International Journal of Bioassays最新文献

{"title":"Quality Improvement of the DNA extracted by boiling method in Gram negative bacteria","authors":"O. Ahmed, Anas S. Dablool","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2017.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2017.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"Several methods of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction have been applied to extract bacterial DNA. The amount and the quality of the DNA obtained for each one of those methods are variable. The study aimed to evaluate bacterial DNA extraction using conventional boiling method followed by alcohol precipitation . DNA extraction from Gram negative bacilli was extracted and precipitated using boiling method with further precipitation by ethanol. The extraction procedure performed using the boiling method resulted in high DNA yields for both E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteria in (199.7 and 285.7μg/ml, respectively) which was close to control method (229.3 and 440.3μg/ml). It was concluded that after alcohol precipitation boiling procedure was easy, cost-effective, and applicable for high-yield quality of DNA in Gram-negative bacteria.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"35 1","pages":"5347-5349"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84011695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of extraction efficiency of various methods to extract L-DOPA from Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.","authors":"Ragni N. Vora, A. Joshi, N. Joshi","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2017.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2017.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Mucuna pruriens seeds are noted to be a natural source of L-DOPA and are also used as a substitute for the synthetic L-DOPA. In the present study; attempts are made to develop suitable method(s) for extraction of L-DOPA from the powdered seeds of Mucuna pruriens using different solvents and conditions. The Seed powder was subjected to 7 different extraction methods and Method 1 was subjected to various solvent concentrations. Some methods used de-fatting procedure, either the method was cold maceration or in high temperature. Soxhlet extraction was also used in one of the extraction methods. All the extracts were analyzed using RP-HPLC. Mobile Phase used was Water: Methanol: AcetoNitrile (100:60:40) (v/v) containing 0.2% Triethylamine, pH = 3.3 and monitored at 280 nm with variable wavelength UV detector. The extraction was best with Methanol Water mixture in a cold maceration technique and overall gives good extraction efficiency of 13.36 % L-DOPA and id the best method giving highest extraction efficiency. The De-fatting method was the 2 nd best methods giving approximately 8.8% L-DOPA and Method 5 viz, heat reflux method gives 8.7% L-DOPA making it the 3 rd best method. There are not many studies done for optimization of extraction technique for L-DOPA despite an extensive work is reported for isolation, identification and pharmacological activities of L-DOPA from various plant sources. Keeping this in view, present investigation was done to study the extraction efficiency of various extraction methods of L-DOPA content in seed extracts of Mucuna pruriens and compare it.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"86 1","pages":"5343-5346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81456548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients from Central India.","authors":"Sonali Trivedi, Hetal Rudani, Subodh K. Kirolokar","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2017.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2017.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with COPD is high and potentially essential. To study prevalence and various risk factors contributing to osteoporosis in COPD patients. The present study is prospective cross sectional study carried out on 80 stable COPD patients attending tertiary care hospital in central India. After taking written consent & detailed clinical history consisting questionnaire about the risk factors, spirometry was done to stage the severity of COPD. DEXA scan of whole body was performed using fan beam X-ray bone densitometer to determine osteoporosis. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between COPD and osteoporosis. Univariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for developing osteoporosis. In the present study, the overall prevalence of low BMD was found to be 92.5% in COPD patients showing equal prevalence (46.25%) for osteoporosis and osteopenia. The duration & severity of disease along with steroid intake were found to be risk factors of osteoporosis in univariate analysis with risk ratio of 1.32 (95% CI 1.06-1.64), 1.75 (1.11-2.75) and 1.40 (1.00-1.97) respectively (p value <0.05). The prevalence of low BMD was very high in COPD patients at a tertiary care hospital of central India. Duration & severity of disease along with steroid intake were found to be risk factor for osteoporosis in univariate analysis.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"5 1","pages":"5350-5354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88850160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of antibiotic resistance and enterotoxigenic potential of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from foods sold by street vendors in Gaborone, Botswana","authors":"Thabang Carol Sigwele, Baemedi Letsholo, Nkosi Ndabambi, Tidimalo Coetzee, Kabo Wale, K. Khare, Daniel Loeto","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2017.04.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2017.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus is one of the causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. Staphylococcal food poisoning ensues after ingestion of contaminated food and results in symptoms of gastroenteritis such as vomiting, abdominal cramps and diarrhea. The present paper aims to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from foods sold by street vendors in Gaborone, Botswana, and to determine its enterotoxigenic potential and antibiotic resistance profile. One hundred eight food samples comprising starch, meat, salads and vegetables portions were collected from these vendors and tested for the presence of S. aureus. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus to the species level was performed using the Vitek 2 automated identification and susceptibility testing system (BioMerieux, Marcy-I’Etoile, France). Enterotoxins were detected by the Reversed Passive Latex Agglutination method (SET-RPLA). Results showed that 49 (45%) of the samples tested positive for Staphylococcus aureus . The organism was isolated at higher frequencies in vegetables and starchy foods (34.7%) than in meats (30.6%). These differences in isolation rates however, were not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Staphylococcus aureus isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin G (52.4%), tetracycline (38.1%), methicillin (26.2%) and vancomycin (11.9%). Four Staphylococcal enterotoxin types A-D, were detected among the isolates. Staphylococcal enterotoxin D was the most prevalent (52.9%), while enterotoxin C was produced by the least number of isolates (5.9%). Of note, five isolates simultaneously expressed two or more enterotoxin types in varying combinations. The present study underscores a potential risk of staphylococcal food poisoning and transmission of methicillin resistant S. aueus strains for consumers of street vended food products in Gaborone, Botswana especially in the absence of a quality assurance regulatory framework. As a mitigating factor, sensitization of street food vendors on the importance of food and personal hygiene is strongly recommended.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"1 1","pages":"5334-5339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75394176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malnutrition and its related factors among children 0-5 years in rural Shamirpet mandal, Ranga reddy district, India.","authors":"M. Varma, S. Prasad","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2017.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2017.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of malnutrition and hunger has threatened mankind in the past and present. It is of international concern. To determine the association between prevalence of undernutrition, socio-demographic and maternal characteristics. It is a cross sectional study.400 children were examined for their weights and heights. Information is collected regarding the risk factors which are usually associated with undernutrition. The relevant information was recorded from each village of the mandal according to probability proportion to size. Significant association has been found with birth weight, birth interval and maternal occupation. Health education of parents regarding importance of ante-natal check-ups, proper birth spacing is essential.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"341 1","pages":"5340-5342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79542522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous extract of Acalypha indica leaves for the treatment of Psoriasis: In-vitro studies","authors":"R. Banala, S. Vemuri, A. G. Reddy, Subbaiah G.P.V.","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2017.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2017.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by rapid proliferation of keratinocytes and incomplete keratinization. Discovery of safer and more effective anti-psoriatic drugs remains an area of active research at the present time. A431 and B16-F10 cell lines were used as in vitro models. In the present study, we aimed at assessing the Anti-psoriatic activity of aqueous extract of Acalypha indica . We analyzed the efficiency of A. indica leaf extract in inducing cell death and apoptosis in these cell lines. The cell death (Propidium iodide) and apoptosis (Annexin V) was assessed by fluorescence studies and we observed 80% of cell death and 75% of apoptosis in both cell lines. Therefore, this in vitro study suggested that the leaf extract is capable of serving as anti-psoriasis agent or compound.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"52 73 1","pages":"5360-5364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80419562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric measurement of Dutch clarias fed with bambara nut and coconut chaff.","authors":"N. L. Chinakwe, R. Solomon","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2017.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2017.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"The length weight relationship and diet of Dutch Clarias was investigated in the University of Abuja, permanent site. 60 Dutch Clarias (fingerlings) of weight 0-20g and length (0-10cm) were grouped into three replicated tank, and fed for twelve weeks with a local formulated feed (Bambara nut and Coconut Chaff) and Coppen. Tank A had Coppen feeds which served as the control with a 42% crude protein, 13% Carbohydrate, 29% crude fibre, and 8% Ash, while Tank B has 42.25% protein, 48.41% Carbohydrate, 1.9% crude fibre, and 2.9% Ash, 10.8% crude lipid and 9.40% moist, fed Bambara nut and Coconut chaff at a ratio of 70to 30%. Tank C was served Bambara nut and Coconut chaff at a ratio of 30 to 70%, with an analysis of 42.18% crude protein, 58.37% Carbohydrate, 10.80% crude lipid, and 2.45% Ash, 0.5% crude fibre. Body and were fed 4% body weight twice daily (6 to 8 am, and 6 to 9pm). Their total weight and length were measured weekly and converted into log to calculate the relationship between them. Treatment A had a significant growth (p<0.05), followed by Tank B and C subsequently.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"12 1","pages":"5269-5277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80810821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive outcomes of fertility sparing surgeries in germ cell tumours","authors":"Ujwala Prakash Wakpaijan","doi":"10.21746/ijbio.2017.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2017.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the study is to observe the reproductive outcome in patient of germ cell tumour after fertility preserving surgery. In which retrospective records of patients diagnosed with malignant GCT in young patients treated with fertility sparing surgery and chemotherapy for ten years from 2000 to 2009. From the careful observations concluded the overall survival with the patients treated with fertility sparing surgery is excellent and the reproductive outcome is more or less equivalent to the general population of same age group.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"32 1","pages":"5266-5268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83495817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of F1 progeny for selection of superior hybrids in mulberry (Morus spp.) - A simple approach Part II: Screening of transplants in relation to seedling size","authors":"D. Shafiei, Basavaiah","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2017.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2017.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"In continuation of studies on the effect of seed size on growth, made under part-I, the effect of seed size and seedling size are studied jointly by size-grading of seedlings into three classes under each seed-size class, with 2700 F1 promising genotypes of two crosses. The combined population was screened in two steps, adopting comparison tree method. In step-1, transplanted seedlings (transplants) with closer spacing were screened based on shoot weight for a period of two crops and 487 genotypes were shortlisted based on higher superiority percent. In step-2, these 487 transplants were replanted with wider spacing and screened using three parameters for a period of four crops. In each crop, the genotypes which showed superiority percent value more than Minimum Selection Standard for the parameters studied, were shortlisted. Among 22 genotypes shortlisted finally, 18 have come from large seed-size class and the remaining four are also from long seedling-size class of medium seed-size class. This clearly established the importance of size-grading of seeds and seedlings in screening process. As the chance of getting any promising genotype from small seeds is remote, they could be rejected before sowing and as it is also true with small seedlings they could be rejected at nursery stage screening. The tracking of juvenile performance of shortlisted genotypes indicated that, shoot length and root collar diameter are more reliable parameters for assessing the growth of seedlings at nursery. Comparison tree method is found to be highly useful for shortlisting of transplants in mulberry.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"48 1","pages":"5256-5259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78594333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of salinization on health benefits of fenugreek seedlings","authors":"Bardees M. Mickky, M. Abbas, Nada Mohamed Sameh","doi":"10.21746/IJBIO.2017.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21746/IJBIO.2017.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"The current investigation was conducted to evaluate the potency of salinity to enhance the nutraceutical properties of fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seedlings. Gradual doses of NaCl solution (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) were applied and the nutritional value of seedlings was determined 2 and 5 days’ post- germination. Moreover, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity along with the phenolic content of the considered seedlings were assessed. The obtained results manifested that salt application to different levels could increase the amount of protein, N, Zn and Cu in the 2- and 5- day old seedlings. Salinity could also raise the amount of vitamin C, B1, B2 and B9 but only in one stage. Conversely, the amount of reducing, non- reducing and total sugars as well as that of Fe declined under stress. Compared with their unsalted synonyms, water and methanolic extracts of salt- treated fenugreek seedlings had higher H 2 O 2 - scavenging activity in the two stages, while their reducing power and free radicles- scavenging activities were promoted in the second stage only. Regarding the antimicrobial activity, water and methanolic extracts of the stressed seedlings generally exhibited better antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic microbes especially Erwinia carotovora , Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans . Only in the second stage, most of the employed salt concentrations increased the titer of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and total phenols in the aqueous and alcoholic extracts. Therefore, it is recommended to salinize young fenugreek seedlings to improve its health benefits in a simple, low- cost and low- risk approach.","PeriodicalId":13765,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Bioassays","volume":"2011 1","pages":"5245-5255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82596101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}