; and risk factors such as smoking and water pipe use. <b>Results:</b> Respondents in Kuwait demonstrate good oral health knowledge; however, daily dental flossing is inadequately practiced. Nutritional practices such as fast-food consumption and sugary sweet consumption are common amongst the employed adults. Males and smokers have poorer knowledge and inadequate oral hygiene practices. In multivariate analysis, employes having a post school education were significantly associated with an above median knowledge (AOR: 2.34). Male participants (AOR: 0.41) and smokers (AOR: 0.59) were significantly less likely to brush their teeth. Participants who used a water pipe (AOR: 0.57) were significantly less likely to floss their teeth. <b>Conclusions:</b> Majority of participants had a good knowledge level towards oral health. This study highlights the need for educational interventions focusing on comprehensive oral hygiene practices among adults. Further efforts are essential to increase awareness in workplaces to help encourage adult employes in Kuwait in developing healthy oral health practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2025 ","pages":"8880948"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11968157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions About E-Cigarette Smoking Among Students in the Dental Fields in Jordan.","authors":"Suhair R Obeidat, Zain A Malkawi, Omar F Khabour, Amani Gh AlSa'di","doi":"10.1155/ijod/6521183","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijod/6521183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> Tobacco use is common in Jordan, with electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) becoming more prevalent, especially among the youth. Despite this trend, very few studies have been conducted on e-cigarette use among dental students, who should be more informed about the consequences of e-cigarette use on oral health. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and perception of e-cigarette smoking among Jordanian dental students with respect to its effects on oral health. <b>Methods:</b> The study utilized a cross-sectional survey method and used a convenient sampling approach. The study included 645 students from Dentistry Schools in Jordan. <b>Results:</b> The most popular smoking type among participants was waterpipe. A total of 16% of students reported smoking e-cigarettes. The majority of e-cigarette users reported initiation of smoking at 17-18 years of age. Most users thought that e-cigarettes are less harmful compared to regular cigarettes, while 87% of them acknowledged the addictive nature of the product. Students demonstrated good awareness of the deleterious effects of e-cigarettes on oral health, and two-thirds of them expressed concern about its effects on general health. <b>Conclusions:</b> The prevalence of e-cigarette smoking among dental students in Jordan is high and necessitates health education programs to increase awareness of the associated health risks among young adults, specifically in educational settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2025 ","pages":"6521183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Multidisciplinary Cleft Team Care on Oral Health Quality of Life in Children With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Focus on Early Intervention vs. Sporadic Treatment.","authors":"Shabnam Ajami, Mahtab Ebrahimi Nezhad, Faezeh Bahraini, Nasser Nadjmi, Maryam Zeraatkar","doi":"10.1155/ijod/1642111","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijod/1642111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This is a study evaluating oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) using the Farsi version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (F-ECOHIS) in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) who were treated at a multi-disciplinary cleft center, adopted from another surgeon, and the ones did not have clefts and were treated at that dental clinic. <b>Design:</b> Cross-sectional study. <b>Setting:</b> The study was conducted at the Lip and Palate Cleft Clinic (Orthodontic Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences). <b>Patients:</b> The participants were enrolled from the Lip and Palate Cleft Clinic and the Department of Pediatric Dentistry. <b>Main Outcome Measures:</b> The OHRQoL of preschool children and their caregivers. <b>Results:</b> The total score of (ECOHIS) in all subscales of both domains of child impact and family impact was statistically lower for the study group than the other groups. Two by two comparisons showed significant differences between the team-managed and non-team groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In any domain subscale, there were no gender differences among the three groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> The team-managed group obtained better scores in all subscales in comparison to the control and the non-team patient groups; however, since randomization and a controlled surgical method were not possible, the improvements in quality-of-life scores cannot be directly related to the surgical method.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2025 ","pages":"1642111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of an Experimental CPP-ACP and Fluoride Toothpaste in Prevention of Enamel Demineralization: An In Vitro Study on Bovine Enamel.","authors":"Zahra Moslehitabar, Hossein Bagheri, Abdolrasoul Rangrazi, Ali Faramarzi Garmroodi, Aliakbar Hodjatpanah Montazeri","doi":"10.1155/ijod/5598592","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijod/5598592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study evaluated the effects of adding casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), with and without fluoride, to a laboratory toothpaste on the inhibition of enamel demineralization under pH cycling conditions. <b>Methods and Materials:</b> A total of 44 enamel blocks were prepared. Samples were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1-Basic laboratory toothpaste as control; Group 2-Laboratory toothpaste containing 1100 ppm sodium fluoride; Group 3-Laboratory toothpaste containing 1% w/w CPP-ACPF; Group 4-Laboratory toothpaste containing 1% w/w CPP-ACP. Half of each enamel block was coated with nail varnish (sound area), and the other half was subjected to pH cycling for 10 days. During this period, the samples were immersed in a demineralization solution for three separate periods of 1 h each (3 h in total). In the remaining intervals, they were immersed in a remineralization solution (21 h in total). After the first step of demineralization, samples were immersed in an aqueous solution of the toothpaste and distilled water for 6 min. Vickers microhardness was measured at depths of 20, 50, and 120 μm. <b>Results:</b> The relative demineralization (rDEM) index in all treatment groups was significantly smaller than that in the control group. Binary analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the rDEM among the treatment groups, regardless of depth. Tukey's post hoc test revealed that the amount of hardness reduction due to the pH cycle was significant in all groups and at all depths, except for Group 4 at 50 and 120 μm depth. Therefore, CPP-ACP is more effective in preventing demineralization. <b>Conclusion:</b> All three remineralizing agents inhibited enamel demineralization; however, CPP-ACP was more effective at depths of 50 and 120 μm.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2025 ","pages":"5598592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy of Buccal Midazolam in Comparison With Intranasal Midazolam Sedation in Uncooperative Children During Dental Treatment.","authors":"Doaa Arnaout, Mohamed Altinawi, Imad Katbeh, Nikolay Tuturov, Ahmad Saleh","doi":"10.1155/ijod/4269519","DOIUrl":"10.1155/ijod/4269519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Behavioral management techniques are not always sufficient, and then it is necessary to use pharmacological management methods. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of buccal midazolam sedation with intranasal midazolam in non-cooperative children during dental treatment. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> A randomized single blinded comparative clinical study consisted of 40 children aged 3-6 years who were divided randomly into two groups: Group A intranasal midazolam and Group B buccal midazolam. The onset time of action and recovery time from sedation were compared between the two groups, and the efficacy of sedation was evaluated by Houpt behavior scale. The independent student's <i>T</i> test, Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test, the Wilcoxon test and the Chi-square test were used. <b>Results:</b> There were no statistically significant differences in the onset time of action (<i>p</i>=0.458) and recovery time from sedation (<i>p</i>=0.148). There were no statically significant differences between the two groups in sleeping, crying, and movement categories (<i>p</i>=0.747), (<i>p</i>=0.183), (<i>p</i>=0.732), respectively, or in the overall Houpt scale (<i>p</i>=0.393), there were statistically significant differences in the sleep variable between the two studied phases in the intranasal group (<i>p</i>=0.014) and in the movement variable in the buccal group (<i>p</i>=0.039). <b>Conclusion:</b> Both buccal midazolam and intranasal sedation were effective in the management of uncooperative children during dental treatment at 85% and 80%, respectively. <b>Trial Registration:</b> Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12624000945527.</p>","PeriodicalId":13947,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Dentistry","volume":"2025 ","pages":"4269519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}