International Journal of Agriculture and Biology最新文献

{"title":"Seed Invigoration with Paclobutrazol Improves Seedling Growth, Physiological, Biochemical Attributes and Fruit Yield in Okra","authors":"R. Bashir","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1835","url":null,"abstract":"The production of okra is affected by improper seedling growth and abiotic factors like temperature and soil. This study was aimed to examine the effect of paclobutrazol (PBZ) seed priming on the growth, seedling vigor and yield of okra. A pot experiment was conducted in completely randomized design under natural conditions and seeds of two okra varieties were soaked in 0, 4, 8, 10 and 20 mg L-1 of PBZ solution. Results showed that PBZ seed soaking affected the germination rate and maximum reduction in germination rate was observed at 20 mg L-1 of PBZ. A gradual decrease in plant height was recorded in PBZ treated plants as compared to control. A decrease in plant height of PBZ treated plants was accompanied with an increase in plant biomass and number of branches. PBZ seed soaking resulted in darker green leaves with higher chlorophyll, protein and total free amino acid contents than control plants. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase was also higher in PBZ treated plants. The improvement in all vegetative and physiological parameters ultimately had a positive effect on yield. PBZ treated plants showed an increase in the number of pods and pod length while seed weight remained unaffected. Thus, seed priming with optimum doses of PBZ could improve the seedlings and yield of okra. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43274755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Sugarcane Genotypes for Red Rot Resistance and Antifungal Activity of Rhizosphere Microbiota against Colletotricum falcatum","authors":"S. Aslam","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1830","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to screen the potential of locally grown sugarcane genotypes for red rot resistance and activity of native microbial strains against the pathogen. Field trials were conducted with 70 genotypes for consecutive years and results showed that only two genotypes viz., SSRI-1 and CO-0238 showed resistant behavior towards red rot of sugarcane. The red rot pathogen Colletotrichum falcatum Went was characterized and pathogenicity tests on two susceptible genotypes (NSG-59 and CPSG-2923) showed high virulence of SUCF04 isolate to develop severe disease lesions. The native rhizospheric microbiota was screened for microbial consortia exhibiting fine antifungal activity against the highly virulent pathogenic strain. The antagonism assay exposed that 10 bacterial isolates out of 46 showed great potential for antifungal activity. The selected bacterial isolates revealed 68–99% pathogen inhibition during the assay. The fungal strains with biological control potential inhibited the pathogen growth by 20–80% and a group of three strains with more than 50% antifungal activity were characterized. The molecular characterization of these microbes revealed that the isolates were belonging to Bacillus subtilus, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Trichoderma harzianum and several other important taxa. This study revealed that only two sugarcane genotypes were found as resistant against red rot pathogen, while most of the genotypes showed susceptible to moderately susceptible response. Moreover, the native residential microbiota associated with sugarcane exhibited great antifungal potential and can be utilized for disease protection and improved crop productivity. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47318737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetic, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Bioactive Peptides Extracted from the Germinated Seeds of Poncirus trifoliata","authors":"T. Mehmood","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1838","url":null,"abstract":"The seeds proteins are converted into the peptides during the germination through peptidases. These bioactive peptides are fractionated through the enzymes. The bioactive peptides are reported with the number of therapeutic effects like antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-cancerous and antihypertensive etc. Synthetic drugs have number of adverse effects along with the therapeutic effects, but natural sources are safer and free from this problem. In the present research, Poncirus trifoliata seedling peptides extracts were used to determine antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities. The peptides extract showed substantial growth of inhibition against pathogenic strains including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis having the superior effect as compared to amoxicillin antibiotic as a standard drug. The IC50 value of P. trifoliata seeds peptides extract was 32.91 μg mL-1 as compared with standard (IC50) value 25.52 μg mL-1 of ascorbic acid showed good potential as antioxidant activity. The extracted germinated seeds peptides showed considerable antidiabetic activity in controlling the blood glucose level of alloxan induced diabetic rabbits to compare with standard drugs like glibenclamide. Thus, this study confirmed the antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of P. trifoliata seeds peptides is significantly higher as compared to pure drugs. Therefore, further complete separation and detailed investigation study is needed to isolate target peptides and revealed mechanism of action of bioactive peptides and formulation as a drug to replace the synthetics drugs with safe one. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48735799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Antagonistic Bacillus and Biochar against Soybean Root Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum","authors":"Fan Yang","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1836","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean root rot is a worldwide soil-borne fungal disease threatening soybean production, causing huge losses in yield and quality of soybean. Fusarium species are well recognized as the important causal agent of Fusarium root rot. To screen the beneficial Bacillus strains with capability of suppressing soybean root rot and evaluate the impact of Bacillus combined with biochar against soybean root rot, a pot experiment was conducted with different treatments. In this study, as potential biological control measures, antagonistic Bacillus isolates and different types of biochar were added to soil separately and excellent antagonistic strains mixed with bamboo biochar were applied to the soil. The results showed that seven Bacillus strains promoted the growth of soybean seedlings and reduced root rot severity by 33 to 61%. Bacillus amylolique faciens NH2 was associated with the lowest incidence of soybean root rot, indicating its bio-control potential. The value of plant height, root length and plant dry weight of soybean in the sterilized soil mixed with biochar separately treatment were superior to those of soybean in the inoculated with pathogen treatment, especially the bamboo biochar treatment reduced soybean root rot caused by Fusarium significantly and which bio-control efficacy was 77.41%. The soybean plants shoot and root dry weights in the biochar mixed B. amylolique faciens NH2 or B. subtilis DBK treatments were increased by17.1, 10.7% and 19.51, 19.64%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the inoculated pathogen treatment. Compared to antagonistic strain or biochar individual treatments, the disease control efficiency on soybean root rot was up to 64.86% in NH2 strain mixed with bamboo biochar treatment, which reduced root rot severity significantly and showed a synergistic effect. These results suggest that antagonistic Bacillus strains mixed with biochar can be used as an effective alternative in managing soybean root rot. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41632334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal Effects against Phaeoisariopsis personata under Greenhouse Conditions and Phytochemical Analysis of Jatropha curcas Leaf Extracts","authors":"Magreth Francis","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1829","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to test the antifungal efficacy of J. curcas leaf extracts against Phaeoisariopsis personata (causal pathogen for groundnut late leaf spot disease) under in vivo conditions, and to identify important phytochemical constituents exhibiting antifungal properties. The results showed that the greatest reduction of late leaf spot disease incidence was achieved by all the Jatropha curcas leaf extracts at the highest concentration (0.5 mg mL-1) as 36.89, 36.59 and 24.67% for chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts, respectively. Subsequently, J. curcas leaf extracts treatments enhanced the growth and yield of groundnut compared with the control (untreated). The antifungal effects of J. curcas were supported by the presence of phytochemical constituents identified by GC-MS. Hexadecane; n-hexadecanoic acid; phenol, 2, 4 bis (-dimethylethyl); phytol and hexadecanoic methyl ester were detected as major phytocompounds in J. curcas leaf extracts that were possibly responsible for the antifungal activity. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45805851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Bacteria for Biosurfactants, Exopolysaccharides and Biofilms and their Impact on Growth Stimulation of Zea mays Grown under Petrol Stress","authors":"S. Habib","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1839","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental stress imposed by petroleum hydrocarbons can compensate by use of auxin-producing bacteria having potential for biosurfactants production, to assist improved plants’ growth in petrol contaminated areas. In the present work, four auxin-producing bacteria were screened for biosurfactants, exopolysaccharides (EPS) and biofilms production capability. We hypothesized that Enterobacter sp. (A5C) was the most efficient strain with respect to biosurfactant production and can accumulate EPS as well as biofilms. This strain was attributed to exhibit emulsification index, percentage of hydrophobicity and percentage of hydrocarbon degradation more than 50%. Also, it produced 9.27 mg of EPS per 100 mL of culture while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the presence of alcoholic and carboxylic groups, ketone and sugars in it. Results of in vitro plant microbe interaction assay revealed its potential to stimulate the growth of Zea mays L. plants under 1 and 2% of petrol stress by improving physio-chemical attributes of treated plants, over control. Thus, it is concluded that the test organism i.e., Enterobacter sp. (A5C) might be involved in developing bacterial community (EPS and biofilms) that helped to colonize the bacteria to the plant roots and soil particles that ultimately encouraged the more access to nutrients and protection of plant roots from toxins in soil ecosystem. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41677492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Phenotypic Analysis of Bread Wheat Varieties in Relation to Durable Rust Resistance","authors":"Anisa Intikhab","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1841","url":null,"abstract":"Global wheat production is constantly threatened by rust diseases. Identifying resistant genes is a useful tactic to control wheat rust pathogen. Twenty-six wheat varieties were screened with twelve Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers to detect rust resistant genes and the efficacy of genes was validated through field testing. The alleles Lr32, Lr39, Lr50, SrCad and SrWeb were not amplified in the varieties included in this study. The SSR markers indicated that the varieties viz., Chakwal-97, Bakhar-2002 and Lasani-2008 had a combination of 02 slow rusting alleles (Lr46/Yr29 and Yr18/Lr34). The adult plant resistance (APR) allele Yr17 was less prevalent and found only in BWL-97. However, Noshera-96 had a slow rusting combination of Lr67/Yr46 and Lr46/Yr46 alleles. The Lr46/Yr29 identified in 50% of the varieties, Yr18/Lr34 in 19.23%, Lr32 in 11.54%, and multiple APR alleles in 19.32%. Their resistance was validated through a field trap nursery for 3 consecutive seasons. The slow rusting combination of Lr46/Yr29 and Yr18/Lr34 was comparatively more effective than Lr67/Yr46 and Lr46/Yr29 alleles under field conditions. The varieties Yecora-70, Lylpure-73 and Tandojam-83 showed highly susceptible phenotype. The varieties Chakwal-86, Pirsabak-2005, Fareed-2006, and Sehar-2006 showed resistant to moderately resistant phenotype at high-temperature adult-plant stage. The cluster diagram divided the varieties into two distinct clades. The clade II depicted the abundance of APR allele Lr46/Yr29. The varieties contain valuable sources of durable rust resistant alleles that can be exploited to deploy rust resistance in future wheat cultivars. It has been observed that the varieties approved for commercial cultivation after 1990s and onwards contain APR alleles. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46756254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-Application of Farmyard Manure and Gypsum Improves Yield and Quality of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) under Rainfed Conditions","authors":"Rizwan Latif","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1828","url":null,"abstract":"Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the common cash crop of the rainfed areas. Appropriate management practices are very important to get better yield of peanut in sandy loam soil. A field study was carried out during the growing seasons of 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the effect of poultry manure (PM) (37.1 t ha-1), farmyard manure (FYM) (49.4 t ha-1), gypsum (GYP) (2.5 t ha-1), liquid humic acid (HA) (49.4 L ha-1) and co-application of GYP (1.2 t ha-1) and FYM (24.7 t ha-1) on peanut yield, quality and soil physical properties. Application of FYM, PM, HA and GYP (alone or in combination) significantly improved peanut yield, quality and soil physical properties. The combined application of GYP and FYM proved most effective (P ≤ 0.05) in improving the peanut yield (no. of pods per plant, 100 seed weight etc), quality (crude protein and oil content) and soil physical properties (moisture percentage, infiltration rate and bulk density). The combined application of GYP and FYM increased the pods yield by 67 and 65% during 2018 and 2019, respectively than control. Crude proteins (21%) and oil contents (9.0%) were also substantially increased in the combined application. Moreover, the combined application of GYP and FYM significantly retained the soil moisture and reduced bulk density of soil. Present findings suggest that integrated use of FYM and GYP under field conditions could improve the crop productivity, crude protein, oil contents, moisture percentage, and reduce the bulk density of soil thus improving overall soil health. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47137322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Salmonella typhimurium and Enteritidis Strains Isolated from Human, Food, and Environmental Samples of Broiler Meat Production Chain in Punjab","authors":"Shakera Sadiq","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1833","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health issue worldwide due to extensive use in agriculture, food, and veterinary medicine. The rate of antimicrobial resistance varies with different antibiotics and serotypes but Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is one of the most widespread serotypes which is comparatively more susceptible to antimicrobial resistance followed by S. Typhimurium. A total of 71 Salmonella strains (S. Typhimurium, n=45; S. Enteritidis, n=26) isolated from humans, food and the environment were used in the study. Both isolates were confirmed through PCR by targeting their specific spy and sdf genes respectively. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility against 10 antibiotics used. An exponentially high level of resistance was found in S. Typhimurium strains. The highest level of resistance was found against amoxicillin (97.78%) followed by tetracycline (95.56%), gentamicin (93.33%), trimethoprim (86.67%), streptomycin (84.44%), nalidixic acid (77.78%), sulphafurazole (64.44%), ampicillin (62.22%), chloramphenicol (46.67%) and least resistance was found against ciprofloxacin (31.11%). Four penta MDR (ACSSuT) and two tetra MDR (ASSuT) resistance patterns were found S. Typhimurium strains. In S. Enteritidis strains, a high level of resistance was found against sulphonamides and streptomycin (92.31%) with the least resistance against ciprofloxacin (11.54%). Two penta MDR (ACSSuT) and six tetra MDR (ASSuT) resistance patterns were found. The presence of high antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic S. Typhimurium and Enteritidis in the broiler meat production chain is alarming. Immediate action and appropriate measures are required to control over the counter and irrational use of antibiotics both in poultry and humans. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48136742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Root Tissue Membrane Proteins in Replanting Stress in Rehmannia glutinosa","authors":"Fa-jie Feng","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1842","url":null,"abstract":"The perennial herbaceous plant, Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, is one of traditional Chinese medicines with a long history of cultivation and medicinal use. However, in production of R. glutinosa, replanting disease severely affected its yield and medicinal quality. Replanting disease is the special stress including biotic and abiotic factors. The membrane proteins system plays the important role in process of plants responding to stress factors. In this study, the differentially expressed root tissue membrane proteins between first planted and replanted R. glutinosa were identified through the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). As a result, the membrane protein extraction kit could highly effectively extract the membrane proteins from R. glutinosa root tissue. A total of 698 differential membrane proteins between first planted and replanted R. glutinosa were obtained. Functional analysis revealed that the differential membrane proteins were involved in various metabolic pathways, including transport and breakdown, signal transduction, membrane trafficking and environmental response. Two important molecular events that occurred in cellular membrane of replanted R. glutinosa including the imbalance of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) metabolism and immune response were identified in this study. When replanted R. glutinosa plants faced the complex environment factors in rhizosphere, the proteins located in cellular membrane were often first activated to response to stress stimulus, resulted in the upregulated expression of a large number of LRR-RLKs (Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases) receptor proteins. Meanwhile, the Ca2+ signal proteins and related receptor proteins transmitted and responded to the replanting stress, which induced severe oxidative stress response in the cell membrane of R. glutinosa, membrane peroxidation, intracellular signal disorder, and eventually produce replanting disease. Our findings provided the theoretical and data foundation for elucidating the key mechanisms associated with replanting stress. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}