International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Comparative effectiveness of potassium-competitive acid blockers and proton pump inhibitors in dual antiplatelet therapy patients: a nationwide cohort study.","authors":"Yu Jeong Lee, Nam Kyung Je","doi":"10.1007/s11096-025-01895-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-025-01895-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used in combination with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding; however, some PPIs may interfere with clopidogrel metabolism through CYP2C19 inhibition. Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) have emerged as alternatives to PPIs, although their effectiveness in patients receiving DAPT have not been sufficiently explored.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of PPIs and P-CABs in preventing cardiovascular events and gastrointestinal bleeding among patients receiving DAPT after coronary stent implantation.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective cohort design was employed using nationwide claim data from South Korea. The study included patients who received aspirin-clopidogrel DAPT with PPI or P-CAB for a minimum of 60 days. After applying propensity score matching (PSM) at a 1:1 ratio, survival analysis was conducted. The primary outcome was a composite of acute myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, revascularization, and in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes involved the individual components of the composite outcome and gastrointestinal bleeding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial cohort included 39,234 patients in the PPI group and 3,434 in the P-CAB group. After 1:1 PSM, 3,434 patients were included in each group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the PPI and P-CAB groups for the primary outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-1.07; p = 0.167) and gastrointestinal bleeding (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.76-2.42; p = 0.3).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both PPIs and P-CABs appear to be viable options for acid suppression in patients undergoing DAPT, with no significant differences in cardiovascular or gastrointestinal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13828,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing tacrolimus dosage in post-renal transplantation using DoseOptimal framework: profiling CYP3A5 genetic variants for interpretability.","authors":"Chintal Upendra Raval, Ashwin Makwana, Samir Patel, Rashmi Hemani, Sachchida Nand Pandey","doi":"10.1007/s11096-025-01899-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-025-01899-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Achieving optimal tacrolimus dosing is vital for effectively balancing therapeutic efficacy and safety, as CYP3A5 genetic variants and inter-patient variability emphasize the need for precision strategies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to optimize tacrolimus dosage prediction for renal transplant recipients by incorporating genetic polymorphisms, specifically profiling CYP3A5 genetic variants, within the DoseOptimal framework to enhance interpretability and accuracy of dosing decisions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The dataset comprised clinical, demographic, and CYP3A5 genetic variants information from 1045 stable tacrolimus-treated patients. The DoseOptimal framework was developed by integrating the strengths of the most effective algorithms from fifteen machine learning models. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and decision tree insights were incorporated to enhance the framework's interpretability. The framework's performance was assessed using mean absolute error (MAE) and the coefficient of determination (R² score). The F-statistic and p value were calculated to validate the framework's statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The DoseOptimal framework demonstrated robust performance with an R² score of 0.884 in the training set and 0.830 in the testing set. The MAE was 0.40 mg/day (95% CI 0.38-0.43) in the training set and 0.41 mg/day (95% CI 0.38-0.45) in the testing set. The framework predicted the ideal tacrolimus dosage in 87.6% (n = 275) of the test cohort, with 3.2% (n = 10) underestimation and 9.2% (n = 29) overestimation. The framework's statistical significance was confirmed with an F-statistic of 266.095 and a p value < 0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The framework provides precision medicine-based dosing solutions tailored to individual genetic profiles, minimizing dosing errors and enhancing patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13828,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective of older people on which medicines they need to report to healthcare professionals as part of a medicines history: a qualitative descriptive study.","authors":"Emily Griffin, Kenneth Lee, Christopher Etherton-Beer, Joon Soo Park, Amy Page","doi":"10.1007/s11096-025-01890-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-025-01890-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The medicines that older people consider relevant as part of their medicine regime may be reflected in their reporting of medicines to healthcare professionals during a medicine history.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to understand the perspectives of people, aged 65 or older, on which medicine(s) they reported as part of their medicine regimen.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A qualitative descriptive study was conducted in Australia using semi-structured interviews to investigate the perspectives of which medicines were reported in a medicines history by people aged 65 years or older, taking at least one medicine. Participants were recruited until data saturation was reached. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed using the Framework Method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six main themes emerged from sixteen participants: reporting medicines that solved a medical condition, medicines recommended by healthcare professionals, regular medicines, route of administration, combination products, and multiple tablets, doses, or part doses. Participants' beliefs and experiences impacted whether they included a medicine in their regimen. Participants inconsistently reported infrequent medicines, varying formulations, and multiple doses. Non-oral and over-the-counter medicines were commonly included if a healthcare professional recommended them. In contrast, supplements were seldom included.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the variation between participants' perspectives in reporting medicines, suggesting that older people's self-reporting of medicines is generally inconsistent. Our findings encourage clinicians to specifically enquire about medicines for acute health conditions, medicines commonly not prescribed by healthcare professionals, irregular medicines, and non-oral medicines to improve reporting by older people, to obtain the Best Possible Medication History.</p>","PeriodicalId":13828,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-benefit analysis of pharmacist early active consultation in patients with multidrug-resistant bacteria in China.","authors":"Xuefeng Shan, Xiaoying Zheng, Hongmei Wang, Lingxi Kong, Youlan Shan, Jie Dong, Jinghui Gou, Guili Huang, Xin Xi, Qian Du","doi":"10.1007/s11096-025-01889-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-025-01889-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although Pharmacist Early Active Consultation (PEAC) has demonstrated clinical benefits in patients with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), its cost-effectiveness in China remains insufficiently studied.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of PEAC in patients with MDROs from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A historically controlled study was conducted on 100 MDRO-infected patients, including 37 who received PEAC and 63 who did not. The effective treatment rate and duration of the symptoms were assessed. A decision tree model was developed using model inputs derived from the study. The primary endpoints included incremental cost per MDRO treatment and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Uncertainty was evaluated using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The effective treatment rate increased to 89.1% in the PEAC group compared with 62.1% in the no-consultation group. Patients in the PEAC group experienced a 2.1-day shorter duration of symptoms than those without consultation (15.5 days vs. 17.6 days, P = 0.04). The base case analysis estimated that the PEAC group gained 0.189 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at a cost of $18,209.7, while the no-consultation group gained 0.177 QALYs at a cost of $23,831.1. The PEAC group was more cost-effective, yielding an ICER of - $475,499.0 per QALY gained. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that PEAC was cost-effective in 60.1% of cases, with costs remaining below the willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold, supporting PEAC as a cost-effective strategy for managing MDRO infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacist Early Active Consultation was a more cost-effective strategy than no consultation for treating MDRO infections in patients in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":13828,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a machine learning-based predictive model for the analgesic effectiveness of transdermal fentanyl in cancer patients: an interpretable approach.","authors":"Xiaogang Hu, Ya Chen, Yuelu Tang, Xiaoxiao Wang, Lixian Li, Chao Li, Wanyi Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11096-024-01860-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-024-01860-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer-related pain is a common and distressing symptom in patients with malignant tumors, significantly affecting quality of life. Transdermal fentanyl is a convenient opioid option for patients with intestinal obstruction or difficulty swallowing; however, some patients do not experience adequate pain relief. Predicting transdermal fentanyl analgesic effectiveness is crucial to optimize pain management.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to develop a predictive model for transdermal fentanyl effectiveness in cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Clinical data from adult cancer pain patients at Chongqing University Cancer Hospital were analyzed (January 2020-December 2022). Logistic regression and feature selection were applied, followed by developing nine predictive models using Logistic Regression, Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, the Youden index, and the Brier score were used to evaluate the performance of the model. Cross-validation and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis were used for validation and feature interpretation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 151 patients, 27.2% reported ineffectiveness of transdermal fentanyl. Logistic regression identified key factors of NRS, transdermal fentanyl dosage, BMI², and ALT. Among the nine models, RF Model 8 exhibited the best performance, achieving a ROC-AUC of 0.984 (95% CI: [0.968, 0.999]). This performance was further validated by the confusion matrix metrics and visualization results. The SHAP analysis highlighted lower doses, NRS, and ALT as predictors of transdermal fentanyl ineffectiveness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Random Forest model offers a valuable tool for predicting the effectiveness of transdermal fentanyl in cancer pain patients, supporting the refined assessment and management of pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":13828,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Perioperative esketamine combined with butorphanol versus butorphanol alone for pain management following video-assisted lobectomy: a randomized controlled trial\".","authors":"Jun-Dan Jiang, Dan-Feng Wang, Fu-Shan Xue","doi":"10.1007/s11096-025-01897-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-025-01897-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13828,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving medication adherence in the community: a purposive umbrella review of effective patient-directed interventions that are readily implementable in the United Kingdom National Health Service.","authors":"Adam J Mackridge, Eifiona M Wood, Dyfrig A Hughes","doi":"10.1007/s11096-025-01885-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-025-01885-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Suboptimal medication adherence is a major determinant of treatment outcome. Between a third and a half of prescribed medicines for long-term conditions are not taken as intended, the reasons for which are numerous and multifaceted. Improving medication adherence should optimise therapeutic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To identify effective and readily implementable patient-focused interventions for improving medicines adherence that can inform best practice to improve health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE were searched on 11 May 2022 for publications added since 11 January 2013, along with citation searches linked to Nieuwlaat's 2014 Cochrane review. An umbrella review was undertaken of meta-analyses and systematic reviews of empirical research to identify and describe interventions that improve medication adherence. Effective interventions were assessed for their implementation potential.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strategies to improve medication adherence follow common themes. Fifteen reviews and meta-analyses were identified, and interventions were grouped into eight types. These included using pharmacists to provide interventions; providing face to face interventions; using combination formulations; providing reminders and prompting mechanisms; giving feedback on individual adherence rates; promoting positive habits; using strategies to enhance self-management and positive behaviours; and using interventions in parallel.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are several readily implementable intervention approaches with demonstrable effectiveness based on systematic review or meta-analysis evidence. However, owing to the diverse evidence base in this field, and the significant risk of bias in many studies, further work is needed to understand the comparative value of different interventions and their impact on patient-oriented outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13828,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Australian pharmacists' experiences with the electronic National Residential Medication Chart: a qualitative descriptive study.","authors":"Jonathan Tan, Jasmine Tan, Leanna de Souza, Qianying Wang, Alexander Wong, Jarrod Mcmaugh, Kenneth Lee, Amy Page","doi":"10.1007/s11096-025-01894-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-025-01894-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Australia, the electronic National Residential Medication Chart (eNRMC) aims to enhance medication safety, reduce administrative burden, and communication in aged care facilities. However, research on its implementation is limited, with minimal pharmacist involvement, despite their critical role in medication management. It is essential to address the underrepresentation to optimise their experience with the eNRMC.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore the experiences of pharmacists who have used the (eNRMC) while providing care to residential aged care facilities.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A qualitative descriptive study design was employed, with thematic analysis conducted using The Framework Method. Pharmacists with experience using the eNRMC were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling and were invited to participate in semi-structured individual interviews in August 2024. Interviews were audio-visually recorded, transcribed using clean verbatim and analysed with NVivo software. An inductive coding approach was used to generate themes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve participants across Australia with varying levels of experience consented and completed semi-structured interviews. Three main themes were identified: (1) Improvements in Medication Management, (2) Limitations of the eNRMC Software, and (3) the Facility's Transition to eNRMC Software. Pharmacists reported enhanced medication safety, workflow, and communication. However, eNRMC incompatibilities, restricted editing and increased workloads were challenges during implementation. Additionally inadequate training and resistance from general practitioners contributed to charting errors and medication incidents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacists from various roles described the eNRMC as beneficial for enhancing medication management, but software limitations and lack of support remain barriers that increased frustrations amongst users and impede adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":13828,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opinions of visually impaired adults on the care provided at community pharmacies: a qualitative interview study.","authors":"Ellen Roche Ryan, Harriet Bennett-Lenane","doi":"10.1007/s11096-025-01888-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-025-01888-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adults who are Visually Impaired (VI) often experience challenges in taking medications and interacting with healthcare settings.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aims of this study were to (1) explore the opinions of VI adults regarding care provided at community pharmacies in Ireland and (2) identify patient recommendations for improved care.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Semi-structured interviews were conducted using a topic guide via telephone or videoconference with VI adults who visit community pharmacies in Ireland. Interviewees were recruited on a voluntary basis using a mix of purposive, convenience and snowball sampling. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and carried out until theoretical data saturation. The Braun and Clarke approach was used for thematic data analysis using NVivo software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four major themes emerged from eighteen interviews. These were staff awareness, medicines information accessibility, physical inaccessibility and positive supports. Interviewees identified how open communication and close professional relationships between staff and VI adults could be influential in overcoming a perceived lack of independence and privacy currently experienced. Need for staff awareness training, improved provision of medicines information, improved physical accessibility of pharmacy layouts and use of mobile application as assistive technologies were also recommended.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first qualitative exploration of care provided to VI adults by community pharmacies in Ireland. Based on personal experiences, interviewees recommended mostly minor adjustments to pharmacy practice to increase accessibility and help provide improved care for this cohort when visiting a pharmacy. This work represents a springboard for future research involving bespoke interventions and tailored guidance for pharmacy teams.</p>","PeriodicalId":13828,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining histamine H2 receptor antagonist response in critically ill patients with heart failure: a machine learning cluster analysis.","authors":"Li-Juan Yang, Fang Yu, Yu Chen, Xin Zhang, Sun-Jun Yin, Ping Wang, Meng-Han Jiang, Hai-Ying Yang, Jia-De Zhu, Ran Xu, Wen-Ke Cai, Gong-Hao He","doi":"10.1007/s11096-025-01892-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11096-025-01892-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent studies showed histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) exposure was associated with reduced mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. However, specific HF patients who are sensitive to H2RAs exposure or not are yet to be further defined.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to identify HF patient characteristics that may benefit from H2RAs exposure.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Neural network-based variational autoencoders and Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering methods were employed to classify the critically ill patients with HF exposed to H2RAs based on Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III and IV databases. Binary logistic and multivariable Cox regression analysis based on propensity score matching (PSM) were employed to estimate the association between H2RAs exposure of each cluster and all-cause mortality of included patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 9,585 H2RAs users among 23,855 included HF patients were identified into four clusters according to GMM clustering: cluster 1 (combined with acute kidney failure, septic shock, and pneumonia), cluster 2 (combined with atrial fibrillation), cluster 3 (combined with coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or had higher urine output), and cluster 4 (co-administered with calcium-antagonists). The cluster 3 patients were significantly associated with reduced all-cause mortality compared with non-H2RAs users after PSM, which were further validated in 14,280 HF patients from the large multi-center electronic intensive care unit Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Histamine H2 receptor antagonist exposure was more sensitive in HF patients who were combined with CAD. Furthermore, male HF patients or those with higher urine output were also sensitive to H2RAs exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":13828,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}