International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Prognostic Value of the Systemic Immuno-Inflammation Index (SII) in the Formation of Seroma and Hematoma Following Thyroidectomy.","authors":"Gokhan Toptas, Hande Arslan, Sumeyra Doluoglu, Sevket Aksoy, Latif Akan, Esma Altan, Omer Bayir, Guleser Saylam, Mehmet Hakan Korkmaz","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1810078","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1810078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of the Systemic Immuno-Inflammation Index (SII) for predicting the development of seroma and hematoma after thyroidectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 127 patients who underwent thyroidectomy between January 2017 and May 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups: those who developed seroma or hematoma (study group) and those who did not (control group). Preoperative SII scores were calculated using routine blood parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 127 patients included, 29 (22.8%) developed seroma or hematoma postoperatively. The mean preoperative SII score was significantly higher in the study group compared with the control group (750 ± 86.3 versus 591.5 ± 32.8; <i>p</i>  = 0.04). ROC analysis determined an optimal SII cutoff value of 535, with a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 53% for predicting these complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The preoperative SII score may serve as a useful predictor for the development of seroma and hematoma following thyroidectomy. Further studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are needed to validate these findings and refine the clinical applicability of SII in predicting postoperative complications in thyroid cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of Ecological Momentary Assessment in the Indian Context to Address Challenges Associated with Hearing-Aid Use.","authors":"Puttaraju Sahana, Chaithra M Chandrashekhar","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811655","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1811655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involves the repeated real-time or near real-time sampling of individuals' behaviors and experiences within their natural settings, offering insights into the daily challenges experienced by individuals with hearing impairment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to evaluate EMA's feasibility and construct validity in the Indian context, assessing its effectiveness in analyzing hearing aid outcomes at different times.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve participants, aged between 49 and 66 (mean: 57.83) years, with bilateral hearing loss, participated in the study. A prospective cohort study was conducted from July to November 2023. Ecological momentary assessments were administered using a questionnaire hosted on Microsoft Forms (Microsoft Corp.), with links sent via WhatsApp (Meta Platforms, Inc.) 3 times daily over 10 days. On average, participants completed 3 surveys daily, each consisting of 15 questions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 237 entries was collected, with a 65.83% compliance rate. Most entries highlighted the evident advantages of hearing aids, especially in quiet surroundings. Utilizing Friedman's and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for comparative analysis, significant variations were observed in EMA entries over time within identical listening environments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The benefits of hearing aids in quiet environments were emphasized due to their capacity to restore audibility. The significant variations in individual preferences within the same environment emphasize the necessity for personalized hearing aid settings. These discrepancies in EMA entries highlight the importance of incorporating objective background noise measurements in surveys to optimize hearing aid performance. Ecological momentary assessment surveys provide valuable insights into listener preferences, facilitating optimal adjustments.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infections in Young Children: What Routine Tests Do Not Tell.","authors":"Stijn Bogaert, Hannah Lukasik, Panagiotis Georgiou, Philipp Gude, Sonja Farajzadeh, Stefan Dazert, Olaf Michel, Konstantin van Ackeren, Stefan Volkenstein","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809649","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1809649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a global emergency. Screening protocols vary regarding the epidemiological situation and the dominant virus variant. Implementing these protocols can be particularly challenging in young children.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing in small children. Furthermore, hidden severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron infections, missed by routine PCR testing, were intraoperatively analyzed, and multiple testing methods were compared.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present prospective cohort study was performed between March and May 2022. All children aged ≤ 6 years who were admitted for adenoidectomy and/or tonsillotomy to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery of the Saint Elisabeth Hospital, in Bochum, Germany, were included. Routine PCR swabs were performed ≤ 24 hours before surgery. Intraoperatively, rapid antigen tests, separate naso- and oropharyngeal PCR swabs, adenoid and/or tonsillar tissue for PCR analysis, and serological tests were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 55 children with negative preoperative PCR tests. Intraoperatively, SARS-CoV-2 particles were detected in 51% of the sample. Among children without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection within 90 days before surgery, the prevalence was 43%. Compared with the PCR results regarding tissue, the preoperative PCR screening had a sensitivity of 20%, and, in the intraoperative PCR screening, the optimally performed swabs had a sensitivity of 79%. In total, 29% of the positive cases had a cycle threshold (Ct) value < 30. Nasopharyngeal PCR tests detected significantly more SARS-CoV-2 infections than oropharyngeal swabs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Routine PCR tests in infants may present a high rate of false-negative results and a low sensitivity. These findings question preoperative screening protocols that include testing asymptomatic children who have recovered from a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transoral Endoscopic-Assisted Adenoidectomy: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Mohamed Zahran, Ahmed Ashour","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811954","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1811954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adenoidectomy, with or without tonsillectomy, is a common pediatric surgical procedure. It has been noted that blind curettage has many drawbacks. First of all, it cannot completely remove the adenoid tissue from the posterior choana or the margins of the Eustachian tube orifices, which leads to incomplete removal. Secondly, applying curettage blindly may damage the Eustachian tube opening.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To illustrate our surgical technique for a successful and safe adenoidectomy using a transoral 70° endoscope.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present was a prospective study carried out from December 2022 to September 2024. All patients had adenoid hypertrophy either alone or with tonsillar hypertrophy. There were 46 female and 50 male patients, all of whom underwent transoral endoscopic adenoidectomy using a 70° scope.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 96 patients included in this study. The mean age was 5 years and 8 months. Of that total, 35 cases were revisions. The primary procedure was done 12 to 26 months prior (mean: 19). All patients were compliant for the scheduled fiberoptic scope 1 year after surgery. We found that 4 patients (4.16%) had small adenoid regrowth, primarily near the Eustachian tube orifices, without causing any symptoms or airway compromise.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transoral endoscopic adenoidectomy is a technically viable procedure that is better than the traditional curettage method. There was reduced likelihood of incomplete adenoid removal, and it is nearly impossible to damage adjacent structures, making it safer than blind curettage.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larynx Injuries After Orotracheal Intubation: What are Risk Factors Observed in Patients with Covid?","authors":"Leticia Felix, Gabriel de Souza Mares, Lara Freire Bezerril Soares, Romualdo Suzano Louzeiro Tiago, Sergio Roberto Nacif","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1812320","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1812320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the risk factors for the development of laryngotracheal injuries in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) undergoing orotracheal intubation (OTI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort study was performed with intubated patients diagnosed with COVID-19, hospitalized from March 1st to October 31st, 2020. They were called for outpatient follow-up after being discharged from the hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 421 patients with COVID-19 (31%) who required OTI, of which the outcome was: hospital discharge for 172 (40.9%) and death for 249 (59.1%). Outpatient videoendoscopy was performed in 95 patients (55.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed a greater risk for the development of laryngotracheal injury in patients who presented an increase in leukocyte count at hospital admission with lymphopenia, hypoalbuminemia, increased arterial lactate, troponin, and total bilirubin, as well as endotracheal tube with larger caliber and pronation. Furthermore, patients who at the time of OTI showed greater inflammatory reactivity or developed coagulation disorders were also at greater risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Sinonasal Papilloma in a University Hospital.","authors":"Sanderson Endrew Gomes Leão, Michelle Queiroz Aguiar Brasil, João Coêlho Neto, Carolina Cincurá Barreto, Marcus Miranda Lessa, Clara Mônica Figueredo de Lima","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811638","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1811638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sinonasal papilloma is the most common benign tumor of the nasal cavity, with the inverted subtype being the most frequent. Its etiology remains highly controversial, but <i>Human Papillomavirus</i> (HPV) is believed to be associated with its pathogenesis. In addition to being locally aggressive, this tumor is characterized by high recurrence rates and malignant transformation potential.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with sinonasal papilloma who underwent surgery at a University Hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was performed analyzing the profile of patients diagnosed with sinonasal papilloma who underwent surgical treatment between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2023. Variables such as sociodemographic, symptoms, smoking history, tumor location, Krouse staging, surgical techniques, histological subtypes, recurrence, and malignant transformation were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher prevalence was observed among women (52.4%), with a mean age of 54.2 ± 12 years old, and without a history of smoking (61.9%). Nasal obstruction was the most reported symptom, with the left nasal cavity being more frequently affected. Most cases were classified as Krouse stage T3, and 85.7% of all analyzed cases were managed exclusively through endoscopic approaches. Inverted papilloma was the most common subtype (66.7%). Only 9.5% and 4.8% of patients experienced recurrence and malignant transformation, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sinonasal papilloma was more prevalent in middle-aged women with no history of smoking. The diagnosis and treatment of sinonasal papilloma remain delayed due to nonspecific symptoms and limited access to specialized healthcare in Brazil. Long-term follow-up is crucial for monitoring potential recurrence and malignant transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956412/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Microscopic and Endoscopic Stapedotomy: A Prospective Study.","authors":"Ishi Jain, Pradeep Singh Rawat","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811252","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1811252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stapedotomy is a procedure performed for the treatment of otosclerosis in which a small hole is created in the footplate stapes and a prosthesis is inserted from the incus to the vestibule.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aims to compare the benefits of endoscopic stapedotomy with those of microscopic stapedotomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 20 patients of the Outpatient Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) of a private medical college, who were diagnosed with otosclerosis and were scheduled to undergo stapedotomy. After they provided informed consent, the patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A underwent microscopic stapedotomy, and group B, endoscopic stapedotomy. Both the groups were compared in terms of intraoperative time, surgical approach, visualization of anatomical landmarks, extent of drilling of the posterosuperior part of external auditory canal, manipulation of the facial nerve, and postoperative pain, dizziness, and hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A postural approach was required in 4 patients in group A. Visualization of the anatomical landmarks was better in group B. The extent of drilling of the posterosuperior part of the external auditory canal was minimal in group B, whose patients only experienced mild dizziness and low levels of pain postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both techniques demonstrated high efficacy in improving hearing outcomes and reducing postoperative complications. Endoscopic stapedotomy offers enhanced visualization of anatomical landmarks and requires minimal drilling and minimal manipulation of the facial nerve. Moreover, the endoscopic procedure results in lower levels of postoperative pain and dizziness, as well as better cosmetic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12956401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147354906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Impact of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Vocal Function.","authors":"Omnia Zakaria Elshebl, Asmaa Eldesouky Mohamed, Salwa Ahmed Abdelhay Ahmed","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811696","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1811696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects lung function, but its impact on vocal function remains understudied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationship involving COPD severity and vocal acoustic parameters and to assess the correlations regarding acoustic measures and pulmonary function tests in clinically stable COPD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present observational study included 40 COPD patients diagnosed according to the 2023 guidelines of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). All patients underwent spirometry, an otorhinolaryngological examination, and acoustic voice analysis, including fundamental frequency (F0), harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR), jitter, and shimmer. The Arabic version of the Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) questionnaire was used to assess voice-related impairment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample had a mean age of 65 ± 6 years, with 92.5% of male subjects. Dysphonia was observed in 57.5% of the patients. Laryngoscopic findings included Reinke's edema (42.5%), laryngitis (25%), polypoid degeneration (20%), and phonasthenia (12.5%). The acoustic analysis revealed significant negative correlations involving pulmonary function parameters and vocal measures. The regression analysis demonstrated forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) as significant predictors of mean pitch, jitter, and shimmer, with each unit increase in FEV1 associated with a decrease in these acoustic measures ( <i>p</i>  < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The severity of COPD is significantly associated with acoustic voice alterations, with disease progression leading to measurable impairments in vocal function. These findings highlight the importance of voice assessment in COPD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"29 4","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12614902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145540473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining Pure-Tone Average Calculations for Reporting Hearing Outcomes: Advocating a Shift to the Logarithmic Mean.","authors":"Ali Faramarzi","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1801853","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1801853","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"29 3","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12614901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145540437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes After Superficial Parotidectomy - Comparison of Three Reconstruction Techniques: An Interventional Clinical Study.","authors":"Sherif M Askar, Abd El-Raof Said, Tamer Oraby, Ibrahim Khaled, Mahmoud A Megahed, Ali M Awad","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809930","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1809930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Preauricular defects is one of the main concerns after superficial parotidectomy. Plastic surgeons have described many filling techniques to overcome the problem.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To discuss and compare the esthetic and functional outcomes of three postsuperficial parotidectomy reconstruction techniques: partial-thickness, superiorly based sternocleidomastoid muscle flap, en-bloc fat grafting, and platelet-rich fibrin gel.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 29 adult patients submitted to reconstruction after superficial parotidectomy by partial-thickness, superiorly based sternocleidomastoid muscle flap, en-bloc fat grafting, and platelet-rich fibrin gel. A subjective evaluation of the overall facial appearance was conducted through a 5-point visual analog scale filled out by the patient, a close relative, and 3 blind staff members.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regarding the visual analog scale, in the comparison between the three groups (at the sixth and the twelfth months), the fat group reported the highest mean for satisfaction (3.4 ± 1.1 and 3.83 ± 0.97 respectively) and showed a highly-significant difference when compared to the sternocleidomastoid muscle flap and the platelet-rich fibrin gel groups ( <i>p</i>  = 0.0001 and 0.016 respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parotidectomy with immediate reconstruction of the surgical defect with an en-block fat graft provides better esthetic outcomes than sternocleidomastoid muscle flap and platelet-rich fibrin gel after 1 year. The sternocleidomastoid muscle flap and fat techniques resulted in minimal surgical-site morbidity and lower likelihood of developing Frey's syndrome. The fat graft yielded the best degree of cosmetic satisfaction with minimal morbidity. Fat overcorrection is recommended.<b>Level of Evidence</b> : 4.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"29 4","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12530910/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145329200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}