International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives最新文献

{"title":"Aging resistance and adhesion strength of cold plasma treated aluminum-polypropylene joints: The role of surface treatments and curing agents","authors":"Zümre Oymak ,&nbsp;Omur Aras","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the developing technology, Aluminum (Al) - Polypropylene (PP) composite materials, which combine lightness and high durability, are widely used especially in the aviation and automotive sectors. In this study, different combinations of surface treatment methods such as; sanding, sandblasting, chemical etching, anodization and cold vacuum plasma, were applied to the surface of PP and Al plates. After treatment procedures, these surfaces bonded with epoxy adhesives prepared with Triethylenetetramine (Teta), m-Xylenediamine (Mx) and Phenalkamine (PA) curing agents. The effect of the aging process on the bonding strength was investigated on various samples kept in a hot water bath for 2 months. Contact angle measurement, topography analyses, FTIR and tensile test measurements were conducted for evaluation of the given effects. In the experiments, the highest strength was obtained by bonding of sanded/plasma-treated PP plates with the chemical etched/anodized/plasma-treated Al plates. Compared to the non-surface treatment plates, an increase of 558.72 % was achieved and a tensile strength of 1840 N (9.2 MPa) was handled. According to the aging results, it was determined that the greatest decrease in adhesion strength occurred in the plates bonded with Teta, while the least decrease occurred with PA curing agent. More resistant structures to the aging were obtained by first sandblasted, then anodized and then plasma applied aluminum plates bonded with sanded and plasma activated PP surfaces. It was determined that especially plasma-treated surfaces were more resistant to the aging than non-plasma activated surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104027"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acid-base properties of polydimethylsiloxane based adhesives and their influence on adhesion to polymer surfaces","authors":"Raul Renken ,&nbsp;Theresia Köhler ,&nbsp;Sascha Schäfer ,&nbsp;Andreas Hartwig","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aimed to investigate the adhesive properties of polysiloxanes (silicones) on polymer surfaces in relation to their acid-base properties. To adjust the acid-base properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based formulations, (3-aminopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (AMMO) and [(3-triethoxysilyl)-propyl]succinic anhydride (SAS) were added as silane coupling agents. The acid-base properties of the resulting formulations were investigated by measuring the isoelectric point (IEP) via zeta potential measurements as well as by measuring the contact angle on cured samples with probe liquids of different pH. The IEP could be increased gradually from 5.7 to 9.3 by addition of AMMO and decreased gradually from 5.7 to 2.7 by addition of SAS. The adhesion to various polymers was determined by tensile lap shear strength measurements on HDPE, PET, PMMA, PVC and PA as well as on glass. Silicones containing AMMO showed a higher shear strength on all polymers compared to the acidic SAS containing silicones. The IEP leading to maximum shear strength depends on the respective polymer surface, which makes the adjustment of the acid-base properties a useful tool for optimizing adhesion. Furthermore, measuring the zeta potential as well as the surface energy of the substrate surfaces revealed significant differences in their polarity. In addition, an approximately linear increase of the maximum shear strength measured on each substrate could be observed with increasing zeta potential of the substrate at pH 9.7. These findings show that zeta potential measurements of both adhesive and substrate have the potential to be a powerful tool for predicting adhesive interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143790883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On residual mechanical behavior of aluminum-to-composite bonded joints after low velocity transverse impact","authors":"Ali Hosseinzadeh ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Shariati ,&nbsp;Pedram Zamani ,&nbsp;Lucas FM. da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread usage of adhesively bonded joints in advanced engineering structures has increased the importance of developing design concepts under special loading conditions. As bonded connections in wind turbine blade, automotive, and aircraft structures usually experience different types of impact loads, it is important to evaluate residual mechanical performance of bonded joints after these loads. The present research aims to conduct an experimental and numerical investigation on the influence of low-velocity transverse impact with different impact energies of 1 J, 1.5 J, 2 J, and 2.5 J, and two impactor shapes (spherical and cylindrical) on the residual lap shear strength of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite to 2024 aluminum lap bonded joints. The numerical modeling procedure includes two steps of damage, the first induced in the joint due to the transverse impact and the second due to a tensile shear load applied statically. For this purpose, Hashin damage criterion and cohesive zone damage model were implemented to simulate post-impact damage in the composite and adhesive layer and after applying the lap shear loading. Results revealed that, for a low impact energy of 1 J, there is no significant loss of strength for both impactors, while, for other impact energies, the residual strength of the joints impacted by the spherical impactor was lower than that of the cylindrical one, specially for higher impact energies. It was found that the error between numerical and experimental results was greater for specimens impacted by spherical impactor compared to the cylindrical one. Finally, it was deduced that, under high impact energies, the impact energy contributed in causing matrix damage in the composite substrate rather than inducing damage in the adhesive layer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hydroxyethyl methacrylate on the performance of waterborne acrylate adhesives","authors":"Zhixiang Fu,&nbsp;Sainan Hu,&nbsp;Yongchao Chen,&nbsp;Chuyu Zhou,&nbsp;Zhengdong Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is a crucial functional monomer in acrylate adhesives. A series of waterborne acrylate adhesives with varying HEMA contents were synthesized and evaluated based on their viscosity, particle size, and peel strength. The particle size of the emulsion remained consistent around 200 nm across different HEMA contents, suggesting minimal impact from HEMA. The emulsion with 0.5 wt% HEMA exhibited a viscosity of 42.44 mPa s, indicating excellent fluidity. Rheological tests showed that HEMA increased the cohesive energy of the adhesive, with 0.5 wt% HEMA demonstrating optimum chain flexibility and elasticity in the latex film. On a biaxial oriented polypropylene (BOPP) substrate, the adhesive with 0.5 wt% HEMA achieved the highest adhesive strength of 2.96 N/25 mm, attributed to its superior wetting ability and chain flexibility, meeting the requirements for BOPP film adhesion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporation of antimicrobial materials into denture adhesives: A systematic review of in vitro studies","authors":"Laianne Vieira Mendes ,&nbsp;Manoela Borges e Souza Marques ,&nbsp;Ana Beatriz Vilela Teixeira ,&nbsp;Denise Tornavoi de Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This systematic review identify the antimicrobial materials currently incorporated into denture adhesives and their efficacy. The protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework (<span><span>https://osf.io/wb3uh/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>). Six databases, including PubMed, Lilacs, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct and Google Scholar, were accessed for the search of articles up to May 2024. Five groups of search terms was created. Eligibility criteria included: experimental studies incorporating antimicrobial agents into denture adhesives; evaluating antimicrobial activity; published articles in peer-reviewed journals and in the English language. Of the 20 articles selected, 16 used inorganic materials and 12 different materials were found, which were divided into 3 subgroups. Eleven articles evaluated antimicrobials medicines, including amphotericin B, chlorhexidine, cephalexin, fluconazole, nystatin, clotrimazole and miconazole. Six articles investigated nanomaterials, incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), zirconium oxide particles and nanoparticles, zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), and nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgVO₃) into denture adhesives. One study, classified as other, investigated denture adhesives incorporating pre-reacted glass ionomer particles (S-PRG). Only 8 selected articles used organic materials and 20 distinguishable materials were found, divided into 5 subgroups. Organic materials included different formulations of chitosan, antimicrobial peptides, lipids and extracts. One study, classified as other, investigated adhesives containing pyrazole. Based on the findings, the inorganic agents incorporated into denture adhesives can be divided into two main categories: nanomaterials or antimicrobial medicines. The minority of studies incorporated organic agents. All the inorganic agents promoted antimicrobial activity in denture adhesive. The organic agents were also effective, with the exception of grape seed extract, antimicrobial peptides and lipids. Therefore, is possible to increase the benefits promoted by the use of denture adhesives by incorporating antimicrobial agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of reaction layer removal methods on bond strength of pressed lithium disilicate ceramic to resin cement","authors":"Gabriel Bauken ,&nbsp;Maria Gabriela Packaeser ,&nbsp;Rafaela Oliveira Pilecco ,&nbsp;Renan Vaz Machry ,&nbsp;Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira ,&nbsp;Luiz Felipe Valandro","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of reaction layer removal methods on the immediate and long-term bond strength of pressed lithium disilicate ceramics, with or without 5% hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching. For this, sixty lithium disilicate ceramic discs (Ø= 12 mm, thickness= 1.2 mm) were assigned to 6 groups based on removal method and surface pretreatment: CTRL (polishing only), CTRL + HF (polishing + HF etching), GB (grit-blasting), GB + HF (grit-blasting + HF), LCA (grit-blasting + 0.6% HF + 1.7% H₂SO₄), and LCA + HF (LCA + HF). Resin cement cylinders were built, light-cured, and tested for microshear bond strength (μSBS) after 24 h or 90 days (with 10,000 thermal cycles). Surface topography, chemical composition, and failure modes were assessed. No significant difference in bond strength was observed between groups at baseline (p&gt; 0.05). After aging, LCA + HF and GB + HF showed the highest μSBS, with no significant difference from CTRL + HF and LCA. GB had no significant difference from CTRL + HF and LCA. CTRL had the lowest bond strength (p&lt; 0.05). All groups showed a decrease in bond strength after aging, but HF etching minimized this decrease. Higher amounts of Mg and P were found in the reaction layer presence. Therefore, grit-blasting or low-concentration acid immersion combined with grit-blasting are effective methods for removing the reaction layer without affecting bond strength. However, HF etching is crucial for reliable long-term bond strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104018"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporation of epigallocatechin-3-gallate absorbed onto hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in dental adhesive: Impact on resin dentin-bonding, chemical, and mechanical properties","authors":"Nayara de Oliveira Sousa ,&nbsp;Susana Joice Mendes Maia ,&nbsp;Karlos Eduardo Rodrigues Lima ,&nbsp;Madiana Magalhães Moreira ,&nbsp;Tainah Oliveira Rifane ,&nbsp;Vicente de Paulo Aragão Saboia ,&nbsp;Victor Pinheiro Feitosa ,&nbsp;Sérgio Lima Santiago","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To evaluate the resin-dentin bond strength, chemical and mechanical properties of experimental etch-and-rinse (E&amp;R) and self-etch (SE) adhesives doped with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) adsorbed on hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles. The groups were divided according to the concentration of HAp/EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate adsorbed on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles) (% wt) and bonding strategies (E&amp;R or SE): 1) Control SE (0 %), 2) Control E&amp;R (0 %), 3) SE-HAp/EGCG 1 %, 4) E&amp;R-HAp/EGCG 1 %, 5) SE-HAp/EGCG 5 % and 6) E&amp;R-HAp/EGCG 5 %. Nanoparticles were incorporated into experimental adhesives. Bar-shaped specimens (n = 6) were prepared to assess flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (EM), and the degree of conversion (DC, n = 5) was assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Sixty human third molars were sectioned and restored for microtensile bond strength testing (μTBS, n = 10) at 24 h and 6 months in distilled water. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA (μTBS) or two-way ANOVA (DC, FS, EM) and Tukey's post-test (α = 0.05). FS and EM increased significantly in the 5 % SE-HAp/EGCG group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). EM decreased significantly in the 1 % SE-HAp/EGCG group, while FS increased in the E&amp;R mode. The addition of HAp/EGCG increased the DC adhesives. For μTBS at 24 h, the E&amp;R- HAp/EGCG 1 %–5 % groups displayed the highest values. After 6 months, HAp/EGCG 1 % (E&amp;R and SE) maintained bond strength (p &lt; 0.001), while the SE control group exhibited a significant decrease in μTBS values. Adhesive failure was predominant in all groups. Incorporating 1 % HAp/EGCG into E&amp;R adhesives enhanced bonding performance, monomer conversion, and material strength, while the 5 % concentration compromised dentin bonding and physicochemical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104019"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the effects of electrochemical oxidation and silane modification applied to fibers in short carbon fiber-reinforced structural adhesives and adhesive joints","authors":"Iclal Avinc Akpinar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, electrochemical surface treatment and various silane modifications were applied to fiber structures incorporated into adhesives to enhance the performance of bonded systems. Initially, electrochemical oxidation was performed on the fibers added to the adhesive, increasing the active oxygen groups on their surfaces. Subsequently, silanization was carried out using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as silane agents, improving the surface energy of the fibers. The structural adhesive used in the study was a two-component epoxy adhesive. Composite adhesives were prepared by incorporating carbon fibers treated with electrochemical oxidation and silane modification at weight fractions of 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, and 4 %, and adhesive joints were fabricated using these modified adhesives. According to the results of surface wettability experiments, carbon fibers cleaned with acetone exhibited highly hydrophobic behavior, while fibers subjected to electrochemical oxidation displayed highly hydrophilic behavior. However, subsequent silanization treatments following electrochemical oxidation transformed the surface wettability of the fibers to hydrophilic behavior. Furthermore, the application of electrochemical oxidation to the fibers increased the adhesive's nominal maximum stress value by approximately 126 %, while subsequent silanization treatments following electrochemical oxidation enhanced the nominal maximum stress value by approximately 177 %. These improvements are also supported by the results obtained from shear tests, with the degree of enhancement varying depending on the fiber content added to the adhesive. Changes in the surface functional groups and surface morphologies of the samples were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104020"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between the size of the inter-platelet cation in the montmorillonite and the influence of MMT on the performance of silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives","authors":"Adrian Krzysztof Antosik ,&nbsp;Karolina Mozelewska ,&nbsp;Agata Kraśkiewicz ,&nbsp;Marlena Musik ,&nbsp;Piotr Miądlicki ,&nbsp;Marcin Bartkowiak","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, various types of montmorillonite (H+, Na+, Ca+) were employed as additives for the physical modification of commercially available silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives (Si-PSA). Additionally, a modification of sodium montmorillonite was carried out to obtain the MMT-Al variant. Prior to adding MMTs to the Si-PSA composition, analyses of MMTs were performed using XRD technique. New self-adhesive materials were created by incorporating the prepared fillers into a polymer matrix based on Si-PSA. The new tapes exhibited retained or slightly reduced values of key performance parameters, such as adhesion (10–14 N/25 mm), cohesion (&gt;72h), and shrikage (&lt;0.5 %). Furthermore, tapes with the addition of MMTs showed excellent thermal resistance, reaching application temperatures up to 225 °C, surpassing the measurement limits of the available research apparatus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bond strength to aged CAD/CAM composites and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network using a universal adhesive with or without previous application of a universal primer","authors":"Clemens Lechte ,&nbsp;Lisa Sophia Faesser ,&nbsp;Jana Biermann ,&nbsp;Alexandra Schmidt ,&nbsp;Philipp Kanzow ,&nbsp;Annette Wiegand","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To analyse the bond strength to aged CAD/CAM composites and a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) after different surface pretreatments and the use of a universal adhesive or universal primer and universal adhesive.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Specimens were prepared from CAD/CAM composites (Brilliant Crios, Grandio Blocs, Lava Ultimate, Tetric CAD, Cerasmart270, Katana Avencia, Shofu Block HC) or PICN (Vita Enamic) and artificially aged (5000 cycles, 5–55 °C). The surfaces were left untreated or pretreated by mechanical roughening, aluminium oxide sandblasting, silica coating, or hydrofluoric acid etching (PICN only). The surfaces were further conditioned with a universal adhesive only or a universal primer/universal adhesive (each subgroup n = 12). After application of a composite and further thermal cycling, shear bond strength and failure modes were assessed and statistically analysed by ANOVAs, Weibull statistics, and Chi²-test (p &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In CAD/CAM composites, highest bond strength values were obtained for sandblasting (mean of all subgroups: 15.7 ± 4.5 MPa) &gt; silica coating (13.5 ± 4.1 MPa) &gt; mechanical roughening (11.3 ± 4.5 MPa) &gt; no pretreatment (4.1 ± 2.3 MPa). The use of a universal primer led to a significant, albeit small increase of bond strength (11.9 ± 6.0 &gt; 10.4 ± 5.6 MPa). In PICN bond strength was: hydrofluoric acid etching (15.2 ± 4.0 MPa) &gt; silica coating (12.2 ± 4.3 MPa) &gt; sandblasting (11.6 ± 5.3 MPa) &gt; mechanical roughening (10.9 ± 7.2 MPa) &gt; no pretreatment (2.8 ± 2.7 MPa). The application of a universal primer led to a significant increase of bond strength (13.5 ± 6.3 &gt; 7.6 ± 5.0 MPa).</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Adhesion to aged CAD/CAM composites mainly requires adequate micromechanical retention, while PICN additionally requires the use of a universal primer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}