International Journal of Climatology最新文献

{"title":"The Characteristic, Multiscale Dynamic Mechanisms and Impacts of Heavy Precipitation Events in the Yangtze River Valley","authors":"Yu Gu,&nbsp;Hongjia Lei,&nbsp;Lingzhi Zhang,&nbsp;Qianrong Ma,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Shanlei Sun,&nbsp;Pengcheng Yan,&nbsp;Yang Jiao","doi":"10.1002/joc.70406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70406","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heavy precipitation events (HPEs) in the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) pose persistent threats to population safety and infrastructure. This study classifies five population-weighted HPE types (P1–P5) and examines their underlying dynamics using multiscale window transform and canonical energy transfer framework. Each type links to distinct circulation patterns. During 1979–2020, P1 and P2 are associated with Meiyu front systems, with P1 producing stronger precipitation. P2 accounts for 68% of all events, resulting in the greatest population exposure. P3 is driven by landfalling typhoons and represents the second most frequent type. P4 arises from short-wave disturbances that primarily affect northern YRV, whereas P5 is concentrated in the western YRV and influenced by low-vortex systems. Multiscale energy diagnostics show that most HPEs draw energy from the transfer of available potential energy (APE) from background to synoptic circulations, which subsequently convert to kinetic energy (KE). This transfer dominates the maintenance of P1 and P2. In contrast, P3 cases rely more on KE cascades, reflecting their stronger dynamic forcing. P4 and P5 exhibit weaker exchanges and depend more on background circulations. Additionally, future climate projections indicate that warming will amplify convective instability and strengthen APE-to-KE conversions in P1 and P3, but weaken these transfers in P2, P4, and P5. As a result, the currently dominant P2 type is expected to decline, while P1 and P3 become more frequent. By 2100, the population exposed to these type events will increase by more than 20%, posing substantial risks to societal resilience and adaptation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"46 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating Crowdsourced Data Into Operational Products: A Perspective From a National Meteorological Service","authors":"Irene Garcia-Marti,&nbsp;Christopher W. Brown,&nbsp;Alessandro Spinuso,&nbsp;Gijsbert Kruithof,&nbsp;Theo Brandsma,&nbsp;Jan Willem Noteboom","doi":"10.1002/joc.70408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70408","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Future advances in the fields of meteorology and climate science will require scientists to increasingly adopt AI/ML methods and simultaneously strive towards the provision of new high-resolution services. In this context, the development of new products and services (e.g., data fusion, nowcasting, data assimilation, validation and verification of NWP) may greatly benefit from the adoption of second-and-third-party data (23PD) as a source of high-resolution observations. In this document, we share KNMI's experience at integrating 23PD in the organisation looking into aspects of internal strategic adaptation (e.g., defining vision and clear objectives, identifying value for the weather chain) to crowdsourcing, digital infrastructure, Open Science, and governance. We think the successful adoption of 23PD might be relevant for AI/ML forecasting, devising new hyperlocal climate services and enable impact-based analyses at the urban scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"46 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/joc.70408","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling the Role of Local and Global Climatic Factors in Modulating Meteorological Drought Propagation Over Pakistan During 1981–2020","authors":"Haider Abbas,&nbsp;Song Wenlong,&nbsp;Wang Yicheng,&nbsp;Azfar Hussain,&nbsp;Kaizheng Xiang,&nbsp;Arif Ullah,&nbsp;Sana Nazli,&nbsp;Nebiyou Kassahun","doi":"10.1002/joc.70309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70309","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluates the spatiotemporal variability of meteorological drought (MD) characteristics in Pakistan on monthly and seasonal scale during 1981–2020 using Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardised Potential Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope tests are used to assess the magnitude and trends of MD, while multiple linear regression (MLR) and wavelet coherence (WTC) are used to assess the influence of local and global climatic factors in modulating MD. Results revealed 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2008 and 2018 as major drought years. The southern parts of Pakistan (i.e., Sindh, Balochistan, and Southern Punjab) showed strong vulnerability to higher frequency and long duration, whereas the northern regions showed more severity to MD's. MD's prevailed with significant correlation with NDVI in cropland during each season, while in rangeland, the significant association was in pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. The MLR model exhibits that after precipitation, total evaporation (TE) has a comparatively higher contribution to MD prediction in Pakistan. Among teleconnections the coherence of ENSO with MD was more pronounced followed by AMO and IOD. The influence of positive phase IOD on MD variability was more significant across study region. Additionally, El Niño and La Niña manifest their significant association with SPI in western part of the country. These findings offer crucial information for better water management strategies and improving crops drought resiliency which is essential for sustainable agricultural practices and economic growth.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"46 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Coupling Between the Summer East Asian Subtropical Jet and Polar Front Jet Since the Mid-1990s and Its Impact on Extreme Heat Events","authors":"Zhongren Deng,&nbsp;Renhe Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiyan Zuo","doi":"10.1002/joc.70399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70399","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The East Asian Polar Front Jet (EAPJ) and the East Asian Subtropical Jet (EASJ) play pivotal roles in modulating regional climate. This study identifies a significant interdecadal shift in summer EAPJ–EASJ linkage during 1979–2024, with a distinct transition around 1994. During 1979–1994, the correlation between the two jets was weak and statistically insignificant (<i>r</i> = −0.15). In contrast, the post–1995 period exhibited a strong negative correlation (<i>r</i> = −0.69, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), indicating a substantial intensification of the jet coupling. Further analysis suggests that the enhanced jet coupling was primarily driven by a phase shift of the Polar-Eurasian (POL) pattern from negative to positive. This shift generated an equatorward-propagating Rossby wave train that dynamically linked the two jets. Simultaneously, changes in the meridional potential vorticity gradient and upper-level circulation pattern promoted enhanced equatorward-propagating wave activity, thereby amplifying the jet coupling. Importantly, this interdecadal change in jet interaction has had substantial climatic consequences, particularly over the region of entire central-northern-northeastern Asia, where the intensified anticyclonic anomalies result in a notable increase in the frequency of extreme heat events.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"46 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Variability and Oceanic Modulation of Daily Rainfall Regimes During Autumn Over Northeast Brazil","authors":"Isamara de Mendonça Silva,&nbsp;Deusdedit Monteiro Medeiros,&nbsp;David Mendes,&nbsp;Michel d. S. Mesquita,&nbsp;Tercio Ambrizzi","doi":"10.1002/joc.70411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70411","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study identified four hidden rainfall states in Northeast Brazil (NEB) during the austral autumn (March–May) from 1981 to 2015 using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Two states correspond to widespread dry (State 1) and wet (State 2) conditions, both exhibiting strong daily persistence and associations with large-scale atmospheric features, including the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the South American Monsoon System (SAMS), and the South Atlantic Subtropical High (SASH). The remaining two states are characterized by localized rainfall over the northwestern sector (State 3) and the coastal areas (State 4) of the NEB. Running correlation analyses revealed that the interannual frequency of these states is modulated by oceanic modes, whose influences exhibit non-stationary behaviour over time. The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm showed a good fit for predicting state frequencies, with particular emphasis on State 1. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values highlighted the dominant role of Atlantic variability modes, with a strong negative Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) phase and positive South Atlantic Ocean Dipole (SAOD) phase tending to modulate the frequency of wet and dry conditions. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) shows a stronger association with State 3 and acts as a conditional modulator of State 1, becoming dominant during strong El Niño events. State 4 reflects a more complex inter-basin structure, with alternating Atlantic and Pacific influences and a secondary contribution from the Indian Ocean. These findings enhance our understanding of the non-stationary and non-linear ocean–atmosphere interactions that shape seasonal precipitation variability in the NEB and provide valuable insights for improving seasonal climate assessments and climate risk management in the region.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"46 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Large-Scale Meteorological Patterns on Offshore Wind Energy Variability and Extreme Wind Events in China","authors":"Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Xuezhi Tan,&nbsp;Xiaomeng Liu,&nbsp;Zhaoli Wang","doi":"10.1002/joc.70405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70405","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Offshore wind energy exhibits strong spatiotemporal variability fundamentally driven by large-scale meteorological patterns (LSMPs), but the mechanisms linking LSMPs to both wind energy variability and extreme wind events remain insufficiently understood. Focusing on the offshore region of China, this study uses the self-organising map algorithm to identify the dominant seasonal LSMP transition pathways affecting wind energy and to establish explicit links between specific LSMPs and the spatial distribution of extreme wind events. The results show that wintertime transitions involving Siberian High-enhanced pathways contribute to persistently strong winds and stable power output. In other seasons, dominant LSMP evolution pathways lead to pronounced spatial redistribution of wind energy, causing the optimal regions for offshore wind power generation to alternate between the northern and southern seas. LSMPs also regulate the occurrence of extreme wind speed events, as regions with positive capacity factor anomalies typically experience lower frequencies of low wind speed extremes. A further decomposition of the interannual variability in seasonal capacity factor and the frequency of extreme wind speed events shows that changes in wind energy characteristics under a given LSMP (within-pattern component) are the primary drivers of their interannual variability. These findings suggest that future research should pay greater attention to how evolving thermal gradients and boundary-layer conditions under global warming may modulate offshore wind energy within individual circulation patterns.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"46 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Precursor Characteristics and Prediction of Convective Precipitation Based on Atmospheric Temperature and Humidity Profiles","authors":"Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhaokai Song,&nbsp;Weihua Bai,&nbsp;Yuanjie Zhang","doi":"10.1002/joc.70410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70410","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on multi-source atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles over the Northern Hemisphere during summer (2020–2021), this study explores precursors of convective precipitation (CP) through comparative analysis of convective parameters under different precipitation conditions and machine learning classification results. The results indicate that for most profile sources, convective parameters such as Most Unstable Convective Inhibition (MUCIN), level of free convection (LFC), K index (Ki) and Showalter Index (Si) exhibit precursor signals for CP. Among all profile sources, the radiosonde profiles from the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) reveal the most pronounced precursor signals of CP across most convective parameters, while Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate-2 (COSMIC2) radio occultation data show stronger precursor features among satellite-based profiles, particularly for Ki and Si. Convective parameters under CP conditions are generally insensitive to the CP intensity, but several parameters vary significantly with geographic location, especially latitude and local standard time (LST). Based on the classification results of the random forest (RF) model, profiles from different sources all can predict CPs with reasonably high accuracy, ranging from 0.64 to 0.79. Satellite profiles achieve comparable accuracy to radiosondes, largely due to their substantially larger sample size. The important feature factors for the CP prediction vary across different data sources, but with LST is a consistently important factor. LFC and Ki are highly important factors for COSMIC2 and radiosonde profiles, while MUCIN and relative humidity emerge as key factors for satellite microwave data.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"46 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representation of Near-Surface Thermal Stability Over the Contiguous United States in Current European Global Atmospheric Reanalyses","authors":"Kexing Yu,&nbsp;Kaicun Wang","doi":"10.1002/joc.70402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70402","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The land surface-air temperature difference (<i>T</i>\u0000 _s − <i>T</i>\u0000 _a) is a key parameter in land-atmosphere energy exchange. As the core driver of sensible heat flux, it regulates turbulent motion and vertical thermal structure, directly impacting near-surface stability, boundary layer development, and extreme climate events. This study evaluates the performance of reanalysis products in simulating <i>T</i>\u0000 _s − <i>T</i>\u0000 _a over the Contiguous United States (CONUS), using observations from more than 100 U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) stations during 2002–2024. Results show that ERA5 and ERA5-Land reproduce the spatial pattern of <i>T</i>\u0000 _s − <i>T</i>\u0000 _a reasonably well, but exhibit systematic biases: both reanalyses datasets significantly underestimate the daily maximum <i>T</i>\u0000 _s − <i>T</i>\u0000 _a (occurring during daytime), with mean biases of −3.1°C and −3.4°C averaged over CONUS, and the largest underestimation found in the arid southwestern United States during summer. Terrain analysis further reveals that these biases are topography-dependent: models consistently underestimate nocturnal <i>T</i>\u0000 _s − <i>T</i>\u0000 _a in valleys, where cold-air pooling occurs, while ERA5-Land overestimates nighttime <i>T</i>\u0000 _s − <i>T</i>\u0000 _a over flat and elevated terrain in summer and autumn. Benefiting from its higher-resolution land surface model, ERA5-Land shows some improvement over ERA5, reducing the daily mean bias from −0.9°C to −0.6°C and the daily minimum bias from −0.8°C to +0.4°C. However, both reanalysis products fail to capture the observed significant decreasing trend in minimum <i>T</i>\u0000 _s − <i>T</i>\u0000 _a (−0.52°C ± 0.005°C/decade in observations versus +0.02°C/decade in ERA5 and +0.01°C/decade in ERA5-Land). This discrepancy is attributed to the assumption of synchronous trends in surface temperature and air temperature within the reanalysis systems, revealing limitations of current reanalysis products in representing the long-term dynamics of land-atmosphere interaction. This study provides a scientific basis for optimising climate models and informing reanalysis data applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"46 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-Driven Spatiotemporal Early-Warning Framework for Marine Heatwaves Based on Intensity–Duration Schemes","authors":"Xurui Li,&nbsp;Wei Lin,&nbsp;Yulong Yao,&nbsp;Lu Gao","doi":"10.1002/joc.70414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70414","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A rapid and accurate risk early warning system of marine heatwaves (MHWs) is crucial for mitigating the potential compound ecological and socioeconomic impacts. However, research on early warning is limited, in particular for China's marginal seas and adjacent offshore waters (CMSOW). This study proposes an innovative early warning system—reversible residual Transformer and bidirectional gated recurrent unit (RTG), for predicting the risk level of MHWs in CMSOW. The framework (1) constructs a duration–intensity MHW-risk taxonomy from historical observations and (2) integrates Bi-GRU–Transformer networks with reversible residual layers and the Fast Attention via Positive Orthogonal Random Features (FAVOR+) attention mechanism to forecast sea surface temperature (SST) and identify potential marine heatwave risks. Extensive experiments show that (1) pairing a Bi-GRU with a Transformer cuts the SST prediction root mean squared error (RMSE) by 40% compared with either model alone; (2) the proposed RTG framework lowers the overall SST prediction RMSE by 8.08% relative to these benchmark models (RNN, LSTM, GRU, Bi-LSTM, Bi-GRU, TCN and Transformer); (3) for 15-day lead forecasts, RTG maintains superior stability, achieving an additional 32% reduction in RMSE and (4) in the early warning context, it lowers the false alarm rate by 3.8% and raises the Dice coefficient by 15.6%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"46 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Impacts of Carbon Dioxide Removal and Radiation Management on Regional Monsoons","authors":"Qi Zuo,&nbsp;Jian Cao,&nbsp;Mengying Zhao","doi":"10.1002/joc.70413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70413","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Global mean surface temperature has gradually risen, with warming approaching 1.5°C over the past 3 years. To mitigate or offset global warming, the temperature mitigation approaches of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and several radiation management (RM) approaches have been proposed. Studies have demonstrated the spatial heterogeneity of rainfall responses to individual temperature mitigation approaches. However, a detailed comparison of monsoon responses across regions and approaches is still lacking. This study investigates the impacts of the global-scale CDR and four RM approaches on the monsoons using the Community Earth System Model. Results show that global cooling reduces monsoon rainfall over Asia and the Southern Hemisphere, but increases North American monsoon rainfall in our simulations. In contrast, the North African monsoon response depends on the specific temperature mitigation approach. The CDR reduces North African rainfall, whereas RM approaches increase it to varying degrees. Moisture budget analysis indicates that the thermodynamic effect reduces monsoon rainfall globally, whereas the dynamic effect is both region- and approach-dependent. The increased North American monsoon rainfall is attributed to enhanced monsoon circulation driven by the sea surface temperature gradient between the southeastern Pacific and the North Atlantic. The approach-dependent changes in North African rainfall are primarily governed by differences in lower- and mid-tropospheric monsoon circulation. Our findings suggest that the temperature mitigation may bring dual benefits of cooler temperature and increase freshwater resources for North American, but pose challenges for climate mitigation efforts in North Africa.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Climatology","volume":"46 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148373099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}