International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives最新文献_第6页

Slow-growth damage of bonded composite-metal joints subjected to fatigue loading

IF 3.2 3区材料科学

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103979

Laurence Wong , John Wang , Richard Chunhui Yang , Y.X. Zhang

{"title":"Slow-growth damage of bonded composite-metal joints subjected to fatigue loading","authors":"Laurence Wong , John Wang , Richard Chunhui Yang , Y.X. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the slow-growth damage of bonded composite-metal (CFRP-Aluminium) hybrid double lap joints. First, static tension tests were conducted to measure the residual strength of the partially disbonded joints. Finite element models were developed to predict the residual strength as a function of disbond crack length. The model was calibrated using the static test results and the characteristic distance method. Then, constant amplitude fatigue tests were conducted at a practical load range, determined on the basis of joint static strength and safety factor requirements, to measure disbond growth rates and joint fatigue life. Further numerical analyses were conducted, where the extended finite element method (XFEM) and virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) were applied to predict energy release rates at the disbond crack tip of the joints. The crack growth rates measured from the fatigue tests and the energy release rates from the parametric numerical analyses consistently indicated that slow-growth behaviour was present. By combining the crack growth rates and energy release rates, modified Paris laws were established to predict the disbonded crack growth and fatigue life of the joints with satisfactory results obtained. In addition, an important observation was made, that is, in the fatigue tests the disbond from the taper end would not migrate to generate delamination, the mechanism of which was convincingly revealed by a detailed FEM analysis. This study successfully implemented the proposed framework for the slow growth damage prediction of adhesively bonded joints and demonstrated its effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103979"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-stage operation of single-lap hybrid joints constructed using a 3D-printed polymer with aluminium adherends subjected to uniaxial tensile test

IF 3.2 3区材料科学

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103976

P. Golewski, M. Nowicki, D. Pietras, T. Sadowski

{"title":"Multi-stage operation of single-lap hybrid joints constructed using a 3D-printed polymer with aluminium adherends subjected to uniaxial tensile test","authors":"P. Golewski, M. Nowicki, D. Pietras, T. Sadowski","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the results of laboratory tests for single-lap hybrid joints. The specimens used a mechanical joint of the mortise-and-tenon type and a double-sided Very High Bonding (VHB) 5925 adhesive tape with a thickness of 0.6 mm. The mechanical joint is responsible for increased stiffness and strength, and the adhesive joint is responsible for significant energy absorption. One of the adherends, along with the tenon, was made by 3D printing from Z-ABS material. The other adherends were made from 2 mm thick aluminium and had a 19 mm diameter hole. The specimens were made in three groups: A, B, and C, differing in tenon design in such a way as to achieve multi-stage operation by gradually damaging the mechanical joint. They were subjected to static uniaxial tensile tests on an MTS 25 kN testing machine. During the tests, strain observations were made using the “Aramis” Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system. Analysis of force-displacement diagrams has shown that one to four stages of joint damage are possible, which is new in the world literature. A maximum increase in damage force of 185.4 % and 17.8 % for absorbed energy was achieved compared to the reference adhesive joint. In addition to contributing to the development of the field of hybrid joints, the results of the research can also be used in practice to design safety joints for example, in the automotive or aerospace industries, where after the maximum force is reached, the joint can continue to work and be integral even under relatively large displacements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

TPU nanocomposites with good adhesive strength and water resistance for thermal sublimation transfer printing

IF 3.2 3区材料科学

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103972

Jinxin Zhu , Wenjie Mou , Xiaoquan Li , Gongman He , Chenyu He , Yueru Li

{"title":"TPU nanocomposites with good adhesive strength and water resistance for thermal sublimation transfer printing","authors":"Jinxin Zhu , Wenjie Mou , Xiaoquan Li , Gongman He , Chenyu He , Yueru Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is widely used as a hot-melt adhesive in various applications, particularly in fabric heat transfer printing. Among the commonly used heat transfer inks, direct-to-film (DTF) ink and sublimation ink are most prevalent. However, DTF ink exhibits poor affinity for natural fabrics such as cotton, and sublimation ink lacks white pigment. Additionally, the inherent transparency of TPU limits its application in heat transfer printing on dark fabrics. To address these limitations, this study employs nano titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) to color TPU, enhancing its opacity and enabling its use on dark fabrics. Furthermore, by incorporating triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), a crosslinking reaction is induced in the TPU/TiO<sub>2</sub> composite, facilitating its application on both dark fabrics and natural fibers like cotton. The resulting TPU-based nanocomposite demonstrates excellent adhesion strength and water resistance. When the TiO<sub>2</sub> content reaches 10 % (designated as TT10), the composite exhibits a high whiteness index, indicative of strong opacity. The addition of 1 % TGIC further crosslinks the TPU/TiO<sub>2</sub> composite, maintaining its strong opacity while enhancing adhesion strength and water resistance. Notably, the adhesive strength of the composite surpasses that of pure TPU, and its water resistance improves as well. This TPU-based nanocomposite shows promise for heat transfer printing applications on dark fabrics and natural materials such as cotton.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103972"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of adhesive material properties on phase-field analysis of T-peel adhesive joints using the Taguchi method

IF 3.2 3区材料科学

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103977

Cengiz Görkem Dengiz

{"title":"Effect of adhesive material properties on phase-field analysis of T-peel adhesive joints using the Taguchi method","authors":"Cengiz Görkem Dengiz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effects of variations in elastic modulus (<em>E</em>), critical energy release rate (<em>G</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>), and length scale parameters (<em>l</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>) on the failure behaviour of bimetallic T-peel joints using phase-field (PF) analysis. The PF method, recognised for its robustness, is particularly suitable for modelling interface problems and complex crack patterns. Since phase-field results are highly sensitive to material properties, this research aims to systematically evaluate the influence of these parameters using the Taguchi method. To achieve this, the PF model of T-peel joints was validated against experimental tests. The validated models were then employed in a Taguchi L9 design to quantify the effects of material parameters. A comprehensive analysis, including ANOVA and regression, was conducted to further examine these influences. Results indicate that the peak reaction force and the corresponding displacement are most significantly affected by the critical energy release rate, followed by the length scale parameter and elastic modulus. An increase in the critical energy release rate leads to a higher peak force and greater displacement at this force. Conversely, increasing the length scale parameter reduces both peak force and displacement. Interestingly, maintaining a constant ratio of <em>G</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>/<em>l</em><sub><em>c</em></sub> does not alter the joint behaviour. Additionally, higher Young's modulus enhances joint stiffness, increasing peak force but reducing displacement at this force. This study provides crucial insights into optimising the mechanical performance of bimetallic T-peel joints and underscores the importance of material properties in PF-based analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103977"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation on the mechanical properties of Nano-Al2O3 particle reinforced single lap adhesive joints using digimat mean field homogenization and finite element method

IF 3.2 3区材料科学

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103959

İsmail Saraç , Ferdi Yıldırım

{"title":"Investigation on the mechanical properties of Nano-Al2O3 particle reinforced single lap adhesive joints using digimat mean field homogenization and finite element method","authors":"İsmail Saraç , Ferdi Yıldırım","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When the studies on particle reinforced adhesive joints are evaluated, there is a deficiency in simulation methods. Considering the diversity of particles and the variability of reinforcement ratios, obtaining the mechanical properties of particle reinforced adhesives experimentally is a costly process with a high workload. In this study, the mechanical properties of single-lap adhesive joints (SLJs) produced with pure DP460 and 4 % nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reinforced DP460 epoxy composite adhesive were investigated using Digimat Mean Field Homogenization and Finite Element Method (FEM). At first, bulk and SLJs specimens were produced from composite and pure adhesives to perform experimental studies. Next, based on the experimental studies, finite element analysis (FEA) of the bulk specimens and SLJs was conducted. In the FEM, the Digimat-Mean Field (Digimat-MF) homogenization approach and Ansys structural analysis were employed together. In the first step of the simulation studies, the mechanical properties of the nano-composite adhesive were obtained using the Digimat-MF homeogenization method. In the second step, Digimat interface was created in the Ansys program and material properties were defined. In this way, the structural analysis of nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reinforced bulk specimens and SLJs were accurately analyzed. In the FEA, tensile strength values of bulk specimens of pure DP460 and 4 % nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> reinforced DP460 epoxy adhesives were obtained. At the end of the study, experimental and simulation data were verified and compared. When the data acquired were evaluated, it was seen that the Digimat-MF homogenization approach and Ansys FEM were successfully applied to adhesive joints containing composite adhesives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103959"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surface plasma treatment effect on shear strength in adhesively bonded joints with modified addition curing silicone adhesive

IF 3.2 3区材料科学

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103963

Mohammad Hossein Jazayeri , Majid Mokhtari

{"title":"Surface plasma treatment effect on shear strength in adhesively bonded joints with modified addition curing silicone adhesive","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Jazayeri , Majid Mokhtari","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strong single lap bonded joints of different materials are of great importance in various advanced industries. Silicones are commonly used as reliable adhesives for this purpose. Although silicones offer excellent properties such as resistance to extreme temperatures and weather conditions, as well as flexibility, their low surface energy limits their application as adhesives. To address this issue, we added a hydrogen-containing silicone adhesion promoter to an addition-curing silicone adhesive. We also introduced functional groups on the aluminum and glass adherends through air plasma (AP) surface treatment. These modifications were made to improve the interface between the adhesive and the adherend. We also added hydrophobic fumed silica to the adhesive formulation to enhance its overall bond strength and toughness. The single lap-shear tests were carried out to study the lap-shear strength (LSS) of the adhesively bonded joints. It was shown that the presence of the adhesion promoter on AP-treated adherends results in a minimum increase of 196 % in LSS. It was observed that the adhesion promoter has a plasticizing effect in the absence of AP treatment, resulting in poor mechanical strength of the joints. Fumed silica has been shown to significantly impact the LSS of aluminum and glass adherends, increasing it by a factor of 3 and 4, respectively, at the concentration of 5 phr. In all cases, glass specimens exhibited stronger bonds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hybrid repair of primary metallic structures by combining a stress optimised cut-out and bonded patches

IF 3.2 3区材料科学

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103962

Paul Chang, John Wang, Manfred Heller, Xiaobo Yu

{"title":"Hybrid repair of primary metallic structures by combining a stress optimised cut-out and bonded patches","authors":"Paul Chang, John Wang, Manfred Heller, Xiaobo Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A hybrid repair solution combining a stress optimised cut-out and a bonded patch is an effective approach for primary structure repairs, in which the optimised cut-out enhances the residual strength and helps meet certification requirement while the bonded patch provides further stress reduction in the repaired structure and promotes significant additional fatigue life enhancement. In this study, a cracked metallic specimen was repaired with an optimised cut-out at the crack tip and two boron/epoxy patches bonded back-to-back. The patches were positioned adjacent and some distance away from the cut-out and thus potential crack re-occurrence/growth can be visually monitored without the patch concealing the area. The effectiveness of the hybrid repair was assessed experimentally by comparing against three other specimen configurations namely specimens with a crack, a standard stop drill at the crack tip, and an optimum cut-out hole at the crack tip.</div><div>Finite element modelling results indicated that compared with the standard stop-hole specimen, the stress concentration factors of the specimens with optimum cut-out hole and hybrid repairs were reduced by 63 % and 73 %, respectively. Based on a simple cubic law, these stress reductions would result in the fatigue life before crack re-initiation to be 20 and 52 times longer. Fatigue tests under variable amplitude loads confirmed the significant extension of fatigue initiation life, where 28 and 53 times of enhancement were achieved for the optimum cut-out hole and hybrid repairs, respectively. The fatigue test results further showed that for the stop drill and optimum cut-out configurations, once the crack was reinitiated, its growth was relatively fast, whilst in the case of the specimen with the hybrid repair the crack growth rate was significantly slower.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Viscous fingering in adhesive bonding

IF 3.2 3区材料科学

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103960

Mohamad Al Trjman , Alexander H.J. Salten , Felix Beule , Dominik Teutenberg , Gerson Meschut , Julia Riese , Eugeny Y. Kenig

{"title":"Viscous fingering in adhesive bonding","authors":"Mohamad Al Trjman , Alexander H.J. Salten , Felix Beule , Dominik Teutenberg , Gerson Meschut , Julia Riese , Eugeny Y. Kenig","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the adoption of multi-material construction methods in modern lightweight design, along with the use of adhesive bonding technology, thermally induced relative displacements between the joining components arise during the curing process. As a result, the original bond area is significantly reduced and exhibits a meandering structure. This structure, once cured, can lead to increased stress buildup in the joint due to the reduced adhesive area and the notch effect.</div><div>This work focuses on the experimental characterization and numerical description of a problem known as “viscous fingering”. To investigate this, adhesive surface reduction is experimentally investigated using a butt-bonded joint specimen (BJS) and an LWF–KS2 specimen at various displacements. Additionally, two-phase fluid simulations are carried out using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict the formation of the adhesive surface. The finite element (FE) method is also used to analyze the adhesive surface reduction and simulate the mechanical properties of the bonded joint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103960"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the effect of surface roughness and plasma treatment on adhesively bonded aluminium-polyamide hybrid joints

IF 3.2 3区材料科学

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103964

M. Batıkan Kandemir , Tolga Tavşanoğlu , M. Özgür Seydibeyoğlu

{"title":"Investigation of the effect of surface roughness and plasma treatment on adhesively bonded aluminium-polyamide hybrid joints","authors":"M. Batıkan Kandemir , Tolga Tavşanoğlu , M. Özgür Seydibeyoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of roughness and plasma treatment on adhesive-bonded aluminium and polyamide samples. The surfaces were treated using sanding and plasma methods, both independently and in combination. The results showed a slight decrease in contact angle and an increase in lap shear strength (LSS) with increasing surface roughness. The roughness of aluminium increased by 51.43 % (from 0.35 μm to 0.53 μm) and that of polyamide by 46.15 % (from 0.26 μm to 0.38 μm). This resulted in a 34.09 % increase in LSS (from 2.2 MPa to 2.95 MPa) specifically. Plasma treatment was then applied, which significantly reduced contact angles and enhanced LSS on both materials. However, amplification of these effects was not observed when treating both sides. The experiment showed a decrease in contact angle on aluminium by 47.88 % (from 71.77° to 37.41°) and on polyamide by 74.28 % (from 60.48° to 15.55°). Treating only polyamide resulted in a 105.42 % increase in LSS (from 2.95 MPa to 6.06 MPa). The optimal LSS was achieved by treating polyamide with plasma and increasing the roughness of both sides to around 50 %. The failure mechanism shifted from substrate to adhesion/cohesion due to plasma treatment. Additionally, an increase in roughness promoted adhesion failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103964"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing the performance of cold-setting phenol–resorcinol–formaldehyde resin adhesives through condensation extension

IF 3.2 3区材料科学

International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103958

Eko Setio Wibowo , Byung-Dae Park , Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis , Sukma Surya Kusumah , Adi Santoso , Ajeng Arum Sari , Apri Heri Iswanto

{"title":"Enhancing the performance of cold-setting phenol–resorcinol–formaldehyde resin adhesives through condensation extension","authors":"Eko Setio Wibowo , Byung-Dae Park , Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis , Sukma Surya Kusumah , Adi Santoso , Ajeng Arum Sari , Apri Heri Iswanto","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenol–resorcinol–formaldehyde (PRF) are the most essential adhesives for laminated timber products. PRF resins are known for their excellent strength and durability. However, when cold-pressed, PRF resins have various issues, including free phenol in the resin solution, which cannot react with formaldehyde. Aside from decreasing reactivity, excessive amounts of free phenol will render PRF resins hazardous. In addition, using hardeners containing significant amounts of paraformaldehyde might result in high formaldehyde emissions if the resin and hardener do not react completely during curing. Therefore, this research aims to reduce the possibility of high levels of free phenol and formaldehyde in PRF resins by synthesizing the resins with various condensation times and using an oxazolidine hardener to replace paraformaldehyde. PRF resins' properties and adhesion performance with various condensation times were evaluated. The results showed that PRF resins' viscosity and solids content increased when the condensation time increased, whereas their gelation time reduced. PRF resins with a longer condensation time had a higher proportion of methylene linkage and greater reactivity, as evidenced by lower apparent activation energy during curing. Furthermore, increasing the condensation time of PRF resins enhanced the adhesion strength of glue-laminated timber products bonded with these resins. The results showed that increasing the condensation time of PRF resins significantly impacts their reactivity and performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 103958"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143169159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0