International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives最新文献

{"title":"n-hexane influence on canola oil adhesion and volumetric properties","authors":"Katarzyna Szymczyk ,&nbsp;Anna Zdziennicka ,&nbsp;Bronisław Jańczuk ,&nbsp;Janusz Lubas ,&nbsp;Artur Jaworski ,&nbsp;Hubert Kuszewski ,&nbsp;Paweł Woś ,&nbsp;Rafał Longwic ,&nbsp;Przemysław Sander","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the growing interest in the application of canola oil (RO) as a fuel for diesel engines, studies of the adhesion and volumetric properties of mixture of RO with <em>n</em>-hexane (Hex) were carried out. They were based on the measurements of the surface tension, density, viscosity, and contact angle of the RO + Hex mixtures in the range of <em>n</em>-hexane mole fraction from 0 to unity on the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and the steel surfaces. The properties of the mixed <em>n</em>-hexane and canola oil layer on the steel surface were also determined by measurements of the contact angle for such model liquids as water, formamide and diiodomethane on both balls and a flat steel surface covered with this layer. Moreover, lubricating properties, based on the value of the scuffing load, for RO and its mixtures with Hex in relation to the diesel fuel (DF) were determined. Taking into account the contact angles values, the surface tension components and parameters of the RO + Hex mixtures as well as the steel covered by the layer of this mixture were determined and next used for the adhesion work of <em>n</em>-hexane and canola oil to PTFE and steel considerations. As follows this mixture at the proper composition has good lubrication properties. However, the analysis of the obtained values of the surface tension, density and viscosity of the mixture of canola oil and <em>n</em>-hexane showed that with the appropriate selection of its composition, properties similar to those of diesel fuel can be obtained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103990"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of thermal and humidity conditions on structural epoxy adhesives during medium-term exposure","authors":"Marcin Kujawa ,&nbsp;Piotr Paczos ,&nbsp;Łukasz Smakosz ,&nbsp;Adam Piasecki ,&nbsp;Faizullah Jan ,&nbsp;Karol Winkelmann ,&nbsp;Viloletta Konopińska-Zmysłowska ,&nbsp;Victor A. Eremeyev","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An experimental program was undertaken to evaluate the performance characteristics, strengths and limitations of two commercially available two-component structural epoxy resin adhesives under varying thermal and humidity conditions, focusing on their performance in scenarios relevant to engineering applications. The following adhesives were selected for investigation, 3M Scotch DP490 and DP125 Gray. In practice, DP490, a high-rigidity epoxy, is primarily used for bonding small, unpainted metal parts, as well as metal to glass, ceramics, and stone. DP125 Gray, on the other hand, is a more flexible system, typically used for bonding metal to glass, glass to plastic, and painted or powder-coated metals. The selected adhesives were subjected to elevated temperatures (40 °C, 60 °C, 80 °C), hygrothermal conditioning (24h <span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span> 4h 40 °C/90%RH; 8h -20 °C; 8h 70 °C/90%RH; 4h 20 °C/60%RH) and freeze-thaw cycles (24h <span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span> 16h -20 °C; 8h 20 °C/45%RH). A medium-term exposure period was adopted to more accurately simulate real-world service conditions (7, 14, 28 days). The experimental characterization of these adhesives was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (chemical composition, fracture surface analysis), standard tensile tests (Young’s modulus, tensile strength), and Shore hardness tests. SEM analysis showed that both adhesives’ chemical compositions remained unchanged after environmental exposure, moreover DP125 Gray was found to contain harmful fluorine. DP490 lost elasticity at high temperatures but gained tensile strength at lower temperatures, while DP125 Gray showed improved elasticity, strength, and Shore hardness with higher temperatures. Unfortunately, both adhesives degraded at high humidity. The research described in this paper is part of a broader research program related to the application of bonding in the manufacturing of complex thin-walled profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103981"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adhesive geometry dependence of JIS adhesive strength expressed as average stress and countermeasure based on ISSF","authors":"Nao-Aki Noda ,&nbsp;Rei Takaki ,&nbsp;Yasuaki Suzuki ,&nbsp;Yasushi Takase ,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Oda","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) specifies the adhesive strength as an average ultimate tensile stress without considering the size effect. The prescribed JIS specimen has a smaller adhesive area, <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>J</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mn>12.7</mn><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>. In this paper, therefore, the reduction of the average adhesive strength is investigated for large adhesive areas <span><math><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>≫</mo><msup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>J</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>S</mi></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>. The discussion is based on the results that the adhesive strength can be expressed as a constant ISSF (Intensity of the Singular Stress Field), as shown in previous studies. Even for ductile resin, the elastic behavior of the adhesive layer is confirmed, as well as small-scale yielding, showing the validity of the ISSF obtained by elastic analysis. Numerical simulation shows that the average adhesive strength varies depending on the adhesive geometry. With a tenfold increase in the adhesive geometry, the adhesive strength decreases to 50 % of the JIS strength, and with a hundredfold increase, the adhesive strength decreases to 20 % of the JIS strength. For large adhesive areas, the JIS strength can be applied by using the same adhesive thickness as that for the small adhesive area specified by the JIS. This is because the ISSF of the actual product is controlled by the adhesive thickness regardless of the adhesive area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103978"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sericin and gentamicin-enhanced polyurethane-acrylate adhesives for superior adhesion, biocompatibility and antibacterial property","authors":"Sevgi Balcioglu ,&nbsp;Merve Goksin Karaaslan ,&nbsp;Ahmet Ulu ,&nbsp;Imren Ozcan ,&nbsp;Samir Abbas Ali Noma ,&nbsp;Canbolat Gurses ,&nbsp;Burhan Ates ,&nbsp;Suleyman Koytepe","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioadhesives are crucial in minimally invasive procedures but often lack biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and antimicrobial properties. Polyurethane-based adhesives, particularly UV-curable types, offer tunable properties and rapid curing. This study developed a polyurethane-acrylate adhesive system incorporating sericin and gentamicin to enhance biocompatibility and antibacterial effects for surgical and wound care applications. Sericin, a silk-derived protein, improved cell adhesion without compromising structural integrity, while 2.5 % gentamicin provided sustained antibacterial activity against <em>E. coli</em>, <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, and <em>S. aureus</em>.</div><div>The synthesis involved modifying IPDI with β-cyclodextrin, sericin, and PEG (200, 400, 600) to optimize flexibility and stability. Comprehensive characterization was conducted, including FTIR, TGA, DSC, NMR, SEM, AFM, adhesion strength, biodegradability, gentamicin release, antibacterial efficacy, and biocompatibility with L-929 fibroblast cells. Adhesion strengths were 4141.3–4474.7 kPa (PEG200), 2306–3158 kPa (PEG400), and 1690–2061 kPa (PEG600), with PEG400 providing the best balance, making IPDI-SER-P400-20-AC the optimal candidate. The adhesive exhibited 87 % cell viability (ISO 10993-5), 30 % biodegradation in four weeks, and 60 % gentamicin release within 24 h, ensuring rapid antibacterial action.</div><div>This sericinand gentamicin-enhanced bioadhesive offers a promising multifunctional platform for biomedical applications, with potential for further optimization in controlled drug release and long-term <em>in vivo</em> evaluations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103988"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on multifunctional adhesives/bio adhesives and its applications","authors":"Nisha Kumari ,&nbsp;Vijit Chaturvedi ,&nbsp;Sumit Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review serves the readers all the basic information needed to know about adhesives and bioadhesives. This may be important for researchers eager to explore this area of research with the intent of developing new materials or commercialization through product development. This review is based on natural and synthetic adhesives/bioadhesives. This also covers the mechanism of action of bioadhesives, analysis by using in vitro and in vivo methods. The common materials used for the development of products along with the major challenges faced for their development is also an important feature of this article. Important protocols followed before the treatment of various diseases using bioadhesives are also discussed, like bonding performance of a bioadhesive, toxicity, biodegradability, other tests (including safety, cost, efficacy, approvability, and usability), mechanical and physical properties. Bioadhesives have been used for various applications such as biomedical applications, agricultural applications, pharmaceutical applications, environmental friendly applications, etc.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103987"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adhesion strength of 3D printed PLA on knitted fabrics and optimizing for improved performance","authors":"Dereje Berihun Sitotaw ,&nbsp;Dominik Muenks ,&nbsp;Yordan Kostadinov Kyosev ,&nbsp;Abera Kechi Kabish","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application fields of 3D printed textile related products depend on the adhesion of the imprint polymers with textiles. Adhesion is the tendency of unlike surfaces to cling one another due to the intermolecular and interatomic interaction of the two surfaces. In this study, effect of textile structure on adhesion strength from a physical form-locking connection and optimization of process parameters for improved adhesion strength of 3D prints on textiles are investigated. The process parameters investigated in this research are extruder nozzle temperature, printing speed and layer thickness of every layup. The fabric structures include knitted fabrics of 1∗1rib, stripe jacquard and different number and directions of tuck knitted fabrics. The prints were produced from poly lactic acid (PLA) using Flash Forge Guider II 3D printer on knitted fabrics. The different printed samples were subjected to a 180° peel test according to the DIN EN ISO 8510-2 test standard of flexible bonded to rigid test specimen assembly for the full detachment of the prints from the fabric. As seen from the result, the fabric structures and the process parameters of 3D prints investigated in this research significantly influences the adhesion force. The further results revealed that the low temperature, high running speed and high thickness of the print layers limits the penetration, passage and attachment or adhesion of melt PLA through the fabric which gives low adhesion strength between the print polymer and the fabric. The surface appearance of the different loop formation of the knitted fabrics influences the adhesion strength of 3D prints on textile. The microscopic analysis revealed that the back of the detached 3D prints from the knitted fabrics contains much more fibers still attached because of the high adhesion strength from rough surface of knitted structures, high temperature, low printing speed and low layer thickness of the print.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 103975"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and adhesive properties of graphene-coated thermoset and thermoplastic aircraft composite materials by physical vapor deposition technology","authors":"Suat Pat ,&nbsp;Murat Tanışlı ,&nbsp;Mete Bakır ,&nbsp;Adem Can Uşak","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The remarkable properties of graphene have found widespread application across various fields, particularly in enhancing functional properties of materials. This study investigates the effects of graphene coating on thermoplastic polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) and thermoset epoxy matrix carbon-reinforced (CF) composites, with and without peel ply treatment. Graphene was applied using a thermionic vacuum arc system as physical vapor deposition technique. Characterization included contact angle measurement, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, cross-cut adhesion tests, and thermal imaging. The results showed that graphene coating increased the water contact angle of thermoset composites but had no significant effect on PPS composite. FTIR analysis revealed chemical changes on the surface of composite materials coated by graphene. Additionally, graphene coating did not enhance adhesion strength in thermoplastic composites, as both coated and uncoated composites exhibited a GT5 adhesion grade. However, thermoset composites, whether uncoated or graphene-coated, consistently achieved the highest adhesion grade (GT0), indicating stable adhesion properties regardless of surface treatment. Additionally, thermal camera measurements demonstrated that graphene, combined with low emissive paint, reduced the emissivity of the epoxy composite from 0.95 to 0.78 and the PPS composite from 0.90 to 0.83. The mean values of the Z-height of the filament were measured as to be 100 nm, 90 nm, and 45 nm for epoxy/CF-peel ply, epoxy/CF, and PPS/CF, respectively. Refractive index of the samples was found as 2 and 2.7 for epoxy and PPS/CF composite, respectively. The mean contact angle values were measured as 100°, 94° and 74° after the graphene coating for epoxy/CF-peel ply, epoxy/CF, and PPS/CF composite, respectively. These findings suggest that graphene coating can enhance the thermal performance of thermoset composites without significantly altering adhesion properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103971"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-morphology of the epoxy asphalt cured with a bio-based curing agent and the performance of the asphalt mixture","authors":"Suyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Shiyun Kan ,&nbsp;Fusheng Wen ,&nbsp;Jia Sun ,&nbsp;Zengping Zhang ,&nbsp;Peijun Tian ,&nbsp;Yang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of bio-based materials can alleviate the pressure on petroleum resources and promote the eco-friendly and sustainable development of road engineering. This study prepared EP/MYM/CTBN (EMC) epoxy asphalt and mixtures using the bio-based curing agent Maleic anhydride/Laurene (MYM). First, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized to track the changes in functional groups within the EMC epoxy asphalt system. Second, the curing process of EMC epoxy asphalt was observed using fluorescence microscopy (FM). Then, tensile test, viscosity test, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to study the mechanical properties, viscosity characteristics, and microstructure of EMC epoxy asphalt with different modifier dosages. Finally, the road performance of EMC epoxy asphalt was investigated. The results showed that the curing reaction of EP and MYM improved the high temperature performance of the asphalt. The three-dimensional crosslinked network of EMC epoxy asphalt was gradually formed with increasing curing time. The three-dimensional network stabilized at a curing time of 240 min, giving the material excellent mechanical properties. The optimum content of EMC was determined to be 50 % of the total mass of EMC epoxy asphalt. The high temperature stability of EMC epoxy asphalt mixtures is close to that of petroleum-based epoxy asphalt mixtures, and due to the addition of CTBN, EMC epoxy asphalt mixtures have excellent low-temperature performance and water stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103980"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterization of aging properties of graphene oxide modified asphalt binder","authors":"Teng Li ,&nbsp;Kang Jiang ,&nbsp;Kefei Liu ,&nbsp;Quan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fundamental reason why thermal-oxidative aging can greatly affect the physical properties, mechanical properties, rheological properties and durability of asphalt is that the molecular structure and colloidal structure of asphalt are changed due to volatilization, oxidation and spatial hardening. To study the possible chemical changes of graphene oxide (GO) modified asphalt after aging and reveal its action mechanism, this study analyzed how GO changes the process of thermal-oxidative aging of asphalt from the perspective of molecular structure, and evaluated the aging properties of GO modified asphalt by testing the content change of each characteristic functional group in asphalt after thermal-oxidative aging. The results show that GO can significantly increase the content of amide groups (0.0018 %) in the base asphalt, which in turn enhances the adhesion and toughness of asphalt, reduces the brittleness of asphalt and improves the bearing strength. The addition of GO effectively inhibited the increase of carboxylic acid and ketone content in asphalt caused by aging. Amide is the aging product of asphalt exposed to air, and the presence of amide promotes the formation of hydrogen bonds, which is more conducive to the miscibility of GO and asphalt. The modification effect of GO on base asphalt is better than SBS-modified asphalt. The results of AFM show that GO-modified asphalt has a better proportion of components and a more stable colloidal structure, and the adhesion performance of GO-modified asphalt is significantly improved. GO can obviously improve the aging resistance and slow down the aging rate of asphalt, indicating that GO can improve the pavement performance and extend the service life of asphalt pavement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103974"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of electrical conductivity in epoxy-based adhesives and polyurethane adhesives through the addition of graphene nanoplatelets before and after thermal aging","authors":"Marta García-Moreno,&nbsp;Cristina Alía,&nbsp;César Domínguez,&nbsp;Lucía Garijo,&nbsp;Fernando Gómez","doi":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2025.103973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the electrical conductivity of two commercial adhesives—epoxy-based and polyurethane-based—reinforced with varying concentrations of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) (0–30 % by volume) and evaluates the influence of thermal aging on this property. Using a custom-designed two-prong uniaxial measurement method that accounts for specimen volume and current pathways, the results reveal a consistent increase in conductivity with higher GNP concentrations. Across all concentrations, the polyurethane adhesive exhibited superior conductivity compared to the epoxy-based adhesive. Notably, the addition of 30 % GNPs doubled the conductivity in both adhesives relative to their unreinforced counterparts. Thermal aging, performed at 70 °C for 16 h, further enhanced conductivity for both adhesives, particularly at lower GNP concentrations for epoxy and across nearly all concentrations for polyurethane, with increases of up to 200 %. These improvements are attributed to more complete polymerization during aging, optimizing the conductive pathways. The findings highlight the potential of GNP-reinforced adhesives for applications requiring enhanced electrical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13732,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 103973"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}