{"title":"On A-Sheffer strokes: A new class of cone-monotone functions and their ordinal sum constructions","authors":"Yan Zou , Feng Qin , Ting-hai Zhang , Jian-Jun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, Baczyński et al. introduced an axiomatic framework for fuzzy Sheffer strokes within the realm of fuzzy logic. Building on this foundation, Zhao and Liu extended this concept to the context of directionally monotone functions. In this paper, we propose a novel class of cone-monotone functions, referred to as the <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span>-Sheffer stroke, by generalizing the monotonicity condition from fuzzy Sheffer strokes to cone monotonicity. We then systematically investigate their fundamental properties and explore their connections with both fuzzy Sheffer strokes and <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>→</mo></mrow></mover></math></span>-Sheffer strokes. Moreover, we present a method to construct <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span>-Sheffer strokes using <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span>-conjunctions and fuzzy negations, along with a characterization of <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span>-constant Sheffer strokes. In addition, we propose splicing construction techniques applicable to both <span><math><mover><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>→</mo></mrow></mover></math></span>-Sheffer strokes and <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span>-Sheffer strokes. Finally, an ordinal sum construction method for <span><math><mi>A</mi></math></span>-Sheffer stroke operators is presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 109583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel three-way based self-adaptive filtering model for sentiment analysis","authors":"Zhihui Zhang, Dun Liu, Rongping Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the era of social media and diverse communication platforms, understanding human emotion across various modalities has become a crucial challenge. While significant progress has been made in feature extraction and interaction techniques, several unresolved issues persist, particularly concerning the balance between these two aspects. A central question is whether all extracted features are of equal importance, or if some may contain redundant or noisy information that undermines effective modality interaction. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Three-Way Decision-Based Self-Adaptive Filtering Model (TWSAFM). Inspired by the three-way decision (TWD) theory, we introduce a self-adaptive filtering module that categorizes extracted modal features into three distinct domains: acceptable, rejectable, and reconsidering. This classification allows for separate processing of features, enabling the model to prioritize essential information while minimizing the impact of redundant and noisy data. Experimental validation on three benchmark datasets demonstrates that TWSAFM outperforms state-of-the-art methods in sentiment analysis tasks. Furthermore, training studies and parameter sensitivity analysis underscore the effectiveness of TWSAFM in efficiently filtering out irrelevant and noisy features, highlighting its robust contribution to enhancing feature interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 109536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ziling Ma, Ángel López-Oriona, Hernando Ombao, Ying Sun
{"title":"FCPCA: Fuzzy clustering of high-dimensional time series based on common principal component analysis","authors":"Ziling Ma, Ángel López-Oriona, Hernando Ombao, Ying Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clustering multivariate time series data is a crucial task in many domains, as it enables the identification of meaningful patterns and groups in time-evolving data. Traditional approaches, such as crisp clustering, rely on the assumption that clusters are sufficiently separated with little overlap. However, real-world data often defy this assumption, showing overlapping distributions or overlapping clouds of points and blurred boundaries between clusters. Fuzzy clustering offers a compelling alternative by allowing partial membership in multiple clusters, making it well-suited for these ambiguous scenarios. Despite its advantages, current fuzzy clustering methods primarily focus on univariate time series, and for multivariate cases, even datasets of moderate dimensionality become computationally prohibitive. This challenge is further exacerbated when dealing with time series of varying lengths, leaving a clear gap in addressing the complexities of modern datasets. This work introduces a novel fuzzy clustering approach based on common principal component analysis to address the aforementioned shortcomings. Our method has the advantage of efficiently handling high-dimensional multivariate time series by reducing dimensionality while preserving critical temporal features. Extensive numerical results show that our proposed clustering method outperforms several existing approaches in the literature. An interesting application involving brain signals from different drivers recorded from a simulated driving experiment illustrates the potential of the approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 109552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea Cinfrignini , Silvia Lorenzini , Davide Petturiti
{"title":"A two-player newsvendor game with competition on demand under ambiguity","authors":"Andrea Cinfrignini , Silvia Lorenzini , Davide Petturiti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We deal with a single period two-player newsvendor game where both newsvendors are assumed to be rational and risk-neutral, and to operate under ambiguity. Each newsvendor needs to choose his/her order quantity of the same perishable product, whose global market demand is modeled by a discrete random variable, endowed with a reference probability measure. Furthermore, the global market demand is distributed to newsvendors according to a proportional allocation rule. We model the uncertainty faced by each newsvendor with an individual <em>ϵ</em>-contamination of the reference probability measure, computed with respect to a suitable class of probability measures. The resulting <em>ϵ</em>-contamination model preserves the expected demand under the reference probability and is used to compute the individual lower expected profit as a Choquet expectation. Therefore, the optimization problem of each player reduces to settle the order quantity that maximizes his/her lower expected profit, given the opponent choice, which is a maximin problem. In the resulting game, we prove that a Nash equilibrium always exists, though it may not be unique. Finally, we provide a characterization of Nash equilibria in terms of best response functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 109546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inner and outer approximation of the image of a set by a nonlinear function","authors":"Maël Godard , Luc Jaulin , Damien Massé","doi":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an original method to compute an inner and an outer approximation of the image <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> of a subset <span><math><mi>X</mi></math></span> of <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> (<em>e.g.</em>, <span><math><mi>X</mi></math></span> is the unit ball) by a smooth nonlinear function <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>:</mo><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup><mo>→</mo><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow></msup></math></span>. A boundary approach is proposed. More precisely, the boundary <span><math><mo>∂</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> will be covered by parallelepipeds in order to get an accurate enclosure of <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>X</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 109574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of semantic behavior in probabilistic argumentation","authors":"Zhaoqun Li, Beishui Liao, Chen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probabilistic Argumentation Frameworks (PAFs) extend Abstract Argumentation Frameworks (AAFs) by incorporating probabilistic measures to evaluate argument acceptability. While acceptability evaluations are determined by semantics in both AAFs and PAFs, some key properties underlying semantic behavior in PAFs remain underexplored. This paper systematically investigates directionality, skepticism adequacy, and dynamic monotony in PAFs, establishing their satisfiability across classical semantics. Importantly, we demonstrate that under any semantics, the satisfiability of directionality and skepticism adequacy from the perspective of individual argument acceptability is equivalent between AAFs and PAFs. Besides, for dynamics, we characterize how argument acceptabilities change with structural changes in PAFs, affected by the parity of attack paths. These theoretical insights advance the understanding of argumentation semantics under uncertainty, thereby providing guidance for adapting semantics in probabilistic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 109551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sofiane Daimellah , Sylvie Le Hégarat-Mascle , Clotilde Boust
{"title":"Domain-informed and neural-optimized belief assignments: A framework applied to cultural heritage","authors":"Sofiane Daimellah , Sylvie Le Hégarat-Mascle , Clotilde Boust","doi":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying pigments in Cultural Heritage artifacts is key to uncovering their origin and guiding conservation strategies. Although recent advances in non-invasive imaging have enabled the collection of rich multimodal data, existing methods often fall short in dealing with uncertain, ambiguous, or noisy information. This paper introduces a versatile fusion framework grounded in Belief Function Theory, combining domain-informed evidence modeling with neural optimization. Specifically, we propose a general strategy for assigning mass functions by leveraging expert knowledge encoded in parametric Evidence Mapping Functions, which are further refined through task-specific training using constrained neural networks. When applied to pigment classification, our method demonstrates robustness against source variability and class ambiguity. Experiments conducted on both synthetic and mock-up datasets validate its effectiveness and suggest promising potential for broader applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 109534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144773032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unimodular triangulations in Łukasiewicz logic: Complexity bounds of probabilistic coherence","authors":"Tommaso Flaminio , Serafina Lapenta , Sebastiano Napolitano","doi":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A proof for the NP-containment for the probabilistic coherence problem over events represented by formulas of the infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic was proposed in <span><span>[1]</span></span>. The geometric and combinatorial argument to prove that complexity bound contains a mistake that is fixed in the present paper. Actually we present two ways to restore that imprecise claim and, by doing so, we show that the main result of that paper is indeed valid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 109565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruili Guo , Qinghua Zhang , Yunlong Cheng , Ying Yang , Hang Zhong
{"title":"Optimal scale combination selection based on a monotonic variable precision multi-scale rough set model","authors":"Ruili Guo , Qinghua Zhang , Yunlong Cheng , Ying Yang , Hang Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most existing generalized multi-scale rough set models (GMRSMs) are based on Pawlak's rough set, which lacks fault tolerance and thus limits their generalization ability. To improve generalization, the variable precision generalized multi-scale rough set model (VPGMRSM) was proposed. However, this model disrupts the monotonicity of the positive region, posing challenges for optimal scale combination (OSC) selection. To address these issues, a monotonic VPGMRSM is proposed in this paper through a two-stage approximation process. The proposed model preserves the monotonicity of the GMRSM and the fault tolerance of the VPGMRSM, and is further applied to OSC selection. First, the non-monotonicity of the positive region in the original VPGMRSM is analyzed. Then, a monotonic VPGMRSM is proposed, whose information measurements are proven to satisfy the monotonicity lacking in the original model. Second, an extended definition of OSC is proposed based on the positive region in the new model, which significantly simplifies and improves the efficiency of the OSC selection process. Third, two OSC selection algorithms are proposed: one based on binary search to find a single OSC, and the other based on three-way decision theory to identify all OSCs. Finally, the experimental results validate the monotonicity of the positive region in the new model and demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are not only suitable for VPGMRSMs, but also effectively reduce the computation time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 109569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flexible categorization using formal concept analysis and Dempster-Shafer theory","authors":"Marcel Boersma , Krishna Manoorkar , Alessandra Palmigiano , Mattia Panettiere , Apostolos Tzimoulis , Nachoem Wijnberg","doi":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijar.2025.109548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the intuitive idea that sets of objects or entities can be categorized in very different ways, and that some ways to categorise objects are better than others, depending on the purpose of the categorization, in this paper, a formal framework is introduced for parametrically generating a space of possible categorizations of a set of objects, based on the features which individual agents or groups thereof regard as relevant (formally encoded in the notion of <em>interrogative agenda</em>). This formal framework accounts both for two-valued (crisp), and for many-valued (fuzzy) judgments about the relevance of given features, and introduces ways to aggregate individual agendas to group agendas. As an application on this framework, we discuss a machine-learning meta-algorithm for outlier detection and classification which provides local and global explanations of its results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13842,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 109548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}