International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives最新文献

{"title":"Interplay of surface hydrophilicity and graphene transfer on SiO2/Si substrate: Implications for electrical conductivity and optical transparency","authors":"Ahmed F. Abdelaal ,&nbsp;Tahar Laoui ,&nbsp;Ahmed Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Billel Salhi ,&nbsp;Mirza R. Akhter","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene, renowned for its exceptional transport properties, stands at the forefront of advanced material science, offering transformative possibilities for next-generation technological applications. Its versatility extends to a myriad of uses, from solar cells and flexible touch screens to gas detection sensors and sophisticated electronic devices. The core of harnessing graphene's full potential lies in perfecting the wet transfer process, a critical step that involves delicately transferring a graphene layer onto a target substrate, such as SiO₂/Si. In this study, we investigate the enhancement of the graphene transfer process by examining the efficacy of three distinct substrate cleaning methods: hydrofluoric acid (HF), piranha solution (PS), and plasma treatment (PT). Our objective is to enhance the wettability of the SiO₂/Si substrate, thereby reducing imperfections in the graphene layer post-transfer. Utilizing advanced characterization techniques such as atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and optical microscopy, we comprehensively investigate the surface properties of both the SiO₂/Si substrate and the graphene layer. Our findings reveal significant enhancements in substrate hydrophilicity following treatment with HF and PT. Specifically, we observe a substantial decrease in the water contact angle, decreasing from 85° in untreated samples to 5° and 15° in HF and PT-treated samples, respectively. Conspicuously, all cleaning methods contributed to minimizing defects in the transferred graphene layer. However, PT emerged as the superior method, demonstrating not only enhanced electrical conductivity but also maintaining commendable optical transparency. These findings are not just incremental improvements but a leap forward in the quest for manufacturing high-caliber graphene-based devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and short-aramid-fiber epoxy (SAFE) toughened adhesive joints between bamboo scrimber and steel substrates treated with resin pre-coating (RPC) method","authors":"Wen Liu ,&nbsp;Shulin Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composite structures made from bamboo scrimbers and other wood or even steel substrates have generated increasing attention in construction industries around the world. This study reports an experimental study on the interfacial bonding properties of strengthened adhesive joint between bamboo scrimber and steel substrates by epoxy adhesive. Some toughening techniques are used to enhance the bonding ability of the joint. Firstly, resin pre-coating (RPC) method is applied resin on the bonding surfaces of bamboo scrimber and steel substrates, for the purpose of preventing debonding failure of the interfacial zone. Then carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and short-aramid-fiber epoxy (SAFE) methods are introduced on the basis of RPC method in order to use CNTs or short Kevlar fibers to further strengthen the joints. Last. SAFE/CNTs method is used which is intended to hybrid the advantages of CNTs and SAFE methods. Single shear test (SLS) is used to measure the bonding properties. The result shows that RPC, CNTs, SAFE and SAFE/CNTs methods have apparent effects to improve the bonding ability of the epoxy adhesive joints, in that the average shear strength of their joints increase 2.25, 2.52, 2.56 and 2.65 times compared to the control group, meanwhile, the average shear energy increase 7.05, 7.41, 9.08 and 9.57 times respectively. Moreover, the reinforced joints generate the structural failure in bamboo scrimber substrate while the control joint only has debonding failure on the steel bonding surface. The key reason is that RPC method using acetone diluted resin (without hardener) could penetrate deep into the sub-surface zone of bamboo scrimber, uniting CNTs and SAFE technique, it changes the interfacial zone of the joint into a strong entirety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing adhesion protocols between 3D-printed ceramic-containing composite and resin cement","authors":"Luiza Freitas Brum Souza ,&nbsp;Kétlin Fagundes Teixeira ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Cadore-Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Felipe Somavilla Binotto ,&nbsp;Natália de Freitas Daudt ,&nbsp;Luiz Felipe Valandro ,&nbsp;Rafael R. Moraes ,&nbsp;Mutlu Özcan ,&nbsp;Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of resin cement to a 3D-printed ceramic-containing resin composite (PriZma 3D Bio Crown, Makertech) subjected to different adhesive protocols (surface pretreatments and adhesive systems), in both baseline and aging conditions. For this, 3D-printed resin composite slices were fabricated and divided into groups based on adhesive protocols, considering three surface pretreatments: alumina grit-blasting (AlOx), 37 % phosphoric acid (PA), and a combination of both (AlOx + PA); and two adhesive systems: conventional (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M) and universal (Single Bond Universal, 3M). The resin cement (RelyX Ultimate, 3M) cylinder specimens (n = 18) underwent μSBS testing before and after thermocycling (12,000 cycles, 5-55 °C). Surface roughness (R_a and R_z), SEM topography, and failure modes were analyzed. Statistical analysis included One- and Two-Way ANOVA with Tukey tests for roughness and μSBS, respectively, and paired <em>t</em>-test to compare baseline and aging conditions considering the same adhesive protocol (α = 0.05). AlOx + PA with the universal adhesive demonstrated the highest bond strength in both baseline and aged conditions, with a minimal reduction after aging (11.68 %, p = 0.294). The PA-conventional adhesive group had the greatest reduction post-aging (50.32 %, p &lt; 0.001). After aging, AlOx and PA with universal adhesive showed intermediate bond strengths, similar to AlOx + PA-universal, while the use of conventional adhesive resulted in lower bonding performance. In Baseline, AlOx + PA-universal exhibited the highest Weibull modulus, while AlOx + PA-conventional had the lowest. After aging, AlOx + PA-universal remained the highest, differing from the other groups but similar to AlOx + PA-conventional, whereas PA-universal had the lowest modulus. The other groups showed intermediate values without significant differences. The combination of alumina grit-blasting and phosphoric acid with a universal adhesive provides superior and more reliable bond strength under aging conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of acid solutions as intermediate irrigants between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine on radicular adhesive interface","authors":"Miriam Graziele Magro ,&nbsp;Joatan Lucas de Sousa Gomes Costa ,&nbsp;Antonia Patricia Oliveira Barros ,&nbsp;Marcus Vinicius Reis Só ,&nbsp;Wilfredo Gustavo Escalante-Otárola ,&nbsp;Milton Carlos Kuga","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study evaluated the effectiveness of 10 % citric acid or 1 % peracetic acid, and their effects on radicular adhesive interface, when used as intermediate irrigation protocol between 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite and 2 % chlorhexidine in comparison with isopropyl alcohol or saline solution.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>One hundred and twenty root canals were chemical-mechanical prepared. The specimens were distributed in 6 groups (<em>n</em> = 20), according irrigation protocol: sodium hypochlorite and EDTA (SHS-EDT); sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine (SHS-CHX); sodium hypochlorite, saline solution and chlorhexidine (SAS-CHX); sodium hypochlorite, alcohol and chlorhexidine (IPA-CHX); sodium hypochlorite and citric acid and chlorhexidine (CIA-CHX); sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid and chlorhexidine (PAA-CHX). Sixty specimens were submitted to scanning electron microscope analysis to residues incidence evaluation. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy analysis was performed only in radicular middle third. Sixty specimens were subjected endodontic obturation and slices were obtained in radicular thirds and submitted to push out bond strength and dentin tags extension evaluations. The data of residues incidence evaluation were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests, while push-out bond strength and endodontic sealer dentin penetration data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey tests.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In all root canal thirds, SHS-CHX and SAS-CHX showed the highest. In all root canal thirds, IPA-CHX, CIA-CHX, PAA-CHX and SHS-EDT showed higher push out bond strength values. In all root thirds, IPA-CHX, CIA-CHX and PAA-CHX showed the greatest dentin tags extension.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Acids and isopropyl alcohol used as intermediate solution between sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine provides lower residues incidence and the highest bond strength values and tags extension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104006"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of chloride corrosion on the adhesion performance of asphalt aggregate interface","authors":"FuBing Tan ,&nbsp;Jian Qin ,&nbsp;Fanhua Zeng ,&nbsp;Tingting Nong ,&nbsp;Xingming Lin ,&nbsp;Huangsheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the deterioration of the interfacial adhesion performance between asphalt and aggregate under chloride erosion environment, the effects of chloride erosion on the interfacial adhesion performance between 70# asphalt, SBS modified asphalt, and Trinidad Lake asphalt (TLA) modified asphalt and aggregate were simulated by changing the chloride concentration, time, and temperature under three chloride erosion conditions. Firstly, the basic performance indicators of asphalt before and after erosion were tested, and a self prepared asphalt aggregate interface specimen was developed. The adhesion performance and adhesion work of the asphalt aggregate interface were tested through pull-out tests. Finally, the anti splitting performance of the asphalt mixture after chloride salt erosion was tested. Research has found that with the increase of chloride corrosion conditions, the penetration of the three types of asphalt gradually decreases, while the softening point gradually increases. The three chloride corrosion conditions are all linearly related to the tensile stress intensity and tensile strain height of the asphalt aggregate specimen interface. The tensile stress intensity decreases linearly, while the tensile strain increases linearly, and the adhesion work between asphalt and aggregate interface gradually decreases. The splitting tensile strength of the three types of asphalt mixtures gradually decreases. The results indicate that chloride concentration, erosion temperature, and time can all degrade the interfacial adhesion performance between asphalt and aggregate. TLA modified asphalt can maintain good adhesion performance, followed by SBS, and the interface adhesion performance of 70# base asphalt deteriorates the most severely.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring bonding and interfacial adhesion properties of normal and reaction wood in wood-based composites – A review","authors":"Byantara Darsan Purusatama ,&nbsp;Eko Setio Wibowo ,&nbsp;Adi Santoso ,&nbsp;Nam Hun Kim ,&nbsp;Apri Heri Iswanto ,&nbsp;Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.104008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bonding wood materials using adhesives is crucial in various industrial applications. However, the complex structure of wood, especially in reaction wood, poses significant challenges. Reaction wood, which forms in response to mechanical stresses, exhibits distinct anatomical and mechanical properties compared to normal wood, often leading to difficulties in achieving strong and durable adhesive bonds. This review focuses on the interfacial properties of wood adhesives at the cellular level, emphasizing the role of anatomical characteristics of reaction wood. This paper explored the influence of cell wall porosity, lignin composition, and nano-mechanical properties on bond strength. Understanding the interfacial adhesion in normal wood and reaction wood at a microscopic level is crucial for improving bonding performance, developing new adhesives, and optimizing application processes. This review incorporated current research and technological advancements to comprehensively understand normal and reaction wood's complex adhesive bonding mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 104008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adhesive properties and performance of glass ionomer cements in dental restorations: A Comparative study of four materials","authors":"Aiyang Song ,&nbsp;Haihuan Gong ,&nbsp;Jiahui Zhang ,&nbsp;Huimin Wang ,&nbsp;Song Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are widely used in dental restorations due to their ability to release fluoride, adhere to dental tissues, and biocompatibility. However, variations in their mechanical properties raise challenges for material selection. This study evaluates the performance of four commercially available GICs: GC Fuji IX GP Fast (F9), ChemFil Superior (CF), FX-II (FX), and SC. Through comprehensive testing, F9 exhibited superior results across key metrics, including surface hardness (96.27 ± 3.82), compressive strength (158.17 ± 20.15), and the lowest solubility (15.65 ± 0.41). Additionally, F9 showed the least water absorption and the best microstructural stability, with minimal cracks observed under SEM analysis. In contrast, SC displayed the lowest mechanical strength and the highest cytotoxicity, making it less suitable for high-stress applications. The results highlight F9 as the most promising material for dental restorations, especially in high-load environments, due to its durability, stability, and biocompatibility combination. This study provides practical guidance for clinicians in selecting optimal restorative materials to enhance long-term treatment outcomes. Further research is recommended to explore these materials' long-term performance under clinical conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103989"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of surface treatments on fatigue and static flexural bond strength of a CAD-CAM resin composite","authors":"Rafaela Oliveira Pilecco ,&nbsp;Lucas Saldanha da Rosa ,&nbsp;Pablo Machado Soares ,&nbsp;Marília Pivetta Rippe ,&nbsp;Luiz Felipe Valandro ,&nbsp;João Paulo Mendes Tribst ,&nbsp;Amanda Maria de Oliveira Dal Piva ,&nbsp;Cornelis Johannes Kleverlaan ,&nbsp;Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments before repairing a CAD-CAM resin composite on fatigue and static flexural bond strength with a direct resin composite. For this, CAD-CAM resin composite blocks (Tetric CAD) were ground and divided into 3 groups: aluminum oxide air-abrasion (50-μm grain-size) + adhesive (AA + AD group), adhesive only (AD group), and silane (SIL group). Direct (DIR-RC) and indirect resin composite (IND-RC) were also tested for cohesive strength. Blocks were sectioned into beams (1 × 2 × 12 mm) and submitted to flexural strength (cohesive strength) and flexural bond strength (repaired sample) tests under static load (n= 10; 1 mm/min) and cyclic fatigue (n= 15; initial load= 5 N, 1.4 Hz, step-size= 5 N, 10,000 cycles per step) using a ball-in-hole device. Results were analyzed in MPa via finite element analysis. Failure analysis and topographic analysis were also conducted. The AA + AD and AD groups showed higher static flexural bond strength than SIL, but no differences were observed after fatigue. The IND-RC group exhibited the highest flexural strength under both static and fatigue conditions. All groups showed reduced bond strength after fatigue, with SIL presenting the most pronounced degradation. None of the surface treatments restored the original strength of CAD-CAM material. Surface grinding, whether followed by air abrasion or not, combined with adhesive application, yielded comparable outcomes. Therefore, the combination of adhesive application with surface grinding is an effective approach for CAD-CAM resin composite repair.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103994"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143511320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of bolt pretension in determining stress and load-bearing capacity of hybrid joints","authors":"Tobias Evers ,&nbsp;Marc Aurel Viehöfer ,&nbsp;Morten Voß ,&nbsp;Till Vallée ,&nbsp;Koichi Yokozeki","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effect of bolt pretension on the load-bearing capacity and stress distribution of hybrid joints combining adhesive bonding and mechanical fastening, using two brittle epoxies (SW7240 and DP460) and one ductile polyurethane (SF479). Experimental results showed that the brittle epoxies consistently maintained a load capacity above 300 kN, even at low pretension levels (10% of the maximum 65 kN), whereas the polyurethane exhibited marked sensitivity to pretension, with its load capacity increasing from 220 kN at 10% pretension to approximately 300 kN at full pretension. Despite these differences, all adhesives displayed brittle failure, characterized by cohesive failure near the adhesive layer’s surface. Material characterization revealed linear-elastic behavior for the epoxies and bi-linear behavior for the polyurethane, which allowed for effective stress redistribution. Multiaxial stress analysis indicated that pretension-induced compressive stresses critically enhanced the polyurethane’s performance by shifting the stress state to delay failure, while localized stress concentrations limited the benefits of pretension for the epoxies. Finite element analysis supported these observations, showing that pretension had minimal effect on the concentrated tensile stresses in epoxy-bonded joints but improved stress distribution in polyurethane-bonded joints, enabling them to sustain higher loads without exceeding failure thresholds. These findings emphasize the importance of adhesive selection and the interaction between pretension and stress management, with brittle epoxies offering robust performance irrespective of pretension, while ductile polyurethanes leverage pretension to achieve enhanced load-bearing capacity under combined loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103961"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analytical procedure for failure and stiffness prediction of glued-in rod timber connections","authors":"S. Karen Alavi,&nbsp;Hamid R. Valipour,&nbsp;Mark A. Bradford","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glued-in rod (GiR) timber joints, featuring a composition of a rod, adhesive (glue), and timber, play a pivotal role within the mass timber construction industry where the performance of the GiR connections is imperative for the success of massive timber-based structural systems. However, the intricate mechanical complexities inherent in the load-displacement behaviour of the timber/adhesive joints present significant challenges in the accurate analysis and design of the GiR connections. This article endeavours to use the theory of elasticity and fracture mechanics to derive an analytical procedure for assessing the stiffness and loading capacity of the single GiR joints subjected to pull-pull, pull-push, rod-pull, and wood-pull loading configurations. In the proposed analytical model, the adherents are treated as isotropic, orthotropic, or multilayer composite materials. Given the intricate anisotropic nature of the timber and the composition of the GiR connections, a judicious combination of failure criteria inspired by continuum damage mechanics or fracture mechanics is adopted, to effectively capture the peak load associated with a wide range of failure modes. The accuracy of the proposed analytical model is evaluated through comparison with the laboratory test data, Volkersen's theory, and EN1995-1-1 models, providing insights for efficient analysis and design of timber connections with GiR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103992"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}