International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives最新文献

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Effect of adhesion promoters on rheokinetics and roll peel strength of electrical steel stacks 附着力促进剂对电工钢堆垛流变动力学和轧辊剥离强度的影响
IF 3.2 3区 材料科学
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103789
Cornelia Marchfelder, Robert Pugstaller, Gernot M. Wallner
{"title":"Effect of adhesion promoters on rheokinetics and roll peel strength of electrical steel stacks","authors":"Cornelia Marchfelder,&nbsp;Robert Pugstaller,&nbsp;Gernot M. Wallner","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epoxy varnishes for stacked electrical steel are of high relevance for renewable energy and electric mobility technologies. Water-borne epoxy varnish systems are still under development, especially with regards to the improvement of the adherence to the steel substrate. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential of low molar mass, silane-based adhesion promoters (AP) with amine or glycidyl functional groups as to their effect on the crosslinking kinetics of coatings and the mechanical performance of electrical steel laminates.</p><p>Model formulations with different types and contents of silane AP or in combination with a pre-crosslinker were based on a Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, a dicyandiamide (DICY) crosslinking agent and an emulsifier. The amount of water was fixed to 45 m%. Model varnishes were prepared by shear emulsification at elevated temperatures. Varnishes were applied onto electrical steel sheets and partly crosslinked to the B-stage. Finally, coated steel sheets were stacked and laminated in a heated press.</p><p>To examine the crosslinking kinetics under non-isothermal conditions, rheokinetic measurements were performed. While the curing onset temperature of formulations with amine-based AP dropped by ∼10 °C, the effect of the epoxysilane AP was less pronounced (drop by ∼5 °C). Pre-conditioning of the varnishes in A-stage revealed a further reduction of the curing onset temperature associated with significantly higher initial viscosity. This was a clear indication for pronounced pre-crosslinking in A-stage and hence, a limited shelf life of silane-modified varnishes. The glass transition range in the fully cured state was solely affected by the diamine-based AP. Interestingly, the investigated low molar mass silane APs had no significant positive effect on the roll peel strength of the laminates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 103789"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging technologies on developing high-performance and environmentally friendly carbohydrate-based adhesives for wood bonding 开发用于木材粘合的高性能环保型碳水化合物基粘合剂的新兴技术
IF 3.2 3区 材料科学
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103801
Awaly Ilham Dewantoro , Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis , Desy Nurliasari , Efri Mardawati
{"title":"Emerging technologies on developing high-performance and environmentally friendly carbohydrate-based adhesives for wood bonding","authors":"Awaly Ilham Dewantoro ,&nbsp;Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis ,&nbsp;Desy Nurliasari ,&nbsp;Efri Mardawati","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adhesive market is predominantly supplied by carcinogenic and environmentally toxic petroleum-based adhesives including formaldehyde and isocyanate. Environmental awareness has led to the development of bio-based adhesives such as lignin, proteins, and carbohydrates to replace the extensive use of petroleum-based adhesives. Carbohydrates or polysaccharides are promising materials because they are inexpensive and abundant in nature. A bibliometric analysis and systematic review were then used to discuss the most recent developments in carbohydrate-based adhesives. Methodi Ordinatio has been applied to gathering data from the Scopus database for the period of 2005–2024. Different types of carbohydrates were examined, including cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, chitosan, and sugars, which have grown significantly since 2014. Although carbohydrates are extensively applied in plywood, pulp and paper, particleboard, and wood composites, they should be modified to improve their properties because of their low water solubility and poor water resistance. Chemical modification, which includes crosslinking, esterification, and oxidation, is the most commonly used method. The development of each type of carbohydrate as a raw material for wood adhesives is thoroughly discussed. Modified carbohydrates should be blended with additives, such as glyoxal, tannin, formic acid, or citric acid, to improve adhesion performance, especially shear strength, water resistance, and curing (in terms of temperature and time). The future development of carbohydrate-based adhesives has been outlined, including material substitutions related to food supply and security issues, carbon footprint, circular economy implementation, and techno-economic analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 103801"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141847416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nano coating containing SiO2 nanoparticles with non-stick properties for easy peeling of car paint from mild steel surfaces 含有二氧化硅纳米颗粒的纳米涂层具有不粘性,可轻松从低碳钢表面剥离汽车油漆
IF 3.2 3区 材料科学
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103800
Fahimeh Farid Shayegan , Reza Babaei , Alireza Mizban
{"title":"Nano coating containing SiO2 nanoparticles with non-stick properties for easy peeling of car paint from mild steel surfaces","authors":"Fahimeh Farid Shayegan ,&nbsp;Reza Babaei ,&nbsp;Alireza Mizban","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-stick latex coating enhanced with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs) showed promising peeling properties. In order to see the effect of SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs, coatings with and without SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs applied on pieces of a hollow section mild steel beam as substrate. The grain size, crystal phase structure, specific surface area (SSA) and pore size distribution of the SiO<sub>2</sub> NPs was determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to observe the surface morphology and composition of the coated samples. The contact angle was measured for three different liquids on the surface of the samples namely, 1-bromonaphthalene (nonpolar), formamide and distilled water (polar) in order to calculate the surface energies per unit area and hysteresis contact angles. The result showed that adding SiO2 NPs increases the hydrophobicity and decreases the surface energy of the surface. One of the applications of such a coating is to protect the surface from paint sticking to it. For this purpose, the coating with and without SiO2 NPs is applied on a mild steel substrate and then painted by resin-based automotive paint. The pull off test showed that the adhesion is reduced by addition of SiO2 NPs. In addition, to see this application in industry, the coating with SiO2 NPs is applied to a skid and placed in the painting line of an automotive factory for 12 working days. After removing from the line, the coating and the paint on it were easily peeled from the skid either manually with a spatula or by a water jet cleaning machine (100 bar at spraying angle of 45°) compared to a bare skid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 103800"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141843440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inverse estimation of tensile shear strength from fracture surface images using deep learning 利用深度学习从断裂面图像反向估算拉伸剪切强度
IF 3.2 3区 材料科学
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103784
Kazumasa Shimamoto, Haruhisa Akiyama
{"title":"Inverse estimation of tensile shear strength from fracture surface images using deep learning","authors":"Kazumasa Shimamoto,&nbsp;Haruhisa Akiyama","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To improve the long-term durability of adhesive joints, it is important to analyse the fracture surface and identify the fracture factors. Although conventional optical observation methods are simple and widely used, they were limited to qualitative discussions. In this study, an inverse estimation method utilising deep learning was investigated to clarify the quantitative relationship between the tensile shear strength and the fracture surface of single lap joints immersed in water. The deep learning analysis revealed that the tensile shear strength could be estimated from the fracture surface images with very high accuracy, indicating a strong quantitative correlation between the fracture surface images and the residual tensile shear strength. Grad-CAM indicated that the deep learning model could estimate the residual tensile shear strength by observing from the topology and colour of the remaining adhesive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 103784"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143749624001660/pdfft?md5=c491fedfcc11219de74e0eda84db5d30&pid=1-s2.0-S0143749624001660-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental investigation of moisture penetration in adhesive layers under varying bonding conditions using near-infrared spectroscopy 利用近红外光谱对不同粘合条件下水分在粘合剂层中的渗透情况进行实验研究
IF 3.2 3区 材料科学
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103792
Jin-Woo Han , Yu Sekiguchi , Kazumasa Shimamoto , Haruhisa Akiyama , Chiaki Sato
{"title":"Experimental investigation of moisture penetration in adhesive layers under varying bonding conditions using near-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Jin-Woo Han ,&nbsp;Yu Sekiguchi ,&nbsp;Kazumasa Shimamoto ,&nbsp;Haruhisa Akiyama ,&nbsp;Chiaki Sato","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanical properties of adhesive joints are affected by the moisture content, making it necessary to understand the moisture diffusion behavior in the adhesive layer. The diffusion coefficient of the bulk material is generally used in the numerical calculation of the penetration distance; however, the joint strength often decreases beyond the expected value. Therefore, it is believed that moisture penetrates much faster in the adhesive layer than in the bulk, although there have been no direct observations of this behavior. In this study, the effects of the adhesive thickness and surface wettability of the substrate on moisture penetration into the layer were investigated. Near-infrared spectroscopy was applied to non-destructively reveal the in-plane moisture distribution in the adhesive layer. The moisture distribution in the adhesive layer sandwiched between quartz glasses was monitored for six weeks by immersing it in room-temperature water. Two adhesive layers with different thicknesses (0.3 and 0.1 mm) were prepared, and it was revealed that the thinner the adhesive layer, the faster the moisture diffusion. A numerical analysis based on Fick's law showed that the diffusion coefficient of a 0.1 mm-thick adhesive layer was approximately 1.6 times greater than that of the bulk. In addition, the different surface wettability resulted in a change in the diffusion behavior at the corners of the adhesive layer, although there was little difference in the case of unidirectional penetration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 103792"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014374962400174X/pdfft?md5=3ab3342d741e681aee501f5d7274e778&pid=1-s2.0-S014374962400174X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141732302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integrating PZT-based WP and EMI techniques with multi-criteria analysis for monitoring and assessment of mechanical properties of structural adhesives under curing 将基于 PZT 的 WP 和 EMI 技术与多标准分析相结合,监测和评估固化中结构粘合剂的机械性能
IF 3.2 3区 材料科学
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103796
Jun Deng, Yang Qin, Xiaoda Li, Weian Mao, Dong Guo
{"title":"Integrating PZT-based WP and EMI techniques with multi-criteria analysis for monitoring and assessment of mechanical properties of structural adhesives under curing","authors":"Jun Deng,&nbsp;Yang Qin,&nbsp;Xiaoda Li,&nbsp;Weian Mao,&nbsp;Dong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Structural adhesives are commonly employed as bonding agents in FRP strengthening systems. Measuring and assessing the mechanical properties of adhesives during the curing process is essential, as these properties directly influence the overall effectiveness of the strengthening system. This study investigated the development of mechanical properties in structural adhesives at various curing times using two PZT-based monitoring techniques, specifically wave propagation (WP) and electromechanical impedance (EMI) techniques. Two types of structural adhesives and two distinct curing temperatures (ambient temperature and mild temperature) were selected for examination. Throughout the adhesive curing process, both methods were utilized for monitoring. Subsequently, tensile tests were conducted to obtain the mechanical properties at different curing durations. The results demonstrate that monitoring indicators from both PZT-based techniques effectively captured the enhancement in adhesive performance during the curing process. Moreover, the tensile strength of the Sika and Carbon adhesives reached stability at ambient temperature after five and three days, respectively, while elevated temperatures accelerated the curing process. Furthermore, two Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods were employed to select monitoring indicators with the least deviation and the closest correlations with mechanical properties. These indicators have the potential to predict mechanical properties, potentially reducing the need for tensile tests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 103796"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141846188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Micromechanical influence of near-surface adherend morphology and bondline fillers on the strain distribution in shear-loaded composite bonds 近表面粘附形态和粘合线填料对剪切加载复合材料粘接应变分布的微观力学影响
IF 3.2 3区 材料科学
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103798
Jörg Gregor Diez , Jens Holtmannspötter , Elisa Arikan , Philipp Höfer
{"title":"Micromechanical influence of near-surface adherend morphology and bondline fillers on the strain distribution in shear-loaded composite bonds","authors":"Jörg Gregor Diez ,&nbsp;Jens Holtmannspötter ,&nbsp;Elisa Arikan ,&nbsp;Philipp Höfer","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The near-surface morphology in the joining areas of adherends has a significant impact on the fatigue behavior of adhesively bonded composites. In the production process of composites, numerous opportunities exist for dictating surface morphology through the utilization of different top-layer semi-finished products. For instance, release films and peel ply fabrics can be employed to modulate the thickness and topography of the upper resin layer. These materials are subsequently removed prior to the further processing and assembly of the composites, leaving their negative imprint on the material surface. The resultant structures typically exhibit dimensions on the scale of a few micrometers. Another component in adhesive bonds are fillers, which have diameters in the same size range. Both adherend morphology and fillers influence the macroscopic behavior of the bonded joint. By <em>in situ</em> examining bonded end-notched flexure specimens inside a scanning electron microscope, the adhesive layer and the near-surface region of the adherends can be observed in detail under load. Evaluating these scanning electron microscope images using digital image correlation enables quantitative analysis of the strain distribution within the micrometer range. This allows the identification of the effects the adherend's near-surface morphology and the composition of the bondline (e.g. fillers, meshes) have on the shear strain distribution along bondlines. Consequently, conclusions can be drawn regarding their influence on the service life of adhesive bonds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 103798"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143749624001805/pdfft?md5=de33d5fd1ce26b377a82ccd5a54ef46b&pid=1-s2.0-S0143749624001805-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental study on toughening UV pre-curing adhesives for electrically conductive applications 用于导电应用的增韧紫外线预固化粘合剂的实验研究
IF 3.2 3区 材料科学
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103795
D.S. Correia , R.J.F. de Sousa , P.N. Gomes , R.J.C. Carbas , E.A.S. Marques , L.F.M. da Silva
{"title":"Experimental study on toughening UV pre-curing adhesives for electrically conductive applications","authors":"D.S. Correia ,&nbsp;R.J.F. de Sousa ,&nbsp;P.N. Gomes ,&nbsp;R.J.C. Carbas ,&nbsp;E.A.S. Marques ,&nbsp;L.F.M. da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Epoxy adhesives are not conductive materials, usually requiring the use of fillers to create electrical bridging between the joint's substrates. This work aims at the implementation of UV fixation, instead of clamping jigs, on doped joints to ensure enough contact bridging pressure during curing. As such, an UV pre-curable adhesive was mechanically characterised in terms of strength – bulk tensile test and TAST (shear) –, and fracture toughness – DCB (mode I) and ENF (mode II) tests –, in the neat state (reference). Afterwards, for the doped configurations – 5%<em>v/v</em> conductive spheres (<em>Sph</em>), 15%<em>v/v</em> aluminium (<em>Al</em>) and 10%<em>v/v</em> graphite (<em>C</em>) – only mode I and II tests were considered accessing the filler's toughening effect. The electrical conductivity of the real joints was assessed through electric discharge machining (EDM). In the end, the <em>Sph</em>'s were deemed necessary for bond thickness control. And the <em>Al</em> (mode I +50 % and II +61 %) and <em>C</em> (mode I +25 % and II +42 %) powders presented improvements in toughening the adhesive. However, UV-fixation failed to provide enough clamping pressure, during curing, to maintain the electrical bridging necessary for EDM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 103795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143749624001775/pdfft?md5=75efd37564e133f55018763304493e51&pid=1-s2.0-S0143749624001775-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moisture sorption behavior of an epoxy-based structural adhesive and its impact on the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of bonded joints in the oil and gas industry 环氧基结构粘合剂的吸湿行为及其对油气工业中粘接接头的 I 型层间断裂韧性的影响
IF 3.2 3区 材料科学
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103799
C.E. Moraes , L.F.P. Santos , T.P.F.G. Leal , M.L. Costa , E.C. Botelho
{"title":"Moisture sorption behavior of an epoxy-based structural adhesive and its impact on the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of bonded joints in the oil and gas industry","authors":"C.E. Moraes ,&nbsp;L.F.P. Santos ,&nbsp;T.P.F.G. Leal ,&nbsp;M.L. Costa ,&nbsp;E.C. Botelho","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Structural adhesives are widely used across industry sectors and, specifically in oil and gas, they appear as an alternative for structural joining instead of welding, to mitigate the risks arising from sparks in an environment with highly flammable products. In this sense, this article aims to evaluate the mechanical behavior of adhesive joints using the Double Cantilever Beam (DCB - to determine the GIC, mode I interlaminar fracture toughness) test before and after exposing these joints to severe environmental conditions, such as high humidity and high temperature. Also, three different surface treatments (manual sanding with abrasive sponge, solvent cleaning, and peel-ply application) of the adherend (carbon fiber/epoxy composite) are examined, as well as two different thicknesses of the adhesive layer (0.5 and 1.0 mm) to verify possible influences on the GIC behavior before and after conditioning. The results show that reducing manual surface treatment processes is a better option, to reduce the factors that cause greater dispersion in G<sub>IC</sub> values. In particular, cleaning the adherend with just isopropyl alcohol (solvent) before applying the adhesive yielded better G<sub>IC</sub> results among the tested techniques. Regarding thickness, the findings suggest that a greater thickness of the adhesive layer can lead to an increase in the plastic regions, enhancing the dissipation energy and improving the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness. Hygrothermal conditioning revealed the adverse effects of humidity on the adhesive, resulting in a 20–30 % reduction in G<sub>IC</sub>. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses demonstrate that conditioning caused a notable reduction in the glass transition temperature (T<sub>g</sub>) of the adhesive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 103799"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Debonding inspection with an enhanced miniature EMAT based on multiple pulse echoes 利用基于多脉冲回波的增强型微型电磁超声波探头进行脱粘检测
IF 3.2 3区 材料科学
International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103797
Jian Ma, Jianwei Chen, Xue Bai, Jiangfeng Song, Rui Guo
{"title":"Debonding inspection with an enhanced miniature EMAT based on multiple pulse echoes","authors":"Jian Ma,&nbsp;Jianwei Chen,&nbsp;Xue Bai,&nbsp;Jiangfeng Song,&nbsp;Rui Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present paper proposes a non-contact ultrasonic testing method for the debonding inspection of metal-based composite structures, utilizing an improved electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT). The enhanced EMAT incorporates a carbonyl iron powder coil backplate and a small butterfly coil to enhance the detecting ability for interfacial bonding. A two-dimensional finite element model is developed to quantify the effectiveness of the carbonyl iron powder coil backplate on increasing the eddy current density and the magnetic flux density in the specimen. An experimental setup was designed using the Ritec SNAP 5000 and the improved EMATs to examine an aluminium-epoxy resin composite structure. Ultrasonic C-scan images of the specimen's bonding interface were obtained from the experiment. Both simulation and experimental results show that carbonyl iron powder coil backplates can increase the efficiency of the EMATs. By investigating the influence of echo number on debonding detection, it was revealed that employing higher-order echoes and utilizing carbonyl iron powder as the coil backplate can enhance the debonding detection capability. The C-scan imaging results indicate that the utilization of high-order echoes enhances imaging quality, and the employment of high-quality miniaturized EMATs enhances the capability for quantitative analysis of debonding defects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"134 ","pages":"Article 103797"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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