International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology最新文献

Effect of DL-sodium lactate infusion on excretion of purine bases and oxypurinol. dl -乳酸钠输注对嘌呤碱和氧尿醇排泄的影响。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-12-01

T Yamamoto, Y Moriwaki, S Takahashi, Y Nasako, K Higashino

引用次数: 0

Hemodynamic changes induced by cilazapril and atenolol during isometric stress in hypertensive patients. 西拉普利和阿替洛尔对高血压患者等长应激时血流动力学的影响。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-12-01

P Pancera, E Arosio, F Priante, M Ribul, S De Marchi, A Lechi

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1) in healthy volunteers, with and without co-administration of ferrous sulfate, to thalassemia patients. 1,2-二甲基-3-羟基吡啶-4- 1 (L1)在健康志愿者中与不同时给药硫酸亚铁对地中海贫血患者的药代动力学比较

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-12-01

S Stobie, J Tyberg, D Matsui, D Fernandes, J Klein, N Olivieri, Y Bentur, G Koren

{"title":"Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one (L1) in healthy volunteers, with and without co-administration of ferrous sulfate, to thalassemia patients.","authors":"S Stobie, J Tyberg, D Matsui, D Fernandes, J Klein, N Olivieri, Y Bentur, G Koren","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Given the mortality and morbidity associated with acute iron intoxication, effective iron chelation which is easily administered in an emergency situation would be ideal. The pharmacokinetics of L1 were examined in 5 healthy adult male volunteers to assess its potential for use in acute iron overload. Ferrous sulfate (600 mg), L1 (900 mg), and ferrous sulfate and L1 were administered on three separate days, each one week apart. On each test day, blood samples were collected at regular intervals for the measurement of plasma L1 and total iron. Pharmacokinetic values were calculated. The data were also compared to that obtained in 10 patients with beta-thalassemia and chronic iron overload. In the normal volunteers, a 20% decrease in the area under the concentration time curve of plasma iron and of plasma L1 was demonstrated when they were co-administered. There was no change in urinary iron excretion when L1 was given with iron (p = 0.414). The elimination half-life of L1 in the thalassemia patients (137.65 +/- 48.65 min) was significantly longer than that in the healthy volunteers (77.56 +/- 13.0) (p = 0.0047) due to larger apparent volume of distribution. In all of the iron-overloaded individuals L1 resulted in increased urinary iron excretion. None of the other pharmacokinetic variables compared were significantly different between these two groups. These studies indicate that at levels below saturation, transferrin does not allow L1 to remove absorbed iron in healthy volunteers, whereas in thalassemia patients, who are beyond saturation of their iron binding capacity, the drug binds iron and promotes its excretion.","PeriodicalId":13817,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology","volume":"31 12","pages":"602-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19300457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Population pharmacokinetic analysis of new aminoglycosides, astromicin and isepamicin, and evaluation of Bayesian prediction method for approximation of individual clearance of drug. 新型氨基糖苷类药物、阿斯米星霉素和异帕霉素的群体药代动力学分析及贝叶斯预测方法对个体药物清除率的近似评价。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-12-01

T Uematsu

{"title":"Population pharmacokinetic analysis of new aminoglycosides, astromicin and isepamicin, and evaluation of Bayesian prediction method for approximation of individual clearance of drug.","authors":"T Uematsu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacokinetic data obtained from healthy subjects after a single i.v. infusion over 30 min of either astromicin (AST) or isepamicin (ISP), the newly developed aminoglycoside antibiotics, were analyzed by a computer program, NONMEM, together with those in patients having impaired renal functions of various degrees, which were cited from the literature. A two-compartment open model was utilized for the analysis, assuming that the total body clearance of drug (ClB) is linearly correlated with endogeneous creatinine clearance (Clcr). By the analysis, it was found that the body weight explains some part of interindividual variability in ClB of ISP, although it did not hold true in the case of AST. For each drug, the means and variances of ClB and the distribution volume of central compartment, and only the means of two intercompartmental constants (K12 and K21), all of which were obtained by the NONMEM analysis, were implemented in a Bayesian prediction program for a microcomputer. This, thus, clarified a point as to when blood sample should be collected in order to get the best prediction of individual ClB with the use of the above Bayesian program and the measurement of drug concentration in the sampled blood as a feedback information. For this purpose, the drug concentrations in plasma obtained in the multiple-dose study of each drug, in which the drug was administered in healthy subjects as i.v. infusion over 1 h every 12 h for 4.5 days, were used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":13817,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology","volume":"31 12","pages":"606-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19300458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution of lidocaine and digoxin in heart tissues and aorta following intrapericardial administration. 心包内给药后利多卡因和地高辛在心脏组织和主动脉中的分布。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-12-01

J T Darsinos, E C Samouilidou, B Krumholz, M Kontoyanni, A K Pistevos, J N Karli, M G Theodorakis, G M Levis, S D Moulopoulos

{"title":"Distribution of lidocaine and digoxin in heart tissues and aorta following intrapericardial administration.","authors":"J T Darsinos, E C Samouilidou, B Krumholz, M Kontoyanni, A K Pistevos, J N Karli, M G Theodorakis, G M Levis, S D Moulopoulos","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of lidocaine and digoxin in myocardial and aorta tissues of open chest anesthetized dogs was studied, following the administration of 30 ml phosphate buffer solution of the drugs in the pericardial cavity where it was kept for increasing time intervals. Transfer of lidocaine (15 or 30 mg) from the solution to myocardium was almost complete within 60 min, while only 50% of digoxin (2 or 50 micrograms) was removed, and this occurred during the first 30 min. Accordingly, the absorption rate of lidocaine by heart tissues increased with time up to 60 min while that of digoxin decreased with time. Absorption of digoxin by the atria and absorption of both drugs by intrapericardial aorta were higher than that of other heart tissues, between 20 and 60 min. At 30 and 60 min, lidocaine was evenly distributed across the LV wall while digoxin 50 micrograms was mainly concentrated subepicardially. On the contrary, i.v. administration of digoxin resulted in even distribution in the LV wall without preferential concentration in the atria. The uptake of both drugs by aorta was several times lower compared to heart tissues after i.v. administration. Drug concentrations in LV wall almost at therapeutic level, were derived from solution of low concentration of the drug in the pericardial cavity. It is concluded that intrapericardial administration of the drugs may be used when increased concentration of them is desired in specific areas of the heart and the aorta.","PeriodicalId":13817,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology","volume":"31 12","pages":"611-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19302237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of naproxen and its metabolites in humans. 西咪替丁、雷尼替丁和法莫替丁对萘普生及其代谢物在人体内单剂量药代动力学的影响。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-12-01

T B Vree, M van den Biggelaar-Martea, C P Verwey-van Wissen, M L Vree, P J Guelen

引用次数: 0

Cocaine and the nervous system. 可卡因和神经系统。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-12-01

A Prakash, G Das

引用次数: 0

Is there a relationship between cytarabine pharmacokinetics and keratitis?--A case report. 阿糖胞苷药代动力学与角膜炎有关系吗?——病例报告。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-12-01

J Boos, T Bömelburg, H Gerding, H Jürgens

{"title":"Is there a relationship between cytarabine pharmacokinetics and keratitis?--A case report.","authors":"J Boos, T Bömelburg, H Gerding, H Jürgens","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"While on therapy for acute myeloid leukemia, a 15-year-old girl developed extensive punctate keratitis of both eyes following high-dose cytarabine therapy (HD-Ara-C). Pharmacokinetic monitoring showed an increase of the Ara-C plasma levels up to twice the steady-state level within 10 minutes after discontinuation of the Ara-C infusion. Calculations of Ara-C plasma half-life, plasma clearance and volume of distribution were within the expected range. Owing to the short half-life of Ara-C in blood due to rapid deamination, varying infusion velocities will result in markedly varying plasma levels. Higher peak plasma levels lead to proportionally higher diffusion into compartments like tears, aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid. In compartments which lack noteworthy deaminase activity, dose intensity will be much more enhanced than in plasma. Peak plasma levels, therefore, may be associated with multifold local toxicity without concurrent increase of hematological toxicity. Especially when the drug is given in small volumes of infusion, these considerations should be taken into account. Precise control of infusion parameters and application of artificial tears for dilution of the Ara-C concentration on the corneal surface should be part of keratitis prophylaxis.","PeriodicalId":13817,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology","volume":"31 12","pages":"593-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19300455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ketoprofen 2.5% gel versus placebo gel in the treatment of acute soft tissue injuries. 酮洛芬2.5%凝胶与安慰剂凝胶治疗急性软组织损伤的比较。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-11-01

O Airaksinen, J Venãlãinen, T Pietilãinen

引用次数: 0

Double-blind comparison of butorphanol and nalbuphine on the common bile duct by ultrasonography in man. 布托啡诺与纳布啡对人胆总管超声检查的双盲比较。

International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology Pub Date : 1993-11-01

Z E Vieira, E K Zsigmond, B Duarte, S A Renigers, K Hirota

{"title":"Double-blind comparison of butorphanol and nalbuphine on the common bile duct by ultrasonography in man.","authors":"Z E Vieira, E K Zsigmond, B Duarte, S A Renigers, K Hirota","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Butorphanol and nalbuphine, narcotic agonist-antagonists were shown to cause no increase in biliary pressure in contrast to morphine in dogs or men. A non-invasive, ultrasonographic technique confirmed that morphine caused constriction of the common bile duct while placebo caused no effect. To prove the lack of constrictive effect of butorphanol and nalbuphine on the common bile duct, the changes in its diameter were measured following placebo or the two agonist-antagonists by ultrasonography. In a double-blind, randomized study, 17 patients undergoing open cholecystectomy were evaluated. No morphine or opioids were allowed for 12 hours prior to the study. After premedication with midazolam and glycopyrrolate, anesthesia was induced by midazolam, 50 micrograms.kg-1 and thiopental, 3.0-5.0 mg.kg-1. Tracheal intubation was facilitated by succinylcholine 1.0 mg.kg-1 and muscle relaxation was maintained with vecuronium. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane or enflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. After imaging the common bile duct by ultrasonography, placebo, nalbuphine 0.3 mg.kg-1 or butorphanol 40 micrograms.kg-1 were injected intravenously. The diameter of the common bile duct was measured before and at 4 and 8 minutes after drug administration. One-way analysis of variance and paired t-test were utilized for statistical analysis. P < 0.05 was considered significant. No significant changes in the common bile duct diameter was observed after placebo administration, nor was any change observed after either nalbuphine or butorphanol as compared to the baseline. The comparison of three groups of patients showed no statistically significant difference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":13817,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy, and toxicology","volume":"31 11","pages":"564-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19282093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0