International Journal of Agriculture and Biology最新文献_第5页

Seagrass Debris as Source of Fiber and Bioactive Compounds in Feed for Dairy Goats 海草碎屑作为奶山羊饲料中纤维和生物活性化合物的来源

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1888

Y. Hachana

{"title":"Seagrass Debris as Source of Fiber and Bioactive Compounds in Feed for Dairy Goats","authors":"Y. Hachana","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1888","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change has severely affected rainfall regularity, limiting grass growth and thus fodder availability. Finding unconventional resources has become a challenge for small and medium breeders to feed their livestock. The objective of this study is to determine whether the use of marine plant debris, Posidonia oceanica, as total or partial replacement of oat hay in alpine goat diets will affect or not milk yield and quality. The sea grass was characterized according to the sampling site. Chemical and phytochemical analysis revealed significantly higher levels of dry matter, minerals, total polyphenols and carotenoids in P. oceanica on banquettes than in floating Posidonia. The condensed tannin content was almost the same for both sites. Partial or total replacement of oat hay by P. oceanica in alpine goat rations significantly increased milk production and milk fat content, while somatic cell count decreased significantly. In addition, P. oceanica significantly enhanced milk biochemical composition by increasing flavonoid and total phenol contents. However, protein, lactose and freezing point parameters were not affected. Sensory analysis revealed substantial improvement in the organoleptic quality of P. oceanica fed goats’ milk compared to the other group, which was highly appreciated by most of the panelists. The seagrass P. ocanica could therefore be a safe solution to improve fodder availability for small and medium breeders, reduce production costs and increase milk market value. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42918667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Luwak (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) Gastrointestinal Tract Luwak（Paradourus hermachroditus）胃肠道乳酸菌的鉴定

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1887

fitriyana fitri

{"title":"Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Luwak (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) Gastrointestinal Tract","authors":"fitriyana fitri","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1887","url":null,"abstract":"Luwak is a mammal that is widely cultivated to produce luwak coffee. Luwak coffee is a rare and one of the world's most expensive coffees from Indonesia. Numerous enzymes and microorganisms, many of which are lactic acid bacteria, contribute to the production of the coffee aroma. This research aims to identify lactic acid bacteria from luwak digestion accurately down to the species level. The parameters tested in this study were Gram staining, bacterial resistance to acid, bacterial resistance to bile salts, and genotypic identification of isolates using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. The results found that US1, FS3, FS4 and FS6 were identified as Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, US2 and US3 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, FS2 was identified as Weissella cibaria and FS5 was identified as Staphylococcus haemolyticus. All of these isolates were included in Gram-positive based on the results of Gram staining. However, among the 8 isolates obtained, one isolate, namely FS5 (S. haemolyticus), was not a lactic acid bacterium, but a pathogenic bacterium. This information can be used for the development of luwak origin bacteria for in vitro coffee fermentation purposes. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42427145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Depletion and Distribution Studies for Oxytetracycline in Broiler Chicken using Commercial ELISA with Subsequent Confirmatory Analysis by HPLC-UV 应用商用酶联免疫吸附试验研究土霉素在肉鸡体内的消耗和分布，并辅以HPLC-UV验证分析

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1890

Mehwish Mumtaz

{"title":"Depletion and Distribution Studies for Oxytetracycline in Broiler Chicken using Commercial ELISA with Subsequent Confirmatory Analysis by HPLC-UV","authors":"Mehwish Mumtaz","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1890","url":null,"abstract":"Tetracyclines are commonly used in livestock for the treatment of various diseases. Their residues above the maximum residual limit-MRL (200 μg kg-1) can cause health hazard issues not only in humans but also in animals. For this purpose, efforts were made to study distribution and depletion profile of Oxytetracycline in broiler chicken by ELISA and HPLC. Regarding this, an experiment was conducted on healthy chickens of average weight 600 ± 20 g. Six broiler chickens were treated with formulation (OXTRA L.A.) containing Oxytetracycline dehydrate @20 ppk solution (150 μL) equivalents to recommended dose 20 mg kg-1 through intramuscular route, while control birds were untreated. Treated chickens were slaughtered at an interval of 1, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 120 h. Different tissue samples including liver, kidney, thigh and chest muscles were collected and screened by ELISA (Cat No. 5091TC, Euro Proxima). Lowest detection limit (IC20) was calculated as 0.12 ng mL-1 and middle of the test (IC50) 0.5 ng mL-1 with recovery 75 to 86%. Reverse phase liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) method was also standardized by using range of standards from 25 to 200 μg kg-1. Calibration curve showed good response with correlation coefficient (R2) 0.9727 and recovery 85 to 93%. Overall, withdrawal period (< MRL) in all tissue samples was calculated as 117 h (4.8 days) by ELISA while 128 h (5 days) by HPLC-UV. Both validated methods can be further utilized to generate reliable data for food safety measures in Pakistan to enhance international trade. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45354647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Betaine on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemical Profile of Nili-Ravi Buffalo Calves 饲粮中添加甜菜碱对尼利-拉维水牛犊牛生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1885

Z. Hussain

{"title":"Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Betaine on Growth Performance and Blood Biochemical Profile of Nili-Ravi Buffalo Calves","authors":"Z. Hussain","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1885","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the effect of betaine supplementation on production performance and blood biochemical parameters in calves. Sixty Nili-Ravi calves were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, which received a total mixed ration (TMR) without betaine and three experimental groups that received TMR blended with 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6% betaine for 8 weeks. Feed and water intake was recorded daily and production performance parameters were recorded on weekly basis. Blood samples were collected weekly and at the end of the experiment. The results showed that feeding betaine to calves increased dry matter intake, body weight gain and average daily gain (P < 0.001). Dietary addition of 0.6% betaine improved feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01). Plasma cortisol, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde levels were positively affected (P < 0.05) by betaine supplementation as compared to the control group; however, it caused HSP70 levels to decrease (P < 0.05). The results indicated that supplementing betaine to the diet of Nili-Ravi calves enhanced growth performance and improved their antioxidant status. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42534794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced Growth and Drought Resistance in Seedlings of Acacia tortilis due to Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi and Bacillus subtilis 丛枝菌根真菌和枯草芽孢杆菌接种提高玉米Acacia幼苗生长和抗旱性

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1891

Abdelmalik M Abdelmalik

{"title":"Enhanced Growth and Drought Resistance in Seedlings of Acacia tortilis due to Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi and Bacillus subtilis","authors":"Abdelmalik M Abdelmalik","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1891","url":null,"abstract":"A shade house experiment was conducted in Saudi Arabia to evaluate the impact of a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) namely Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices and Claroideoglomus etunicatum, a bacterium Bacillus subtilis, and their combinations on the growth and drought resistance potential of Acacia torilis seedlings under moderate and water deficit-stress. Thus, inoculants treatments (AMF, Bacillus subtilis, AMF+Bacillus, and control) and several watering intervals (1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) were applied. Inoculation of AMF and Bacillus to A. tortilis seedlings found effective in terms of improved seedling growth. AMF and combined inoculation resulted in a larger shoot (shoot fresh and dry weights, seedling height, leaf number, leaf area) and root development (root fresh and dry weights, root length, root surface area, and root volume) as compared to the non-inoculated seedlings. Single inoculants of B. subtilis, showed better improvement in 1- and 2-week watering intervals compared to the control. Inoculated seedlings showed lower proline accumulation than non-inoculated seedlings, and thus improved seedling resistance to water deficit-stress. Mycorrhizal and mixed inoculation enhanced the amount of chlorophyll in the seedling’s leaves. Furthermore, seedlings with AMF and co-inoculants showed better drought tolerance even at 3- and 4-week watering intervals. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44453431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chemical Investigations on Algerian Mentha rotundifolia and Myrtus communis Essential Oils and Assessment of their Insecticidal and Antifungal Activities 阿尔及利亚圆叶薄荷和杨梅精油的化学研究及其杀虫和抗真菌活性评价

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1881

Ghozlene Aouadi

{"title":"Chemical Investigations on Algerian Mentha rotundifolia and Myrtus communis Essential Oils and Assessment of their Insecticidal and Antifungal Activities","authors":"Ghozlene Aouadi","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1881","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to assess in vitro insecticidal and antifungal activities of Mentha rotundifolia and Myrtus communis essential oils against the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and three fungal species (Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium solani and Colletotrichum acutatum). Oxygenated monoterpenes presented the dominant group with 72.94 and 58.92% respectively for M. rotundifolia and M. communis essential oils. M. rotundifolia and M. communis essential oils composition was dominated by 72.94 and 58.92% of oxygenated monoterpenes, respectively. The determined lethal concentrations of mentha essential oils against T. castaneum adults revealed high toxicity respectively for fumigant and contact tests, LC50 = 0.113 μL cm-2 and LC50 = 32.71 μL L-1 air. However, common myrtle oil showed a weak fumigant activity (LC50 = 357.67 μL L-1 air) and no contact toxicity. Furthermore, M. rotundifolia essential oil showed a marked antifungal toxicity against all the fungal strains. The mycelial growth of the three fungal strains was completely inhibited at the concentrations of 0.33 μL L-1 by contact application and 8, 10 and 12 μL by fumigant application. M. communis essential oil displayed only a contact antifungal toxicity against B. cinerea at the concentration 21.33 μL L-1. Additionally, M. rotundifolia completely inhibited conidial germination of B. cinerea and F. solani, and significantly affected their morphology, with morphological modifications at the rate of 92.94 and 51.11% respectively. In light of in vitro tests results, the mentha essential oil appeared to be an excellent source of antifungal and insecticidal components and will allow the potential development of this species in the biological control of several pests and fungal diseases. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49469023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Heterologous Expression of chi42 Gene from Trichoderma asperellum in Bacillus subtilis 木霉chi42基因在枯草芽孢杆菌中的异源表达

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1883

Nguyen Hoang Tue

引用次数: 0

Volatile Organic Compounds of some Antagonists against Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a Pathogen of Coconut 椰子致病菌可可枯病几种拮抗剂挥发性有机物的研究

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1889

Appusami Sudha

{"title":"Volatile Organic Compounds of some Antagonists against Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a Pathogen of Coconut","authors":"Appusami Sudha","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1889","url":null,"abstract":"Biocontrol agents are the potential microbes and used for the control of aerial and soil-borne pathogens present in all crops. An attempt was made on identification, morphological and molecular characterization of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, a pathogen causing disease in nuts and leaves of coconut. A virulent isolate Lasiodiplodia theobromae L26 was selected based on the growth parameters and pycnidiospore production. Three efficient biocontrol agents (BCAs) namely Trichoderma asperellum, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces rochei, were selected for in vitro studies. Among these, T. asperellum showed a significantly higher percentage of inhibition (81%) in dual culture assay against L26. The inhibition was also confirmed in light microscopic observation, the mycelium of L26 was distorted, lysis of cell wall during the interaction. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from BCAs inhibited the fungal growth of L26 by 59.61–47.03% in sealed plate method. Solid-phase microextraction GC-MS analysis revealed numerous new VOCs compounds emitted from the BCAs, whereas the dominant compound was identified as peptaibols, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-piperidinone. The strength of peaks of these compounds augmented during the interaction of BCAs with L26, the peak intensity for terpenoids was the predominant class, followed by phenols and heterocyclic organic compound. Crude metabolite (75 μL) of each antagonist tested through agar well method against L26 and showed a complete inhibition. This study demonstrated the ability of BCAs to produce volatile and nonvolatile antifungal compounds, showing that there could a major mechanism involved in and that will be responsible for the successful inhibition of L26 under in vitro. In future combination of these three strains as commercial formulation may be a better management practices for leaf blight and malformation of nuts in coconut. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43883099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Responses of Tomato to Rhizoctonia solani Infection under the Salinity Stress 盐胁迫下番茄对茄根丝核菌侵染的响应

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1886

Angham A Mustafa

{"title":"Responses of Tomato to Rhizoctonia solani Infection under the Salinity Stress","authors":"Angham A Mustafa","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1886","url":null,"abstract":"Ten isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhen were obtained from the roots and crown of different cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The phenotypic and microscopic characteristics of these isolates were examined. The pathogenicity of each isolate to tomato seedlings was evaluated via a pot experiment. Results showed that the isolates had varying pathogenicity. Ten isolates were identified, four of which exhibited severe pathogenicity. The effects of three salinity levels (2, 6 and 12 dS m-1 NaCl) on fungal growth, and the effects of the interaction between pathogenicity and these salinity levels on the germination indicators, phenotypic growth and biochemical characteristics of three varieties of tomato, namely, Salimah, Bushra and Yassamen both in the field and the laboratory were assessed. The combined stress of the pathogenic fungus R. solani with the increase in NaCl concentration had a stronger pathogenicity to the tomato plant than individual stress alone. As a result, the germination indicators and all phenotypic traits of the plants substantially decreased. As salt concentration increased, the contents of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll decreased. By contrast, the contents of carotenoids and anthocyanins increased and those of carbohydrates and proline in the leaves considerably increased. Analysis of the interactions between the R. solani treatments and the salinity levels revealed a strong correlation between the salinity levels and H2O2 accumulation. Our findings proved that the pathological effect of R. solani was observed to be more significant on tomato varieties under salinity treatments. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42692616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phylogenetic Analysis of Endemic Fish from the Maros Karst Region, South Sulawesi, Indonesia 印度尼西亚南苏拉威西马罗斯喀斯特地区特有鱼类的系统发育分析

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1880

S. A. Andy Omar

{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of Endemic Fish from the Maros Karst Region, South Sulawesi, Indonesia","authors":"S. A. Andy Omar","doi":"10.17957/ijab/15.1880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1880","url":null,"abstract":"The Maros Karst is known for having a unique geomorphological structure with a diversity of endemic flora and fauna. The hydrology of this karst area is generally dominated by underground rivers with various freshwater ecosystems, which are generally dominated by endemic fish typical to Sulawesi. This study aims at identifying endemic fish of Maros Karst rivers using morphological and phylogenetic analysis as the baseline for further endemic fish conservation. Morphological analysis was done by comparing fish samples’ morphological characteristics with those from fish taxonomy references. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis with the target gene Cytochrome C oxidase 1 (CO1). The results showed there are five endemic fish species from four families and three orders from the Maros Karst area with a genetic distance value between 0.0 to 0.275. These species make particular adaptations both morphologically and genetically to the karst ecosystem. However, it is necessary to understand the evolution of these fishes to establish effective conservation measures. Therefore, it is necessary to have a management strategy to ensure the sustainability of endemic fish populations and as well as the sustainability of the karst ecosystem as a whole. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers","PeriodicalId":13769,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42249898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0