International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology最新文献_第6页

Cholesterol detection, diagnosis and evaluation. 胆固醇检测、诊断及评价。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-07-01

V Ranade

{"title":"Cholesterol detection, diagnosis and evaluation.","authors":"V Ranade","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Children with parents who have premature cardiovascular disease often have high serum cholesterol levels. In order to prevent the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries, efforts are called for identifying, treating and monitoring individual children and adolescents who have high serum cholesterol levels. The screening of children should be performed in the context of their continuing health care and particularly, adolescents who smoke cigarettes, have high blood pressure, or consume excessive amounts of saturated fatty acids, total fat and cholesterol and who are overweight should be subjected to cholesterol testing. On the basis of the data presented in this article, it will be prudent to test high serum cholesterol in all young people whose parents have a total serum cholesterol exceeding 240 mg/dl. A total serum cholesterol level of equal to or greater than 200 mg/dl or an LDL cholesterol level of equal to or greater than 130 mg/dl when associated with family history or parental hypercholesterolemia warrants further evaluation. Children and adolescents with high LDL cholesterol levels that are equal to or greater than 130 mg/dl should be considered to be possible secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia and therefore continuous monitoring and clinical evaluation of this population may be necessary. Other factors such as familial hyperlipidemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, diabetes and high alcohol intake also need careful assessment.","PeriodicalId":13817,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology","volume":"31 7","pages":"313-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19356570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical evaluation of the effect of omeprazole, cimetidine, famotidine and ranitidine on histamine induced cutaneous wheal and flare response. 奥美拉唑、西咪替丁、法莫替丁和雷尼替丁对组胺致皮肤轮状和耀斑反应的临床评价。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-07-01

N Saha, A Sachdev, D K Bhasin, A Sankaranahyanan, P P Khosla, K Singh, P L Sharma

引用次数: 0

Phase I/II study of pentoxifylline with zidovudine on HIV-1 growth in AIDS patients. 己酮茶碱联合齐多夫定对艾滋病患者HIV-1生长的I/II期研究

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-07-01

D R Luke, B J McCreedy, T P Sarnoski, J B Bookout, A M Johnston, J E Lell, E B Wiggan, N Bell, R A Limjuco, K I Guthrie

{"title":"Phase I/II study of pentoxifylline with zidovudine on HIV-1 growth in AIDS patients.","authors":"D R Luke, B J McCreedy, T P Sarnoski, J B Bookout, A M Johnston, J E Lell, E B Wiggan, N Bell, R A Limjuco, K I Guthrie","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), a potential regulator of HIV-1 replication, is involved in the progression of AIDS and associated disorders such as muscle wasting, fever and gastrointestinal problems. HIV-seropositive patients were assigned to receive zidovudine (ZDV; 100 mg 4-5 times/d) alone (n = 14), pentoxifylline (PTX; 400 mg every 8 h), a drug known to block TNF alpha release (n = 7), or PTX and ZDV (n = 11) for 12 weeks in a prospective, open-label study. Weekly compliance checks and biweekly blood and 24-h urine samples were obtained for immunological assessments. Baseline TNF alpha levels were elevated in all study patients, independent of disease stage. There were no appreciable differences in immunologic variables (CD4 counts, total and unbound p24 antigen, TNF alpha, beta 2-microglobulin, and urinary neopterin levels) between groups. The mean HIV-1 viral load, as measured by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique, was 1.9-fold above baseline values after 12 weeks of ZDV and PTX compared with 8- to 9-fold greater levels in patients given either agent alone (p < 0.05). TNF alpha levels correlated with viral load (r = 0.67; p < 0.0001) in patients given the combined drug regimen. Virological evidence of lack of progression in AIDS patients suggests the beneficial use of ZDV and PTX in delaying progressive HIV-1 disease compared with each drug alone.","PeriodicalId":13817,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology","volume":"31 7","pages":"343-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19356573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of evening versus morning benazepril on 24-hour blood pressure: a comparative study with continuous intraarterial monitoring. 晚上与早晨服用苯那普利对24小时血压的影响:一项连续动脉内监测的比较研究。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-06-01

P Palatini, L Mos, M Motolese, P Mormino, M Del Torre, L Varotto, E Pavan, A C Pessina

{"title":"Effect of evening versus morning benazepril on 24-hour blood pressure: a comparative study with continuous intraarterial monitoring.","authors":"P Palatini, L Mos, M Motolese, P Mormino, M Del Torre, L Varotto, E Pavan, A C Pessina","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"In a single-blind, in-patient, crossover study, the influence on the circadian blood pressure (BP) profile of the 9:00 a.m. versus the 9:00 p.m. acute administration of a single dose of benazepril 10 mg, a new angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, was assessed in 10 hypertensive patients by means of 24-hour intraarterial ambulatory BP monitoring. Mean 24-hour BP for the three treatments (placebo, benazepril a.m., benazepril p.m.) were 155/93, 131/83 and 138/86 mmHg, respectively. No significant differences between the two benazepril schedules were found in terms of either 24-hour or day-time and night-time mean BP values. However, hourly averages showed that benazepril a.m. had a more sustained antihypertensive effect than benazepril p.m., where a loss of efficacy was observed 19 hours after the administration. BP responses to static and dynamic exercise and to cold pressor test were unchanged after both benazepril schedules, as were BP peaks. These results demonstrate that acute benazepril administration markedly reduces systolic and diastolic BP. The morning administration is preferable because it more effectively covers the whole 24 hours than an evening dose.","PeriodicalId":13817,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology","volume":"31 6","pages":"295-300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19321740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treatment of urinary tract infections with ciprofloxacin after renal transplantation. 环丙沙星治疗肾移植术后尿路感染。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-06-01

D Grekas, V Thanos, C Dioudis, P Alivanis, A Tourkantonis

{"title":"Treatment of urinary tract infections with ciprofloxacin after renal transplantation.","authors":"D Grekas, V Thanos, C Dioudis, P Alivanis, A Tourkantonis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"As urinary tract infections in immunosuppressed renal transplant patients present a major therapeutic problem for clinicians in charge of renal units, the efficacy of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in such cases was tested in this study. Twenty-six patients, 16 women and 10 men, aged 20 to 56 years, who developed urinary tract infection (UTI) from 6 months to 10 years after renal transplantation were included in the study. Of these patients, 20 (77%) showed cystitis and/or prostatitis and 6 (23%) clinical symptomatology of acute or recurrent pyelonephritis. Patients with obstructive uropathy were excluded. Urine culture was positive for E. coli in 16/26 patients (61.5%) and for proteus mirabilis, klebsiella, staphylococcus aureus in 10/26 (38.5%). All patients were given ciprofloxacin 250 mg x 2 daily for 10 days and the results of the treatment were compared to those of 60 nontransplant patients (controls) with UTI. Fourteen patients (54%) were completely cured and 10(38%) showed improvement, while the respective results in the controls were 68% (41/60) and 28%. Relapses occurred in two patients, one in each group. Serious side effects were not observed. It is concluded that ciprofloxacin is an effective and safe drug for the treatment of UTI in renal transplant patients.","PeriodicalId":13817,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology","volume":"31 6","pages":"309-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19321741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In vitro studies of natural killer cell activity in septic shock patients. Response to a challenge with alpha-interferon and interleukin-2. 感染性休克患者自然杀伤细胞活性的体外研究。干扰素和白细胞介素-2对挑战的反应。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-06-01

J Puente, T Carvajal, S Parra, D Miranda, C Sepulveda, M E Wolf, A D Mosnaim

{"title":"In vitro studies of natural killer cell activity in septic shock patients. Response to a challenge with alpha-interferon and interleukin-2.","authors":"J Puente, T Carvajal, S Parra, D Miranda, C Sepulveda, M E Wolf, A D Mosnaim","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Natural killer cell activity (NKCA) in patients with septic shock was statistically significantly lower than the value recorded for a group of drug-free, healthy volunteers [9.1 +/- 7.8 (n = 20) and 20.6 +/- 16.6 (n = 15), respectively; Student's test, p < 0.05]. As expected, preincubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from samples taken from a group of controls with either alpha-interferon or interleukin -2 resulted in an enhancement of NKCA for each and everyone of the subjects studied; however, results from a similar protocol using patient samples showed a lack of consistency, both in the direction and magnitude, in the elicited changes in NK lytic function. Whereas samples from same patient responded with either an increase or a decrease in NKCA to preincubation with both immunostimulators, others responded with NKCA upmodulation to one and downmodulation to other of these test substances. A better knowledge of the mechanism(s) responsible for the depressed expression of NKCA in septic shock patients, and its altered response to alpha-interferon and interleukin-2, could generate new modalities in the diagnosis and therapy of this condition.","PeriodicalId":13817,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology","volume":"31 6","pages":"271-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19322490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Significance of cholesterol in health and disease. 胆固醇对健康和疾病的意义。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-06-01

V V Ranade

引用次数: 0

Nutritional recommendations for children and adolescents. 儿童和青少年的营养建议。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-06-01

V Ranade

引用次数: 0

Interactions between six psychotherapeutic drugs and plastic containers. Influence of plastic material and infusion solutions. 六种心理治疗药物与塑料容器的相互作用。塑料材料和输液液的影响。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-06-01

C B Airaudo, A Gayte-Sorbier, C Bianchi, M Verdier

{"title":"Interactions between six psychotherapeutic drugs and plastic containers. Influence of plastic material and infusion solutions.","authors":"C B Airaudo, A Gayte-Sorbier, C Bianchi, M Verdier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The interactions of chlorpromazine, clomipramine, maprotiline and viloxazine hydrochlorides, and of clorazepate dipotassium salt and diazepam with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Stedim 6 infusion bags were studied. Stedim 6, is anew multilayer film whose inner layer is made of polyethylene. The drugs were in 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride isotonic solutions and the influence of these was also considered. The remaining concentrations of each drug were determined at regular time intervals in a 24-h period, by a spectrofluorometric method for chlorpromazine hydrochloride and by ultraviolet spectrophotometric methods for the other drugs. No binding was observed for viloxazine and maprotiline hydrochlorides whatever the infusion solution and the plastic container. A slight retention in PVC bags, but not in Stedim 6 ones, was noted for clomipramine hydrochloride and clorazepate dipotassium salt. This was more marked in the sodium chloride solution than in the dextrose one. Diazepam and chlorpromazine hydrochloride were bound both in PVC and Stedim 6 bags, but more in the former and more again in the sodium chloride solution than in the dextrose one. The results were explained in terms of the degree of crystallinity of the plastic material and the degree of lipophilicity of the drugs. Practical consequences are discussed.","PeriodicalId":13817,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology","volume":"31 6","pages":"261-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19322489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clinical pharmacology in Eastern European countries. 东欧国家的临床药理学。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-06-01

A Simonić, B Vrhovac

引用次数: 0