International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Music Therapy and Tinnitus Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ronaldo Kennedy de Paula Moreira, Maurício Freire Garcia, Patrícia Cotta Mancini, Anna Paula Batista de Ávila Pires, Luciana Macedo de Resende","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811695","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1811695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tinnitus is the perception of sound without an external source. Various treatments and therapeutic strategies for tinnitus have been used. More recently, this includes music therapy (MT), which aims to mask tinnitus using specific musical elements such as rhythm, melody, harmony, and tempo.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify evidence in the literature regarding the use of MT for the treatment of tinnitus, the techniques employed, and the outcomes achieved.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>In the present systematic review, we searched for articles in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO databases, up until January 2024. The search included articles published in English, Portuguese, and German. Articles on the use of MT for the treatment of tinnitus were included. Duplicates, literature reviews, case reports, letters, and editorials were excluded. The descriptors used were \" <i>music therapy</i> \", \" <i>acoustic stimulation</i> \" and \" <i>tinnitus</i> \". Random effects models using the restricted maximum likelihood method were used to estimate the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes. The seardescriptions resulted in the initial selection of 552 articles containing one or more descriptors in the article title. We selected 211 for abstract review, and 48 were selected for full-text review. Finally, 23 articles published between 2005 and 2022 were selected for meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As an effective method for the treatment of tinnitus, MT stimulates the peripheral and central auditory pathways as well as central para-auditory pathways (related to attention, concentration, memory, and emotions).</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147480653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Tonsillectomy Complication Rates in a Global Underserved Community to Those of a Tertiary Medical Center.","authors":"Russell A Whitehead, Evan A Patel, Julio A Roque Buenrostro, Regina Elmudesi Del Rio, Isamar Fernandez, Bryan A Himmel, Stephanie Crane, Ashok Jagasia","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1817803","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1817803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding surgical outcomes in diverse settings is crucial for safe delivery of healthcare to underserved communities. Insufficient research has been done analyzing postoperative complications in regions with limited access to healthcare resources.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare postoperative complications from tonsillectomies and adenoidectomies on global health trips to an underserved community to those of a tertiary academic medical center (TAMC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data was collected via phone survey with patients from 2 2023 surgical trips to Azua, in the Dominican Republic (DR), sponsored by a TAMC, including surgery type, postoperative healthcare visits, and postoperative complications. The same data was collected via retrospective chart review from patients at a TAMC in 2023. The surgeries included were tonsillectomy adenoidectomy (T&A), tonsillectomy (T), and adenoidectomy (A). A statistical analysis compared non-routine healthcare visits and postoperative complications between populations using the Fisher's exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the DR, 168 patients (mean age: 8 years) underwent T&A (n = 113), T (n = 34), and A (n = 21). At the TAMC, 520 patients (mean age: 7.8 years) underwent T&A (n = 288), T (n = 123), and A (n = 109). No patients from the DR reported postoperative bleeding within 2 weeks of surgery, compared to 23 patients from the TAMC ( <i>p</i>  < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in trouble swallowing and uncontrolled pain within 2 weeks between the populations ( <i>p</i>  = 0.673 and 0.465).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The T&A procedures on global health trips to underserved communities were not associated with increased rates of life-threatening complications compared with a TAMC. Surgical trips can provide safe and effective otolaryngologic care to patients in underserved communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147480644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mismatch Repair Proteins and CD45RO-Positive Lymphocytes in Malignant and Benign Salivary Gland Tumors: A Favorable Association with Disease Clinical Parameters.","authors":"Hamid Ghaderi, Yousef Mohammadi, Simin Ahmadvand, Akbar Safaei, Sajjad Gerdabi, Fatemeh Asadian, Bijan Khademi, Mohammad Reza Haghshenas, Abbas Ghaderi","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1806721","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1806721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are uncommon lesions that account for 3 to 6% of head and neck cancers.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and CD45RO expression in salivary gland tumors (SGTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 of the MMR proteins family and CD45RO were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were scored to explore the rate of TILs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>None of the malignant and benign SGTs had partial or complete loss of at least one of the MMR proteins. Mucoepidermoid carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, salivary ductal carcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas as malignant tumor types, and pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumors as the most common benign tumors showed considerable differences in terms of the infiltration of TILs and CD45RO. Malignant tumors exhibited a notable difference in the infiltration of CD45RO ⁺ cells compared to benign ones. Both the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage and the histological grade were shown to be linked with the infiltration status of CD45RO ⁺ cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results show that MMR deficiency might be insignificant and less relevant in SGTs. However, differences in TIL rate and CD45RO expression indicate that each of the SGT tumor types may have distinguished immune microenvironments. Malignant SGTs have higher infiltration of activated immune cells, and, thereby, these cells can be considered as good indicators of patient's status.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147480598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Two Types of Headphones Used in a Tablet-Based Automated Hearing Screening Method in Different Noise Conditions.","authors":"Camila P Aquino, Clayton H Rocha, Camila M Rabelo, Seisse Gabriela Gandolfi Sanches, Carla G Matas, Alessandra G Samelli","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811515","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1811515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the performance of two types of supra-aural headphones in both silence and noise in automated hearing screening in adults via tablet computers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Basic audiological assessments and audiometry screenings via tablet were conducted in silence and noise in 35 participants. The hearing screening application assesses frequencies of 1, 2, and 4 kHz (20 dBHL) and 0.5 kHz (30 dBHL) in each ear separately. Two different headphones were tested: TDH 39 (Telephonics Corporation) and Sennheiser HD 280 PRO (Sennheiser) (with passive noise cancellation)-in silence, white noise, and cafeteria noise, emitted in a free field. The screening results were compared with the gold standard (audiometry).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of the 35 participants with Sennheiser HD 280 PRO were compatible with the gold standard in the 3 situations. With TDH 39, the results of 33 individuals in silence and 34 in white noise were compatible with the gold standard. Both headphones, in automated screening in silence and noise, had 100% sensitivity, more than 93% specificity, and more than 94% accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both headphones performed well in the tablet automated hearing screening in the three situations. The HD 280 PRO performed better in silence and noise regarding specificity and accuracy. In cafeteria noise, there was no difference between the two headphones.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tongue Strength and Endurance in Healthy Brazilian Adults Measured with the IOWA Oral Performance Instrument.","authors":"André Valadares Siqueira, Leandro Castro Velasco, Marina Nahas Dafico Bernardes, Claudiney Candido Costa, Hugo Valter Lisboa Ramos, Noemi Grigoletto De Biase","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811594","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1811594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The tongue is one of the most important organs in the swallowing process, since impaired tongue function can decrease swallowing effectiveness and safety. Therefore, assessing tongue function is essential to help determine and treat swallowing disorders.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess tongue strength and endurance in healthy Brazilian adults and to analyze likely variations related to age range and sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 219 individuals > 18 years old, equally divided into age groups (18 to 39 years old, 40 to 60 years old, and > 60 years old, each group comprising 73 individuals), were assessed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) to measure tongue strength and endurance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tongue strength was significantly lower in older individuals (45.84 kilopascals [kPa]) than in the younger groups (54.16 kPa for young individuals and 54.36 kPa for middle-aged individuals). Similarly, tongue endurance was significantly lower in older individuals. Regarding sex, the assessed parameter only presented significant difference between men and women in the young adult group (men recorded tongue strength 10 kPa higher than that of women).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Normal values for tongue strength in the healthy Brazilian population were established. These values changed based on age group as older individuals presented lower tongue strength and endurance than younger ones. These results highlight the importance of taking age and sex into consideration when assessing tongue strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysphagia in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Aspects to be Considered when Seeking Quality of Life.","authors":"Geraldo Pereira Jotz, Amanda Dos Passos Sandrin, Arthur Viana Jotz, Vanessa Elias","doi":"10.1055/s-0046-1818586","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0046-1818586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Ear, Nose, and Throat Comorbidities among Children with Allergic Rhinitis.","authors":"Siwanut Rattanaphibunsiri, Orathai Jirapongsananuruk, Kitirat Ungkanont, Archwin Tanphaichitr, Navarat Kasemsuk, Vannipa Vathanophas","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1811517","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1811517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Children with allergic rhinitis (AR) may develop comorbidities due to chronic inflammation affecting other systems. Surveillance, early detection, and prompt treatment are essential in managing these conditions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the prevalence and associated characteristics of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders, particularly adenoid hypertrophy (AH), tonsillar hypertrophy (TH), otitis media with effusion (OME), and rhinosinusitis (RS) in children with AR. Also, to assess potential risk factors associated with these comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 100 children aged 2 to 14 years with AR were enrolled. All patients underwent history taking, physical examination, and lateral skull X-ray processes by a pediatric otorhinolaryngologist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significantly higher incidence of TH in patients with moderate-to-severe persistent AR (54.5%) compared with those with mild intermittent AR (17.2%; <i>p</i>  = 0.006). Furthermore, AH was observed in 51.7% of children with mild intermittent AR, significantly more than in other severity groups ( <i>p</i>  = 0.037). The prevalence of TH, AH, OME, and RS was 41, 39, 8, and 1%, respectively. Additionally, OME was more common in suburban residents (14.3%) than in urban dwellers (2%; <i>p</i>  = 0.029). The most common aeroallergen was the house dust mite <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> (89%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The most common ENT comorbidity in AR children is TH, being related substantially to the level of severity. The most prevalent aeroallergen was found to be house dust mite. The pattern of association between AR and ENT comorbidities highlights the essence of our research findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herpes Zoster Oticus: Systematic Review of Clinical Prognostic Factors.","authors":"Arthur Justi Cassettari, Vagner Antônio Rodrigues Silva, Agrício Nubiato Crespo","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1810000","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1810000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Herpes Zoster Oticus is etiologically associated with the reactivation of the Varicella-Zoster virus in the geniculate ganglion. Its primary manifestation includes pain, vesicles in the external auditory canal, and peripheral facial paralysis. The prognosis of the syndrome remains under scrutiny and debate, fluctuating based on symptom severity and clinical manifestation. The scarcity of articles accurately correlating clinical presentation and prognosis, coupled with individual factors and the syndrome's rarity, constrains more comprehensive analyses.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To conduct a systematic review to determine whether it is possible to predict the prognosis of RHS based on clinical factors.</p><p><strong>Data synthesis: </strong>This study identified a total of 6,464 articles within the databases, which were subsequently evaluated by two independent researchers. Sixty-two articles underwent full-text examinations, and following meticulous selection criteria, twelve articles were ultimately incorporated into this study. Factors such as age, onset of House-Brackmann degree, dizziness, hearing loss, time to treatment initiation, and comorbidities appear to exert influence on prognosis. The articles exhibit methodological limitations and discrepancies among them, stemming from variations in prognostic concepts, treatment protocols, evaluation timing, or reported outcomes. These variations hinder the possibility of conducting a methodologically sound comparison, regardless of how closely aligned the trials are with the theme.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review concludes that it is not possible to definitively assert the presence of a clinical parameter defining the prognosis in Herpes Zoster Oticus.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intraoperative Nerve Monitorization on Predicting Vocal Cord Paralysis in Thyroid Surgery.","authors":"Başak Yalçıner, Ömer Bayır, Muhammed Kızılgül, Bekir Uçan, Güleser Saylam, Emel Çadallı Tatar, Erman Çakal, Sibel Alicura Tokgöz, İlker Akyıldız, Mehmet Hakan Korkmaz","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1810079","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1810079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis is a distressing complication of thyroidectomy, and many methods have been investigated for prevention.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of our study is to investigate to what extent intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) predicts postoperative RLN paralysis and what factors may be causing it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent thyroidectomy in our clinic between January 2014 and December 2020 were included. Patient diagnoses, demographic characteristics, laboratory and imaging results, surgical information, and IONM results were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 287 patients and 523 RLNs were evaluated. Twenty-two (4.2%) of the RLNs were paralytic. The rate of paralysis was significantly higher in total thyroidectomies than in lobectomies ( <i>p</i>  = 0.046), permanent paralysis rate was higher in left RLNs. Malignancy was statistically associated with permanent paralysis ( <i>p</i>  = 0.017). The rate of overall and permanent paralysis was higher in patients with negative results of first, second response, first, and second laryngeal twitch examinations. The means of the first and second responses of the paralyzed RLNs were lower ( <i>p</i>  = 0.016, <i>p</i>  < 0.01, respectively). The sensitivity of the IONM increased when the new thresholds of the first and second responses were determined to be 155 and 170 µv, respectively, by ROC analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that voltage variation and magnitude obtained from IONM can be predictive and sensitivity can be increased by using a threshold higher than 100 µV and patients in this range may be at risk for RLN paralysis. Our results may guide future studies of IONM and risk scoring systems to be developed for RLN paralysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Universal Screening of Newborns from a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: A Prospective Analytical Study.","authors":"K Ngohlaki, Kalaiarasi Raja, Akshat Kushwaha, H T Lalthanthuami, Lokesh Kumar Penubarthi, Sunil Kumar Saxena, Arun Alexander, Sivaraman Ganesan","doi":"10.1055/s-0045-1809928","DOIUrl":"10.1055/s-0045-1809928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of hearing impairment and significant risk factors for congenital loss in a tertiary hospital in South India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Over 3 years, a prospective analytical study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology in a tertiary hospital in South India. All newborns born in the hospital or those referred were initially screened using the Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) in a soundproof room by a trained audiologist at 24 to 48 hours of birth. Results were either \"PASS\" or \"REFER.\" Those who did not pass the initial screening were retested with TEOAE at their 6-week vaccination appointment. If the second result was \"REFER,\" the neonate underwent Brain Evoked Response Auditory (BERA) for confirmation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,679 neonates (1,931 males, 1,748 females) underwent TEOAE testing. Of those, 2,426 (65.9%) passed the first test, and 1,253 (34.1%) were referred. The second TEOAE test was done for 1,174 patients, with results of 1,013 (86.29%) as \"PASS\" and 161 (13.71%) as \"REFER.\" The BERA results of 95 neonates showed normal in 84 (88.42%), and 11 (11.58%) had profound hearing loss. The prevalence of hearing impairment in the present study was 0.29% (95% CI: 0.2-0.6%). Major risk factors such as maternal infections, like toxoplasmosis, others (syphilis, hepatitis B), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex (TORCH), craniofacial anomalies, low birth weight < 1,500 g, low Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration (APGAR) scores (0-4 at 1 minute and 0-6 at 5 minutes), and mechanical ventilation lasting for 5 days or longer, were significantly associated with hearing impairment at <i>p</i>  < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Newborn hearing screenings must be made mandatory, irrespective of risk factors. This way, early diagnosis and necessary interventions can be implemented.</p>","PeriodicalId":13731,"journal":{"name":"International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12978956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}