International Journal of Climatology最新文献

{"title":"The Cyclic and Episodic Transition of Strong El Niño and Implications for South American Precipitation During Their Peak and Decay Stages","authors":"Leonardo Mamani,&nbsp;Rita V. Andreoli,&nbsp;Itamara Parente de Souza,&nbsp;Mary Toshie Kayano,&nbsp;Wallace Cevalho,&nbsp;Djanir Sales,&nbsp;Rodrigo A. Ferreira de Souza","doi":"10.1002/joc.8710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8710","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mechanisms associated with the transitions of strong El Niño (EN) events and their implications for the South American precipitation were investigated for the 1950–2023 period. Strong EN events exhibit cyclic or episodic characteristics in their transitions. Cyclic EN events are both preceded and followed by La Niña (LN) conditions, whereas episodic EN events are preceded by neutral conditions, with a more uncertain transition following. For cyclic EN, tropical Pacific mechanisms initiates and peak warming in the eastern tropical Pacific from austral winter to early summer. In contrast, for episodic EN, coupled subtropical and tropical Pacific mechanisms, respectively, initiate and peak warming in the central tropical Pacific from autumn to late summer. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) mean state modulates EN's decay stage. During the +PDO mean state, cyclones in the eastern subtropical Pacific of both hemispheres sustain the warming of episodic EN, whereas during the −PDO mean state, anticyclones in the eastern subtropical Pacific accelerate the decay of cyclic EN, favouring its transition to an LN. These mechanisms explain why episodic EN initiates earlier, peaks later, is more intense and decays more slowly than cyclic EN. During an episodic EN summer, the strengthened atmospheric circulation maintains the Atlantic Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) north of the equator, causing persistent negative precipitation anomalies in north–northeastern South America (SA) until the following winter, while positive precipitation anomalies in southeastern SA are driven by south–southeastward moisture transport from equatorial Atlantic. Conversely, during a cyclic EN summer, negative (positive) precipitation anomalies impact north–northwestern (southeastern) SA; however, the anomalous atmospheric circulation and precipitation in SA quickly return to normal conditions in the autumn, and positive precipitation anomalies appear in northern SA in the following winter. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for predicting EN's future changes and, consequently, their potential socio-economic impacts globally.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thin-Plate Spline Interpolation Spatial Modelling of GNSS Retrieved Water Vapour Over Northeast Japan","authors":"Kutubuddin Ansari,&nbsp;Janusz Walo,&nbsp;Kinga Wezka,&nbsp;Dorota Marjanska,&nbsp;Punyawi Jamjareegulgarn","doi":"10.1002/joc.8704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8704","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study investigated precipitable water vapour (PWV) variation over Northeast Japan by using more than two decades (2000 to 2022) of measurements. These data have been extracted from 36 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) networks and interpolated with thin-plate spline interpolation to understand its spatial variation over the region. PWV annual and seasonal variation is studied and correlated with ERA5 reanalysis observations. These PWV variation shows that the northern part of Northeast Japan which is located at higher latitudes showed a smaller magnitude compared to PWV magnitude in the southern part of low latitudes. This is possible because the cold air is drier and the warm air holds more moisture in the lower southern part. The correlation coefficient variation based on geographical area is visible which quantifies the consistency between GNSS PWV and ERA5 and visualises the effects in sampling. The southern part, where the correlation coefficients are very high (more than 0.80), indicates good agreements between GNSS PWV and ERA5 values and can be considered well-sampled observations. Moreover, the correlation coefficients drop the values to approximately 0.40–0.60 for poorly sampled observations on the northern coast, pointing out the interannual inconsistency of PWV measurements, which are loosely related to ERA5 observations. Finally, the correlation coefficient between PWV with surface temperature and atmospheric pressure over Northeast Japan is investigated. This is clear from the results that the correlation coefficient between PWV and temperature is around 0.98 for each site, indicating that PWV has a very high dependency on surface temperature. The correlation coefficient between PWV and pressure is highly negative around −0.80, indicating their inverse relationship. We believe the outcomes from this study will contribute to a better understanding of PWV over Japan and the future refinements of atmospheric models over the East Asian region.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classifying Climate-Suitable Lands in California for Coffee Cultivation","authors":"Kenneth B. Prewitt,&nbsp;John T. Abatzoglou,&nbsp;Joshua H. Viers,&nbsp;Colleen C. Naughton","doi":"10.1002/joc.8690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8690","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increased market for specialty coffee and climate volatility in traditional coffee-growing regions of the world has prompted interest in cultivating coffee outside of the tropics, including in California. While several small coffee farms have established in California over the past couple decade, no studies have identified and quantified climatically suitable regions for growing coffee. We developed a model of <i>Coffea arabica</i> suitability based on agronomic studies of thermal constraints to coffee cultivation, combining heat and cold intolerance with energy requirements for maturation. This model was applied to agricultural lands across California using high-resolution climate datasets for both modern (1991–2020) and projected near-term (2021–2050) conditions. We explored the potential for farm thermal management approaches—such as using agroforestry shade trees—to buffer temperature extremes and augment thermal suitability. Results indicate that, in the absence of thermal management approaches, nearly all agricultural lands in the state experience temperature extremes detrimental to coffee cultivation in modern climate. By contrast, we found that over 230 km² of agricultural land in coastal southern and central California is thermally suitable for coffee with management efforts. These suitable areas include most of the state's avocado cultivation—which may serve as a thermal buffer for coffee and favour the environmental and economic agricultural sustainability of this coupled crop system. We additionally show that projected near-term climate coupled with management efforts leads to moderate increases in thermally suitable agricultural lands for coffee cultivation. Despite numerous economic and logistical challenges, that impede the growth of a burgeoning coffee region in coastal, southern and central California, we demonstrate that climate conditions in both today and in the future, combined with agronomic management efforts such as shading, provide an opportunity for a viable coffee production in California.</p>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/joc.8690","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Present Variability and Future Change in Onset and Cessation of the Rainy Season Over Peru","authors":"Gustavo De la Cruz,&nbsp;Adrian Huerta,&nbsp;Jhan-Carlo Espinoza,&nbsp;Waldo Lavado-Casimiro","doi":"10.1002/joc.8700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8700","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in patterns of accumulated rainfall, as well as the rainy season onset, cessation and duration, can impact the availability of water resources and sectors such as agriculture, affecting the livelihoods of the population. The knowledge of these changes is crucial for regions driven by strong precipitation variability such as the Andean countries. Therefore, the aim of this work is to determine the present and future spatio-temporal patterns of the onset, cessation and duration of the rainy season in Peru. For this purpose, we analysed in a first step the present variability and trends in 11 homogeneous regions using data from 377 ground stations for the period 1981–2019. The results showed significant trends (1981–2019) of earlier onset and increased duration only in the Southern Peruvian Amazon (Madre de Dios River basin). Furthermore, the accumulated rainfall has significant trends of increases in North East Andes, Northern and Southern Amazon. In a second step, we assessed future changes of the rainy season from an ensemble of statistically downscaled CMIP6 climate scenarios. A two-tailed Student <i>t</i>-test was used to evaluate the significance of changes. Two future time slices (2031–2060 and 2071–2100) relative to the reference period (1981–2010) were analysed. Future changes of the rainy season showed significant delays in the onset for the Central East Andes, South West Andes and Amazon regions in the period 2071–2100. Likewise, the rainy season duration presents future significant reductions in regions of the central and southern Andes under the SSP2-4.5 scenario. Moreover, the accumulated precipitation is projected to increase significantly in the Pacific slope and Andes regions, mainly under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. These findings are particularly important for sectors like agriculture, energy and water resources management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cropland Exposure to Extreme Dryness and Wetness in China Under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways","authors":"Ruiting Yang,&nbsp;Guojie Wang,&nbsp;Yunxia Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Shijie Li,&nbsp;Pedro Cabral","doi":"10.1002/joc.8715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8715","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global warming by human activities have exacerbated the occurrence of extreme climatic events, which have taken a huge toll on human production and livelihoods. Predicting future changes in extreme wetness and dryness, along with the extent of cropland exposure to these conditions under various scenarios, is essential for effective climate adaptation and achieving sustainable development goals. This study employs the Standardised Antecedent Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SAPEI) method to identify extreme dryness and extreme wetness in China for future projections (2021–2100), and to analyse the characteristics of changes in the pixel-day, intensity, and affected area by extreme dryness and wetness, as well as the cropland exposures to them under different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). We find that the intensity and spatial extent of extreme dryness and wetness significantly increase in future climate projections, especially under high-emission scenario compared to low-emission scenario. Under the scenarios with increased emissions, the cropland exposure increased in most parts of China. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to keep the low-emission scenario in order to minimise the cropland damage caused by extreme drought and wetness in China in the future.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actual and Potential Trend Analysis Under Climate Change Using Risk Sen's Slope (RSS) in Western Black Sea Basin in Türkiye","authors":"Muhammed Zakir Keskin,&nbsp;Ahmad Abu Arra,&nbsp;Seyma Akca,&nbsp;Eyüp Şişman","doi":"10.1002/joc.8703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8703","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Several classical and innovative trend methods exist in the literature to identify and evaluate the effects of climate change on hydro-meteorological variables. Among the classical methods, the most commonly used ones are modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) and Sen's slope (SS). As for the innovative methods to identify potential trends (probable risk levels) in hydro-meteorological variables depending on changing the initial conditions and temporal dynamic development behaviour of the trends, the risk Sen's slope (RSS) method was proposed based on different risk values. The actual trends are proposed in this research to comprehensively understand and analyse the climate change trend over the entire period. It uses RSS and the classical trends MMK and SS. Also, the spatiotemporal classical, actual and potential trends in meteorological variables are evaluated. Additionally, the advantages of the RSS method compared with classical SS are discussed in detail. The Western Black Sea basin in Türkiye, with monthly total precipitation and monthly average temperature data from 1961 to 2023, is selected as a representative application. The temperature trend results show that the 0.99 risk level gave approximately 25% higher slope than SS. The maximum temperature-increasing trend within the study area and the time period at 0.99 risk level is 2.10°C. However, the differences between precipitation trend slopes obtained by SS and RSS for different risk levels are relatively low. Furthermore, using different slopes corresponding to several risk levels allows for more proactive and effective measures for sustainable agricultural activities and water management. The actual temperature trend within the basin ranges between 1.33°C and 2.09°C, and the actual precipitation trend ranges between 2.78 and 12.74 mm over the study period.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and Spatial Relationships Between Climatic Indices and Precipitation Zones in Europe, Spain and Catalonia","authors":"Stefan Platikanov,&nbsp;Jordi F. Lopez,&nbsp;Belen Martrat,&nbsp;Javier Martin-Vide,&nbsp;Roma Tauler","doi":"10.1002/joc.8699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8699","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on identifying distinct precipitation zones across Europe, Spain and Catalonia, and second, examining how various large- and small-scale climatic patterns affect the precipitation in these zones. Previous research has focused primarily on the relationships between individual climatic indices and precipitation in specific regions but has often overlooked the combined influence of multiple climate signals on precipitation variability. To address these issues, this study proposes the use of principal component analysis (PCA) as a multivariate analysis framework to investigate the complex relationships amongst multiannual precipitation patterns at different spatial scales, specifically in Europe, Spain and Catalonia. Distinct correlations amongst total annual precipitation occur in European countries, Spanish provinces and small Catalonian regions. Europe and Spain have five precipitation zones, whereas Catalonia has four. The calculated trends indicate a total precipitation reduction in the Iberian Peninsula, western Mediterranean and southwestern Europe, with a projected further decrease. Conversely, northern and central Europe anticipate normal to high precipitation tendencies. A second PCA application explores time and spatial correlations between precipitation zones and local/global climatic indices. The Southern Annular Mode, key Pacific teleconnections (PNA, TNA, WHWP, PACWARM and BEST) and confirmed Atlantic patterns (EA, NAO and AO) emerged as influential. The WeMO and MO indices showed the expected relevance at local spatial resolutions. Multivariate data analysis methods for two- or multidimensional datasets, which span multiple years and various spatial units (countries/provinces/regions), can extend the use of multivariate data analysis tools for correlation analysis over time in diverse geographical areas, including other continents, with varying spatial and temporal resolutions. The inclusion of monthly average precipitation data as an additional dimension in datasets analysed by multivariate statistical methods, such as PCA, will improve the knowledge of spatiotemporal climate variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/joc.8699","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Identifying Warm Fronts in Eurasia","authors":"Yujing Qin,&nbsp;Jiachen Wang,&nbsp;Chuhan Lu,&nbsp;Mengru Feng","doi":"10.1002/joc.8701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8701","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Warm fronts often trigger significant weather changes, which also play a role in many extreme weather incidents. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the location and characteristics of warm fronts to accurately forecast weather changes. However, warm fronts are more difficult to identify than cold fronts on average, since the gradients can be weaker and shallower. This paper proposes a new objective method for identifying warm fronts in the Eurasia region using ERA-5 hourly reanalysis data. The method uses the appropriate thermal front parameter and warm advection threshold to identify the potential warm frontal zone, then determines the corresponding warm boundary according to the predominant wind direction within the frontal zone, and finally locates the warm front line along the warm boundary. In various weather processes, the location and shape of the objective warm front correspond well with the distribution of weather systems and meteorological elements, indicating the effectiveness of the method. Meanwhile, the high agreement between objective and manual warm fronts further supports the reliability of the method. Furthermore, this method is applied to the long-term datasets covering Eurasia, enabling an exploration of the climatological characteristics of warm fronts in the region. The study reveals distinct seasonal patterns in warm front frequency, with the highest frequency occurring during winter and the lowest during summer. Warm fronts are notably active in Europe, the Siberian Plain, the Northeast China Plain extending to the Western Pacific during winter, spring, and autumn. The dataset of warm fronts produced by this method proves valuable for climate change research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Climate Change in the Northern Bering Sea","authors":"James E. Overland,&nbsp;Muyin Wang","doi":"10.1002/joc.8697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8697","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Bering Sea is undergoing major changes from increasing winter temperatures to the north, extreme minimum sea-ice years in 2018 and 2019, through to an ecosystem reorganisation and negative impacts on communities' economic and subsistence food resources. These events have emerged under a global warming background, with positive feedback processes through a weakened atmospheric Alaskan Arctic Front (AAF) that promotes a self-reinforcing process of sea-ice loss, warmer air and sea temperatures, a wavy jet stream, and southerly winds. Interannual variability is still important: during 2021–2024 the Aleutian Low-pressure system was regionally dominant in supporting a strong AAF, and sea-ice conditions were observed close to the climatological mean. Before 2017, the AAF, consisting of cold dry air mass to the north and moist relatively warm air mass to the south, was a barrier to northward movement of storms, keeping the northern Bering/Chukchi seas with a cold Arctic climate. That historical situation is ending. Of critical importance is the probable reoccurrence of low Bering Sea sea-ice years over the next decades and related ecosystem impacts. We propose that radically low sea ice will have a frequency of one to three 2018-like low sea-ice events per decade in the coming two decades, based on a historical meteorological analysis and ensemble climate model projections. Arctic temperatures to the north are increasing, weakening their contribution to the AAF. A weakened AAF and low sea-ice years needs the winter Aleutian low pressure system to be far to the west of its average position, with southerly rather than northeasterly winds, warm years and low sea-ice extent. From 1948 to 2024 meteorological records, this western location occurred with a range of zero to three times per decade. Communities need to plan for a response to intermittent occurrence of 2018-like extreme sea-ice loss and their ecosystem impacts over the coming decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/joc.8697","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Precipitation Concentration and Their Linkage to Temperature Over China","authors":"Zequn Lin,&nbsp;Dagang Wang,&nbsp;Yi Du,&nbsp;Yue Meng","doi":"10.1002/joc.8698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.8698","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Precipitation concentration represents the temporal unevenness of precipitation over a given period. A higher concentration increases the likelihood of concurrent flooding and drought. While previous studies have primarily focused on precipitation concentration at the daily scale, research on sub-daily scales remains limited. Furthermore, the impact of temperature on precipitation concentration across various temporal scales is not well understood. In this study, we utilise high-resolution precipitation products and the Gini index (GI) to examine the spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation concentration across four different time scales (3, 6, 12-h and 1-day) over China. The climatological analysis reveals a gradual increase in precipitation concentration from southeast to northwest China. At shorter temporal scales (3 and 6-h), Southeastern China exhibits a notable increase in precipitation concentration, while longer scales (12-h and 1-day) show a significant decrease throughout most regions of Northwest China. These observed spatiotemporal patterns are closely linked to temperature variations. At the 3-h scale, precipitation concentration at the 3-h scale increases with temperature at a nation-averaged rate of 1.06% °C⁻¹ and decreases to 0.30% °C⁻¹ at the 1-day scale. Higher temperatures intensify precipitation concentration at the 3-h scale in Southeast China by increasing the frequency of heavy precipitation events. Meanwhile, in Northwest China, the decline in concentration at the daily scale under warmer conditions is attributed to increased annual precipitation amounts driven by higher temperatures. This study is of great significance, as it provides insight into how the temporal distribution of precipitation in China change under future global warming.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}