Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia最新文献

{"title":"Pengaruh krom pada elektrodeposisi nikel dari larutan nikel-krom","authors":"Pramujo Widiatmoko, Isdiriayani Nurdin","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2011.10.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2011.10.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The chromium effect on nickel electrodeposition from nickel-chromium solution Electrodeposition, which can convert nickel ion into pure nickel metal, is an alternative for reducing nickel concentration in electroplating waste and in same time increasing its economic value. The aim of this research is to study the effect of chromium presence on the performance of Nickel recovery from liquid waste of Ni-Cr electroplating process. Liquid of electroplating waste leachate is represented by solutions containing nickel and chromium sulfate method. All experiments were carried out at ambient temperature and pressure with Cr/Ni ratio and boric acid composition as variables. Result of the research shows that chromium presence in solution with 28.9% Cr/Ni ratio increases activation polarization of about 500 mV. Optimum condition of the experiment is obtained for Cr/Ni ratio 3.7%-w. Increasing Cr/Ni ratio from 3.7% to 14.8% decreases current efficiency by 57% and deposition efficiency by 5%, and also increases energy consumption by 8.3%. Morphology of deposited nickel deteriorates with increasing of Cr/Ni ratio and hydroxide compound is formed when it reaches 14.8%. Keywords: nickel electrodeposition, nickel-chromium solution, chromium, electroplating wasteAbstrakElektrodeposisi merupakan metode alternatif yang potensial untuk mengurangi kandungan nikel dari limbah elektroplating sekaligus meningkatkan nilai ekonomisnya, dengan produk berupa logam nikel murni. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkuantifikasi pengaruh krom dalam proses pemulihan nikel dari larutan limbah industri yang mengandung nikel dan krom. Nikel sulfat dan krom sulfat digunakan sebagai pendekatan larutan hasil ekstraksi limbah padat. Percobaan dilakukan pada tekanan dan temperatur ruang dengan variasi rasio krom terhadap nikel serta konsentrasi asam borat sebagai aditif. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan krom dengan rasio Cr/Ni 28,9% meningkatkan polarisasi aktivasi sekitar 500 mV. Kondisi optimum untuk percobaan ini diperoleh ketika rasio Cr/Ni 3,7%-berat. Perubahan rasio Cr/Ni dalam larutan dari 3,7% menjadi 14,8% menurunkan efisiensi arus sebesar 57%, menurunkan efisiensi deposisi 5%, serta meningkatkan kebutuhan energi hingga 8,3%. Morfologi deposit nikel menjadi lebih buruk dengan kenaikan rasio Cr/Ni, dan berubah menjadi deposit hidroksida pada rasio Cr/Ni 14,8%.Kata kunci: elektrodeposisi nikel, larutan nikel-krom, krom, limbah elektroplating","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115292430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Esterifikasi asam lemak bebas dalam minyak sawit mentah untuk produksi metilester","authors":"T. Prakoso, Indra Kurniawan, R. Nugroho","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2007.6.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2007.6.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Methyl esters are one of alkyl esters compound that used as alternative diesel fuel became popular. Methyl esters have similarities on physical and chemical properties with the diesel fuel produced from fossil oil; however it has less combustion and environmental emissions. As fossil oil become rare to be exploited, and the rapid environmental issues, the efforts to develop methyl esters as alternative diesel fuel become a prospective one. One method to produce methyl esters from free fatty acids of crude palm oil (CPO) is the two step esterification-transesterification reaction, each step produce the same final product, however differs in the side product. Esterification produce water and transesterfication produce glycerin. The reaction uses alcohol as main reactant beside the free fatty acids, it can be conducted in batch or continuous production. In this research, the investigation is only emphasized in the first step that is the esterification step to produce methyl esters from free fatty acids contained in crude palm oil. Methanol and sulfuric acid are used as reactant and catalyst respectively. Methyl esters produced by esterification is affected by reaction temperature, amounts of catalyst, and methanol volume. The increase in temperature improved esterification conversion from 19% in 50C to 98% in 60C. While the usage of the highest amount of catalyst, 5 ml/1-CPO, led to produced the highest conversion relative to the conversion from 1 and 3 ml/1-CPO catalyst. Furthermore, 10% amount of methanol per volume CPO produced higher yield than 8%.Keywords : Biodiesel,  CPO Free Fatty Acid Esterification, Methyl Ester ConversionAbstrak Metil ester merupakan suatu senyawa alkil ester yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Metil ester memiliki sifat fisik dan kimia yang hampir sam a dengan minyak diesel yang dihasilkan dari minyak bumi tetapi emisi pembakaran dari penggunaan ester metal lebih rendah dari pada emisi hasil penggunaan minyak solar. Seiring dengan semakin langkanya sumber minyak bumi dan semakin gencarnya isu lingkungan hidup, pengembangan ester metil sebagai bahan bakar pengganti minyak solar semakin prospektif. Pembuatan ester metil dari asam lemak bebas minyak sawit mentah (crude palm oil) dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara antara lain dengan reaksi esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi menggunakan alkohol. Reaksi-reaksi ini dapat dilaksanakan secara batch maupun kontinu. Pada penelitian yang telah dilakukan, pembuatan ester metil dari asam lemak bebas minyak sawit mentah dilakukan dengan reaksi esterifikasi secara batch, dengan reaktan berupa minyak sawit mentah dan metanol. Katalis yang digunakan adalah H2SO4. Konversi ester metil yang dihasilkan dipengaruhi oleh temperatur reaksi, konsentrasi katalis dan konsentrasi metanol. Kenaikan temperatur reaksi akan meningkatkan konversi dari 19% pada 50oC menjadi 98% pada 60oC. Dengan menggunakan konsentrasi katalis tertinggi 5ml/l CPO memicu konversi tertinggi relatif diban","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116675984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penyerapan gas H2S dengan larutan K2CO3 dari ekstrak abu kelopak batang pisang","authors":"Haryomukti Sulistyo, Novita Wiedhasari, Deddy Setiawan","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2005.4.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2005.4.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak Gas H2S merupakan gas yang bersifat polutan dalam gas alam maupun campuran gas. Keberadaannya harus dihilangkan dari campuran tersebut. Ekstrak abu dari limbah pertanian mengandung kalium karbonat yang dapat menyerap gas H2S. Percobaan dilakukan dengan mengalirkan gas H2S dengan laju alir 2,3175 mL/s dan fraksi mol 0,4105 ke dalam larutan ekstrak abu dalam reaktor berpengaduk pada kisaran suhu 303K sampai 325 K, konsentrasi kalium karbonat 7,5.10-3 M sampai 13,5.10-3  M dun waktu reaksi sampai 30 menit, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konversi kalium karbonat dapat mencapai 37,90%, pada penggunaan kalium karbonat 0,0075M, fraksi mol H2S 0, 4105, suhu reaksi 325K dan waktu reaksi 30 menit. Hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai koefisien perpindahan massa keseluruhan, KLa=6,24 menit-1, sedang hubungan antara konstanta kecepatan reaksi dengan suhu sesuai dengan persamaan Arrhenius, kr = 175,3219e-15.6788RT. Analisis kinetika reaksi menunjukkan bahwa kedua langkah yaitu perpindahan massa dan reaksi kimia saling menentukan (regim campuran).Kata Kunci : Penyerapan, Perpindahan Massa, Reaksi KimiaAbstrakGas H2S merupakan gas yang bersifat polutan dalam gas alam maupun campuran gas. Keheradaannya harus dihilangkan dari campuran tersehut. Ekstrak abu dari limbah pertanian mengandung kalium karbonat yang dapat menyerap gas H2S. Percobaan dilakukan dengan mengalirkan gas H2S dengan laju alir 2,3175 mL/s dan fraksi mol 0,4105 ke dalam larutan ekstrak abu dalam reaktor berpengaduk pada kisaran suhu 303K sampai 325K, konsentrasi kalium karbonat 7,5 10-3M sampai 13,5 10-3M dan waktu reaksi sampai 30 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konversi kalium karbonat dapat mencapai 3 7, 90%, pada penggunaan kalium karbona!  0,0075 M, fraksi  mol  H2S 0,4105, suhu reaksi 325K  dan waktu reaksi 30 menit. Hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai koeflsien perpindahan massa keseluruhan, K1a= 6,24 menit-1, sedang hubungan antara konstanta kecepatan reaksi dengan suhu sesuai dengan  persamaan Arrhenius, kr=175,3219e-15,6788RT. Analisis kinetika reaksi menunjukkan bahwa kedua langkah yaitu perpindahan massa  dan reaksi kimia sating menentukan (regim campuran).Kata Kunci: Penyerapan, Perpindahan Massa, Reaksi Kimia","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133446732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pemanfaatan emisi gas metana dari stasiun kompresor sistem perpipaan gas alam sebagai sumber energi termal","authors":"Yogi Wibisono Budhi, Mohammad Effendy","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2009.8.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2009.8.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Methane gas emmision utilization from natural gas piping system compressor station as thermal energy sourceEmission of CH4 gas to the atmosphere may result in a global warming effect 21 times larger than that of CO2. One of the strategies to reduce this impact is to convert CH4 to CO2 in a Reverse Flow Reactor (RFR). RFR is a suitable apparatus to process gases with very low concentrations (0.1–1 %-v). The CH4 combustion reaction is exothermic, with a DTadiabatic between 10–200 oC (at a 0.1–1 %-v concentration), and therefore its heat of reaction may be used as a thermal energy source. RFR is capable of controlling heat transfer in the reactor, storing heat, and releasing it to heat low-temperature feeds. This paper presents the results of a study on the effect of the removal of heat generated by CH4 combustion as thermal energy source on the performance of RFR. The methodology in this study involved computer simulations. For a feed flowrate of 0.22 L/s, the optimum rate of heat that can be recovered was 43 kJ/m3×s (heat recovery efficiency of 50.4%). An air flowrate of 92.9 g/s was required to extract the heat.Keyword: Reverse flow reactor, methane catalytic combustion, modeling, green house effect simulation, gas piping system. AbstrakEmisi gas CH4 ke atmosfer dapat menyebabkan pengaruh pemanasan global 21 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan gas CO2. Salah satu strategi untuk mengurangi dampak tersebut adalah dengan mengkonversi gas CH4 menjadi CO2 dalam Reaktor Aliran Bolak-Balik (RABB). RABB adalah piranti yang tepat untuk mengolah gas yang berkonsentrasi sangat kecil (0,1-1 %-v). Reaksi pembakaran CH4 bersifat eksotermis dengan DTadiabatik berkisar antara 10–200 oC (konsentrasi 0,1–1 %-v), sehingga panas reaksinya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi termal. RABB memiliki kemampuan dalam mengendalikan pergerakan panas di dalam reaktor, menyimpan panas, dan memberikannya kembali untuk memanaskan umpan yang bertemperatur rendah. Makalah ini menyampaikan hasil kajian tentang pengaruh pengambilan panas hasil reaksi pembakaran gas CH4 sebagai sumber energi termal terhadap kinerja RABB. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah dengan simulasi komputer. Untuk laju alir umpan sebesar 0,22 L/s, panas optimum yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah 43 kJ/m3.s (efisiensi pemulihan panas 50,4%) dan dibutuhkan laju alir udara sebesar 92,9 g/s untuk mengekstrak panas.Kata kunci: Reaktor aliran bolak-balik, pembakaran katalitik metana, pemodelan, simulasi efek rumah kaca, sistem perpipaan gas","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114200551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulasi difusi dan adsorpsi matriks pada proses enhanced coalbed methane","authors":"Ade Nurisman, R. G. Dewi, Ucok Wandi Siagian","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2013.12.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2013.12.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Diffusion and matrix adsorption simulations in enhanced coalbed methane process. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) can be considered as one of climate change mitigation efforts, through capturing and injecting of CO2 in underground formations for reducing CO2 emissions. CO2 injection in coalbed methane (CBM) reservoir has potentially attracted for reducing CO2 emissions and enhancing coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery. Diffusion and sorption are phenomenon of gas in the matrix on CO2 injection in CBM reservoir. The objectives of the research are focused on understanding of diffusion and sorption of gas in the coal matrix with mathematical model and estimating of CO2 storage in coalbed and CH4 recovery. In this research, mathematical model is developed to describe the mechanism in the matrix on ECBM process. Mathematical model, which have been valid, is simulated in various variables, i.e. macroprosity (0.001, 0.005, and 0,01), pressure (1, 3, and 6 MPa), temperature (305, 423, and 573 K), and initial fraction of CO2 (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5). The results of this research show that preferential sequestration of CO2 and preferential recovery of CH4 in the surface of micropore on macroporosity 0.001, pressure 1 MPa, temperature 305 K, and inital fraction CO2 0,5 conditions are 0.9936 and 0.0064.Keywords: carbon capture and storage (CCS), coalbed methane (CBM), ECBM, diffusion, adsorption Abstrak Carbon capture and storage (CCS) dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu upaya mitigasi perubahan iklim, yaitu dengan menangkap CO2 dan menginjeksikannya ke dalam formasi bawah permukaan. Injeksi CO2 pada lapangan coalbed methane (CBM) berpotensi mengurangi emisi CO2 dan meningkatkan produksi CBM (ECBM). Pada proses injeksi CO2 di lapangan CBM, fenomena yang terjadi di dalam matriks lapisan batubara (coalbed) adalah difusi dan adsorpsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memahami fenomena difusi dan adsorpsi pada proses injeksi CO2 untuk ECBM melalui model matematika, dan memperkirakan potensi penyimpanan CO2 di dalam lapangan CBM dan potensi recovery CH4. Pada penelitian dilakukan pengembangan model matematika untuk menjelaskan fenomena di dalam matriks pada proses ECBM. Model matematika, yang telah valid, disimulasikan dengan memvariasikan beberapa variabel, yaitu makroporositas (0,001, 0,005, dan 0,01), tekanan (1, 3, dan 6 MPa), suhu (305, 423, dan 573 K), dan fraksi CO2 awal (0,05, 0,1, 0,3, dan 0,5). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada makroporositas 0,001, tekanan 1 Pa, suhu 305 K, dan fraksi CO2 awal 0,5, fraksi CO2 yang teradsorpsi pada permukaan mikropori bernilai 0,9936 dan sisa fraksi CH4 yang teradsorpsi pada permukaan mikropori bernilai 0,0064. Kata kunci: carbon capture and storage (CCS), coalbed methane (CBM), ECBM, difusi, adsorpsi","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"446 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116720995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Konversi katalitik n-butanol menjadi hidrokarbon Cr~C4 menggunakan katalis B2O3/zeolit alam","authors":"S. Setiadi, D. Dariyus","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"C2~C4 hydrocarbons are important petrochemical feedstocks for polymer, MTBE, alkylation reagent and LPG. Those hydrocarbons can be produced sustainable from n­butanol through the catalytically reaction which can be produced renewably through a fermentation process. The development of catalytically can be done by using natural zeolite by adding boron oxide (B203.   The combination of these two catalyst's substance is hoped to increase  the catalytic performance  in converting  n-butanol  to hydrocarbon  of C2~C4 .This research has studied that addition boron oxide in natural zeolite as much as 25% gave the highest conversion (82,9%) and yield of C2~C4 (14,7% at 400°C}. No peaks due to the boron oxide catalyst on the XRD spectrum and the high surface area of natural zeolite (343 m2/g) strongly suggest that the boron oxide was dispersed perfectly on the surface of natural zeolite and interacted strongly with zeolite's frame. The formation of a new active site for converting n-butanol to hydrocarbon C2~C4 is highly considered which is more active comparing to natural zeolite or boron oxide itself.Keyword : n-butanol, hydrocarbon C2~C4, boron oxide, catalytic conversionAbstrakHidrokarbon  C2~C4  merupakan  senyawa  yang  penting  da/am  industri  kimia petrokimia misalnya  bahan baku po/imer,  MTBE,  untuk  alki/asi, senyawa  isookatana maupun LPG. Sampai   saat   ini, sumber   utama senyawa   hidrokarbon   tersebut   berasal   dari   hasi/ pengolahan minyak  bumi. Karena  semakin  menispisnya  cadangan  minyak  dunia,  maka dimasa depan kebergantungan  hidrokarbon  C2~C4  ini pada pasokan  minyak harus segera dicarikan  alternatif sumber  lainnya yang  lebih terjaga kesinambungannya.  Penelitian ini bermaksud menyajikan bahwa hidrokarbon C2~C4 dapat dipero/eh dari senyawa organik n­ butanol melalui reaksi katalitik menggunakan kata/is zeolit a/am. Proses ini sangat penting karena reaktan n-butanol merupakan suatu senyawa yang renewable (dapat diperbaharui) dari proses fermentasi.  Zeolit alam dimodifikasi dengan penambahan boron oksida dengan berbagai kadar. Hasil yang dipero/eh bahwa boron oksida berkandungan 25% memberikan hasif yang paling baik, dengan konversi butnao/  82,9 % dan yield  C2~C4  14,7 %  dengan suhu reaksi  400  °C Namun,  karakterisasi XRD  tidak  menunjukkan puncak-puncak yang dimiliki oleh komponen boron oksida. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa boron oksida terdispersi secara sempurna pada permukaan zeo/it a/am (343 m2/g), berinteraksi secara kuat dengan frame kerangka  zeolit  dan terbentuknya spesi inti aktif baru hasil perpaduan  zeolit  alam maupun boron oksida yang lebih aktif da/am mengkonversi n-butanol menjadi C2~C4.Kata Kunci :n-butanol, hidrokarbon C2~C4, boron oksida, konversi katalitik","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115143073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sintesis penyangga katalis gamma alumina dari aluminium sulfat","authors":"Lintang Adi Pradana, Kemal Naser, T. W. Samadhi, I. Makertihartha","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2008.7.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2008.7.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrotreating is a processing step in petroleum refinery, whose purpose is to remove impurities in refining feedstock. The performance of a hydrotreater is determined by the catalyst used in the process. One of the commonly used materials for catalyst support is gamma alumina, which in Indonesia is still being imported. The objective of this research is to define the recipe (operating conditions and working procedures) for synthesizing commercial-quality gamma alumina powder, as indicated by crystal structure and specific surface area specifications. The synthesis method used in this research is based on the procedure patented by Rana (2004). Gamma alumina is synthesized via precipitation, using technical grade alum (aluminum sulfate) as alumina source, and urea, ammonium hydroxide, and ammonium carbonate as precipitating agents. Alumina hydrate calcination temperature is varied at 550, 650 and 750°C. Calcination time is varied at 5 and 10 hours. Optimum calcination condition is achieved at a temperature of 750 °C for 10 hours. From the main experiment, it has been identified that gamma alumina with the best crystal structure is obtained by using ammonium carbonate as precipitating agent. The highest specific surface area is obtained by using continuous heating and stirring, using urea precipitating agent.Keywords: hydrotreating, gamma alumina, precipitation AbstrakHydrotreating merupakan tahapan pengolahan minyak bumi untuk menghilangkan pengotor di dalamnya. Kinerjanya dipengaruhi oleh katalis yang digunakan. Salah satu komponen katalis adalah penyangga. Bahan yang umum digunakan sebagai penyangga katalis hydrotreating adalah gamma alumina. Gamma alumina yang digunakan di Indonesia masih diimpor. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan resep (kondisi operasi dan prosedur kerja) sintesis gamma alumina fasa serbuk dengan kualitas komersial, yang mencakup spesifikasi struktur kristal dan luas permukaan. Sintesis gamma alumina pada penelitian ini menggunakan prosedur yang dipatenkan oleh Rana). Metode yang dilakukan adalah presipitasi dengan bahan baku tawas dan presipitator berupa urea, amonium hidroksida, dan amonium karbonat. Temperatur kalsinasi divariasikan pada 550, 650, dan 750°C. Waktu kalsinasi divariasikan pada 5 dan 10 jam. Kondisi optimum dicapai pada temperature kalsinasi 750°C selama 10 jam. Dari percobaan inti didapatkan bahwa gamma alumina dengan struktur kristal terbaik diperoleh dari presipitator amonium karbonat. Gamma alumina dengan luas permukaan terbesar diperoleh dari metode pemanasan serta pengadukan kontinu menggunakan presipitator urea.Kata kunci: hydrotreating, gamma alumina, presipitasi","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129379477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermentasi etanol menggunakan bakteri Zymonas mobilis dari glukosa hasil hidrolisa enzimatik bagas","authors":"S. Saraswati","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The resources and reserves of oil which is a non renewable energy are very limited, while the oil consumption is increasing continuously. It is necessary to look for alternative energy. Etanol, a liquid energy, is a renewable alternative energy. Glucose can be used as raw material for etanol production. Glucose can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of bagasse which is a solid waste of sugar canefactory. The objective of this research was to get the optimum condition of etanol production using bagasse as raw material. The experimental research consisted of 2 steps. First step : enzymatic hydrolysis of bagasse with chemical pretreatment process, and the second step was fermentation process using Zymomonas mobilis bacteria. Variables of thefirst step were the NaOH concentration (5%, 7% and 9%) as a pretreatment agent, and cellulase enzyme used (30, 40 and 50 cellulase enzyme  units/gram bagasse). For the second step, the variables were glucose concentration (I2.5%, 15%, 20%, 22.5%, and 25%) and the fermentation time (20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40 and 48 hours). The experiment showed that the best result of the enzymatic hydrolysis could be obtained by NaOH 7% as chemical pretreatment agent and using 50 units of cellulase enzyme/gram bagasse. The cellulose conversion of bagasse was 87% within 42 hours period time. The highest etanol concentration of the fermentation process was 9.238% (weight %) and the yield was 0.4912 grams etanol/gram glucose. It was reached by using 22.5% glucose during 48 hours fermentation  time.Keywords: etanol; fermentation; Zymomonas mobilis; glucose; hydrolysis; cellulase enzyme; pretreatment;bagasse AbstrakCadangan minyak bumi yang merupakan non renewable energy (energi tak terbarukan) sangat terbatas, sedang konsumsinya terus meningkat.  Untuk itu perlu  dicari energi alternatif. Etanol merupakan salah satu energi cair alternatif yang terbarukan (renewable). Bahan baku etanol antara lain adalah glukosa. Glukosa dapat diperoleh dari hidrolisa enzimatik bagas yang merupakan limbah pabrik gula. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk  mendapatkan  kondisi yang  optimum  dari pembuatan  etanol  dengan  bahan baku bagas. Penelitian  experimental  meliputi  dua tahap.  Tahap I  : proses  hidrolisa  enzimatik  dari bagas dengan perlakuan pendahuluan  (pretreatment), dan tahap II adalah proses fermentasi  dengan bakteri Zymomonas  mobilis.  Variabel pada  tahap I  adalah  konsentrasi  NaOH  sebagai  pretreatment   agent sebesar 5%, 7% dan 9% serta pemakaian enzim selulase : 30, 40 dan 50 unit enzim selulase/gram bagas. Variabel untuk tahap II  adalah konsentrasi glukosa:  12.5%,  15%, 20%, 22.5%  dan 25% dan waktu fermentasi  20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40  dan 48 jam.  Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa  untuk  hidrolisa enzimatik hasil yang terbaik diperoleh dengan NaOH 7% dan 50 unit enzim selulase/gram bagas dengan konversi selulosa 87% dan waktu 42 jam. Untuk fermentasi kadar etanol tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi glukosa 22.5% yaitu sebe","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"182 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124594587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dehidrasi N-Butanol menjadi senyawa butena pada katalis molecular sieve 13X dalam reaktor unggun tetap","authors":"M. Gunawan, H. Susanto","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2007.6.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"One of the ways of producing butene compounds without relying on non-renewable resources involves the dehydration of n-butanol with the aid of acid catalysts. The dehydration of n­ butanol on molecular sieve 13 X catalyst has been undertaken in afvced bed, vertical glass pipe isothermal reactor. Reaction temperatures were varied between 300-450 °C. Reaction products were analyzed using a Gas Chromatograph (GC). The n-butanol dehydration was observed to have a reaction order of 1.95 with respect to n-butanol partial pressure, with an activation energy of 89.4 kJ/mol and an Arrhenius constant of 7.99 x 106 .To determine the effect of operating parameters (feed temperature, n-butanol flowrate, n-butanol to nitrogen feed ratio, and catalyst particle diameter), a simulation was undertaken based on the fvced bed, non­ adiabatic and non-isothermal reactor model. The reactor model used in the simulation was a 2- dimensional heterogeneous reactor. The validated model coefficient of correlation against the experimental data was very good, namely 0.98. Simulation results indicate that the increase in n-butanol concentration and feed temperature increase the conversion. Increase in catalyst particle diameter and feed flowrate decrease the conversion. The dehydration of n-butanol to butene is a mildly exothermic reaction. Therefore, to maintain an isothermal reaction condition, the reactor wall temperature may not exceed 10 °C below the feed temperature.Keywords: n-butanol dehydration, molecular sieve 13 X, simulation, fixed bed, kineticAbstrakSalah satu cara untuk mendapatkan senyawa butena tanpa mengandalkan sumber daya tak terbarukan adalah melalui dehidrasi n-butanol dengan bantuan katalis asam. Dehidrasi  n­ butanol pada katalis molecular sieve 13 X dilakukan di dalam reaktor unggun tetap terbuat dari pipa gelas tegak secara isotermal. Temperatur reaksi divariasikan antara 300 - 450\" C. Komposisi produk dianalisa menggunakan Gas Chromatograph (GC). Dehidrasi n-butanol ini berorde 1,95 terhadap tekanan parsial n-butanol dengan nilai energi aktivasi 89,4 kJ/mol dan tetapan Arrhenius 7,99 x 106• Untuk mempelajari pengaruh  parameter  operasi  (temperatur umpan, laju alir n-butanol, rasio umpan n-butanol terhadap nitrogen, dan  diameter partikel katalis) terhadap konversi reaksi, distribusi produk, dan profil temperatur di sepanjang reaktor dilakukan simulasi dalam reaktor unggun tetap non adiabatik non isotermal berdasarkan data percobaan yang telah diperoleh. Model reaktor yang digunakan adalah model heterogen dua dimensi. Nilai koefisien korelasi model yang divalidasi dengan  data percobaan  menunjukkan harga yang baik yaitu 0,98. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi n­ butanol atau temperatur umpan meningkatkan konversi. Peningkatan diameter partikel katalis atau peningkatan laju alir umpan, akan menurunkan konversi reaksi. Reaksi dehidrasi  n­ butanol menjadi senyawa buten merupakan reaksi yang sedikit eksoterm,  oleh karena itu untu","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116020214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Produksi kultur rendam jamur Aspergillus niger dan Aspergillus oryzae ITBCCL sebagai sumber enzim untuk produksi bioetanol dari singkong","authors":"Siti Maemunah, S AchmadAli","doi":"10.5614/jtki.2006.5.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2006.5.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Bio ethanol is a very attractive fuel source for communities or even countries that wish to be self-sustainable and not reliant on foreign resources. A variety of feedstock materials may be used to produce ethanol, such as glucose or starchy material (cassava, corn, etc.), by preparing it with a hydrolysis pre-treatment to form glucose. The enzymatic hydrolysis of starch requires at least two different enzymes such as α-amylase for liquefaction process and maltase for saccharification process. The main objective of this research is to produce sub-merged culture enzyme from Aspergillus sp that contained α-amylase and maltase enzymes in sufficient quantity to convert starch which is contained in cassava powder to form glucose. Aspergillus niger CCL 74 ITB and Aspergillus oryzae CCL ITB were cultivated in sub-merged culture. The main raw material of the medium had been varied between vinase from molasse and cake from peanut. Sub-merged culture from Aspergillus niger CCL74 ITB in the vinase medium gave higher a-amylase and maltase activities, compare to sub­ merged culture from A. oryzae CCL ITB. Using vinase from molasse gave higher enzymes yield than using medium from peanut cake.Keywords: α-amylase and Maltase, Sub-merged culture of Aspergillus niger. Aspergillus oryzae AbstrakBahan bakar hayati seperti bioetanol merupakan bahan bakar ramah lingkungan yang potensial dalam mengurangi impor BBM Indonesia. Rute utama pembuatan bioetanol adalah viafermentasi bahan berkarbohidrat. Bahan berkarbohidrat yang potensial dikembangkan di Indonesia dalam produksi bioetanol adalah singkong. Proses konversi pati dalam singkong menjadi etanol biasanya dilakukan melalui proses enzimatik yaitu proses likuefaksi oleh enzim α-amilase, proses sakarifikasi oleh enzim maltase dan fermentasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan kultur jamur Aspergillus sp. yang menghasilkan enzim α-amilase dan maltase dalam kuantitas memadai yang akan digunakan sebagai sumber enzim penghidrolisis pati dalam singkong. Jenis jamur yang digunakan Aspergillus niger CCL 74 ITB dan Aspergillus oryzae CCL ITB. Bahan baku utama medium divariasikan antara vinase dan bungkil kacang tanah. Kultur Aspergillus niger CCL74 ITB memberikan aktivitas a-amilase dan maltase yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kultur Aspergillus oryzae CCL ITB. Penggunaan vinase memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan medium bungkil kacang tanah dalam produksi kedua enzim.Kata Kunci: Enzim α-amilase, Glukoamilase, Aspergillus niger.  Aspergillus oryzae","PeriodicalId":138501,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126579618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}