Intelligence最新文献_第4页

Bayesian networks to evaluate and test the Raven’s colored progressive matrices 贝叶斯网络来评估和测试Raven的彩色渐进矩阵

IF 2.8 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101964

Matteo Orsoni , Matilde Spinoso , Sara Garofalo , Noemi Mazzoni , Sara Giovagnoli , Debora de Chiusole , Pasquale Anselmi , Alice Bacherini , Irene Pierluigi , Luca Stefanutti , Giulia Balboni , Mariagrazia Benassi

{"title":"Bayesian networks to evaluate and test the Raven’s colored progressive matrices","authors":"Matteo Orsoni , Matilde Spinoso , Sara Garofalo , Noemi Mazzoni , Sara Giovagnoli , Debora de Chiusole , Pasquale Anselmi , Alice Bacherini , Irene Pierluigi , Luca Stefanutti , Giulia Balboni , Mariagrazia Benassi","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study explores the inter-item dependencies within Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices (CPMs) across childhood developmental stages by leveraging different Bayesian Network (BN) models. The data were collected from 255 participants aged 4 to 11 and analyzed using both theory-driven (including transitive independence and various sequential dependence structures) and data-driven approaches. The data-driven BN structure learning was developed by incorporating bootstrap stability analysis and parameter optimization, while the hypothesis comparison was carried out via Bayes factors. Furthermore, the model’s validity and generalizability were examined through the implementation of the leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) approach. The findings revealed that the Sequential Data-Driven Model exhibited consistent superiority over conventional theory-driven hypothesis models. This suggest the presence of complex interrelationships that might challenge the assumption of local independence in psychometric assessments. Furthermore, our cross-validation analyses and model fit findings reveal that robust sequential dependencies and direct item-to-item influences are more stable in kindergarten samples. Conversely, as students progress through primary school, their response patterns become more heterogeneous and variable, likely reflecting a transition toward more flexible and individualized cognitive approaches. In conclusion, these results suggest the presence of complex patterns of item interdependence in the CPMs, thereby establishing the foundation for the development of advanced scoring methodologies and prompting additional investigation into the cognitive processes underlying these dependencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Writing hand preference and cognitive function across the childhood years: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study 童年时期的写字手偏好和认知功能：来自千年队列研究的发现

IF 2.8 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101952

Maria Sifaki , Eirini Flouri

{"title":"Writing hand preference and cognitive function across the childhood years: Findings from the Millennium Cohort Study","authors":"Maria Sifaki , Eirini Flouri","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some evidence suggests that non-right-handed children have somewhat lower cognitive abilities than their right-handed counterparts, but differences are weak and inconsistent. Further research is needed to understand whether cognitive skill differences between right-handed and non-right-handed children in the general population exist, and if so when they emerge, how they develop across time, and how they may vary for different skills. This study, using longitudinal data from 11,371 children (50.07 % girls) of the UK's Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), explored the associations between writing hand preference and a range of verbal and non-verbal cognitive skills (10 cognitive skill scores overall) at ages 3, 5, 7, and 11 years. Writing hand preference (right-hand/non-right-hand) was reported by children at age 14 (a retrospective measure). We imputed missing data and ran regression modelling, while adjusting for covariates. Writing hand preference was associated with pattern construction at ages 5 and 7 and with verbal reasoning and spatial working memory at age 11, with right-handers performing better. Effect sizes were very small. Sensitivity analyses excluding the small number of children reporting using either hand replicated these results. Our findings suggest that non-right-handed children show some disadvantage, especially in spatial skills, across the primary school years. Supporting their spatial skills could be of benefit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How socioeconomic status affects a child's education – Investigating objective and subjective factors involved in shaping educational success in Germany 社会经济地位如何影响孩子的教育——调查影响德国教育成功的客观和主观因素

IF 2.8 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101970

Lena Paulus , Frank M. Spinath , Elisabeth Hahn

{"title":"How socioeconomic status affects a child's education – Investigating objective and subjective factors involved in shaping educational success in Germany","authors":"Lena Paulus , Frank M. Spinath , Elisabeth Hahn","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Differences in educational trajectories between social backgrounds can only be partially explained by differences in cognitive abilities and are therefore considered educational inequalities. In this study, multiple constructs involved in the prediction of educational success were investigated in a joint approach to specify their unique contributions and to identify mechanisms associated with how socioeconomic status (SES) influences education. Multiple regression analyses were conducted on <em>N</em> = 2273 children (aged 10 to 12). The effect of SES on educational success was found to function via two mechanisms: First, the effect of school grades and home environment on the assignment to secondary school was moderated by SES showing stronger influence at higher SES levels. In contrast, being conscientious exerted a stronger influence for low SES children. Second, high SES children were more likely to display characteristics that positively affected their academic performance (e.g., higher self-perceived ability, educational aspiration, cognitive abilities). Overall, the disadvantage of children with low SES can be explained by the central findings that (1) school grades played a lesser role for low SES children in their recommendation for further educational paths after primary school, and (2) high SES children showed higher self-perceived abilities and higher educational aspirations unrelated to their cognitive abilities which was associated with higher educational success. Why these mechanisms occur and where they originate should be further investigated considering additional factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Family-level intelligence and maternal health: A cross-cohort, cross-generational longitudinal study using the NLSY 家庭水平智力和孕产妇健康：使用NLSY的跨队列、跨代纵向研究

IF 2.8 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101966

Wänström Linda , O'’Keefe Patrick , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Voll Stacey , D. Mann Frank , Clouston Sean , Hofer Scott , L. Rodgers Joseph

{"title":"Family-level intelligence and maternal health: A cross-cohort, cross-generational longitudinal study using the NLSY","authors":"Wänström Linda , O'’Keefe Patrick , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Voll Stacey , D. Mann Frank , Clouston Sean , Hofer Scott , L. Rodgers Joseph","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the association between family-level intelligence metrics, and maternal health outcomes in middle age, as captured in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Building on past research documenting links between maternal intelligence and health, our study expands the inquiry by exploring how both variations and trends in family-level intelligence are associated with maternal middle-age health. We use multilevel modeling analysis to extract family intelligence levels and growth scores from children's Peabody Individual Achievement Test of math, reading recognition and reading comprehension. We use two time-points, ten years apart, to extract levels and growth scores from maternal middle-aged health data. We then use canonical correlation analysis to examine the associations between family intelligence and maternal health. Our results show a positive association between family cognition and maternal health. Families with greater math and reading recognition levels experience better levels of maternal health outcomes. Patterns also suggest that low levels in math and reading comprehension are related to larger declines in physical health. We discuss implications of intellectual development in the family, noting that higher family intelligence not only holds intrinsic value but also is associated with improved maternal health outcomes. We discuss a possible “Flynn effect transfer” within the family context, where intellectual advancement correlates with positive health trajectories in midlife mothers. Future research could extend these insights to explore further downstream effects on both maternal and child well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Humans peak in midlife: A combined cognitive and personality trait perspective 人类在中年达到顶峰：一个认知和人格特质的综合视角

IF 2.8 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101961

Gilles E. Gignac , Marcin Zajenkowski

{"title":"Humans peak in midlife: A combined cognitive and personality trait perspective","authors":"Gilles E. Gignac , Marcin Zajenkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluid intelligence, which peaks near age 20 and declines materially across adulthood, is often regarded as the most critical cognitive ability for predicting important life outcomes. Yet, human achievement in domains such as career success tends to peak much later, typically between the ages of 55 and 60. This discrepancy may reflect the fact that, while fluid intelligence may decline with age, other dimensions improve (e.g., crystallized intelligence, emotional intelligence). To examine this possibility, we analyzed age-related trends across nine constructs associated with life success: cognitive abilities, personality traits, emotional intelligence, financial literacy, moral reasoning, resistance to sunk cost bias, cognitive flexibility, cognitive empathy, and need for cognition. We extracted age-related findings from published studies for each dimension and standardized all scores to T-scores for comparability. We then constructed a Cognitive-Personality Functioning Index (CPFI) and compared two weighting approaches: a Conventional model, emphasizing intelligence and core personality traits, and a Comprehensive model, integrating a broader array of dimensions. Both models revealed a peak in overall functioning during late midlife (ages 55 to 60) but diverged at the younger and older ends of adulthood: under Conventional weighting, older adults scored well below young adults, whereas under Comprehensive weighting, the two groups were roughly equivalent. These findings suggest that functional capacity, defined in terms of key differential psychological traits, may peak in late midlife, closely aligning with the typical peak in career achievement. Also, individuals best suited for high-stakes decision-making roles are unlikely to be younger than 40 or older than 65.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Racial hereditarian research remains unjustified and harmful: A reply to Woodley et al. (2025a, b) 种族遗传主义研究仍然是不合理和有害的：对Woodley等人（2025a, b）的答复。

IF 2.8 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101967

Kevin A. Bird , John P. Jackson Jr. , Andrew S. Winston

引用次数: 0

Critical thinking disposition as a mediator in creativity and problem-solving: A MASEM study 批判性思维倾向在创造力和问题解决中的中介作用：一项MASEM研究

IF 2.8 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101951

Ayhan Koçoğlu , Sedat Kanadlı

{"title":"Critical thinking disposition as a mediator in creativity and problem-solving: A MASEM study","authors":"Ayhan Koçoğlu , Sedat Kanadlı","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Critical thinking disposition (CTD) is a higher-order thinking skill that plays a crucial role due to its direct and indirect effects on problem-solving (PS) and creative thinking (CT) skills. Studies in the field of education frequently emphasize critical thinking as an important component of 21st-century skills. Accordingly, this study examined the mediating role of critical thinking disposition between problem-solving and creative thinking skills. Utilizing the meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) method, this study synthesized 74 correlation values from 64 studies. These correlations examined the relationships between critical thinking disposition (CTD) and problem-solving skills (PSS) (k = 53), CTD and creative thinking skills (CTS) (k = 15), and PSS and CTS (k = 6). Correlation coefficients were considered to test the mediating role of CTD in the relationship between creative thinking and problem-solving. Data collected from a total population of 17,273 individuals were included in the analysis. The research results show that CTD is related to both PSS and CTS. Furthermore, it was determined that CTD acts as a partial mediator in the relationship between PSS and CTS. According to this result, creative thinking affects problem-solving both directly and indirectly through critical thinking disposition, with these pathways collectively explaining 22 % of the variance in problem-solving. The study findings also indicated that the scales used to measure CTD might yield different results concerning the relationships with PSS and CTS. Conversely, it was determined that the country where the studies were conducted, participant age, and gender were not significant moderators. These findings highlight the interconnectedness of these higher-order thinking skills and suggest that interventions targeting CTD could enhance both creative and problem-solving abilities, while also underscoring the need for careful consideration of measurement instruments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From principles to progress: One year of renewal at intelligence 从原则到进步：智力更新的一年

IF 2.8 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101972

Dragos Iliescu , Samuel Greiff

引用次数: 0

Lack of measurement invariance in mental health assessment across intelligence levels: Investigation into nonlinearity reveals a broader issue 缺乏测量不变性的心理健康评估跨智力水平：调查非线性揭示了一个更广泛的问题

IF 2.8 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101963

Stanisław K. Czerwiński, Roman Konarski, Paweł A. Atroszko

{"title":"Lack of measurement invariance in mental health assessment across intelligence levels: Investigation into nonlinearity reveals a broader issue","authors":"Stanisław K. Czerwiński, Roman Konarski, Paweł A. Atroszko","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The notion of individuals with extremely high intelligence experiencing specific psychological difficulties has been brought up many times by researchers, with no consensus being reached on this matter. Modeling the relationship between intelligence and mental health nonlinearly allows for revealing the possibility for extremely intelligent individuals to experience specific difficulties affecting their mental health while still having better mental health on average. Moreover, with gender roles ingrained in the social world, men and women are likely to have different experiences with how their social environments react to their high intelligence. This study used data from two cohort studies: the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79; <em>n</em> = 8474) and 1997 (NLSY97; <em>n</em> = 6472). Although, the results of polynomial and piecewise regression suggested that the relationship of intelligence with depression and distress is nonlinear, the results of local structural equation models showed the lack of measurement invariance of mental health measures across intelligence values for both men and women. The factor loadings for the measures decreased, as the intelligence values increased. As such, values of mental health are not comparable across different levels of intelligence. If this effect is also present on a larger number of psychometric instruments, the implications on psychological research could be substantial. The lack of measurement invariance of psychometric instruments across intelligence can compromise the results of studies, not only those testing for nonlinear relationships of intelligence, but also those testing for linear ones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An investigation into differences in general intelligence and coaches' subjective assessment of players' decision-making skills across different playing positions in EPPP association football academies EPPP协会足球院校不同位置球员一般智力及教练员对球员决策能力主观评价差异的调查

IF 2.8 2区心理学

Intelligence Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101968

Scott Davies , Rob Noonan , Colin Robertson , Sean Sankey

{"title":"An investigation into differences in general intelligence and coaches' subjective assessment of players' decision-making skills across different playing positions in EPPP association football academies","authors":"Scott Davies , Rob Noonan , Colin Robertson , Sean Sankey","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With developments in tactical complexity in association football (soccer) general intelligence and decision-making are becoming increasingly important attributes for players at all levels. However, an absence of evidence regarding general intelligence and decision-making across different positions within English Academy soccer indicates that it is unknown how specific intelligence in soccer needs to be for successful performance. This study aimed to 1) examine differences in general intelligence scores between different playing positions, 2) investigate differences in coach assessed decision-making ability between different playing positions and 3) assess differences between general intelligence test score ranks and decision-making ranks awarded by coaches to each player per position. One hundred and one participants, aged 16–18 years were recruited from eight clubs in the English Football League. Participants completed an established psychometric test of general intelligence and the lead development phase coach at each club ranked players' decision-making ability. There were 99 outfield players who participated: 37 defenders, 34 midfielders and 28 attackers. No difference was found in general intelligence scores between playing positions. However, a significant difference was found in decision-making ranks, with coaches determining attacker's decision-making to be lower than midfielders and defenders. Likewise, no difference was found between general intelligence and decision-making ranks for either defenders or midfielders, but a difference was observed between attackers' general intelligence and decision-making ranks. In conclusion, attacker's game intelligence appears to be underestimated by coaches. Consequently, utilisation of a psychometric test of general intelligence could enhance identification of talented players in Academy soccer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"113 ","pages":"Article 101968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0