Injury Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Economic impact on local businesses of road safety improvements in Seattle: implications for Vision Zero projects.","authors":"Daniel R Osterhage, Jessica Acolin, Paul A Fishman, Andrew L Dannenberg","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-044934","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-044934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Local transportation agencies implementing Vision Zero road safety improvement projects often face opposition from business owners concerned about the potential negative impact on their sales. Few studies have documented the economic impact of these projects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined baseline and up to 3 years of postimprovement taxable sales data for retail, food and service-based businesses adjacent to seven road safety projects begun between 2006 and 2014 in Seattle. We used hierarchical linear models to test whether the change in annual taxable sales differed between the 7 intervention sites and 18 nearby matched comparison sites that had no road safety improvements within the study time frame.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average annual taxable sales at baseline were comparable at the 7 intervention sites (US$44.7 million) and the 18 comparison sites (US$56.8 million). Regression analysis suggests that each additional year following baseline was associated with US$1.20 million more in taxable sales among intervention sites and US$1.14 million more among comparison sites. This difference is not statistically significant (p=0.64). Sensitivity analyses including a random slope, using a generalised linear model and an analysis of variance did not change conclusions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Results suggest that road safety improvement projects such as those in Vision Zero plans are not associated with adverse economic impacts on adjacent businesses. The absence of negative economic impacts associated with pedestrian and bicycle road safety projects should reassure local business owners and may encourage them to work with transportation agencies to implement Vision Zero road safety projects designed to eliminate traffic-related injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"468-473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139912566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State expansion of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program eligibility and rates of firearm-involved deaths in the United States.","authors":"Rebeccah Lyn Sokol, Anna E Austin","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045035","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Poverty is a consistent correlate of firearm-involved mortality, yet little work has considered the effects of social and economic policies on these deaths. This study examined associations of state elimination of the asset test and increases in the income limit for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligibility with rates of firearm-involved suicide and homicide deaths in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This ecological repeated cross-sectional study used 2015-2019 data from the SNAP Policy Database and death certificate data from the National Vital Statistics System. The exposures were (1) state elimination of the asset test for SNAP eligibility and (2) state elimination of the asset test and increases in the income limit for SNAP eligibility, compared with (3) state adoption of neither policy. The outcomes were firearm-involved suicide deaths and firearm-involved homicide deaths. The research team conducted mixed-effects regressions to estimate associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>State elimination of the asset test for SNAP eligibility (incidence rate ratio (IRR), 0.67; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.91) and state adoption of both eliminating the asset test and increasing the income limit for SNAP eligibility (IRR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.92) were associated with decreased rates of firearm-involved suicide deaths compared with state adoption of neither policy. There were no associations with state firearm-involved homicide rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SNAP is an important social safety net programme that addresses food insecurity, and the present results suggest it may also contribute to reducing firearm-involved suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"462-467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139746492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harms and Benefits Inventory (HBI): initial validation of a novel assessment of perceived harms and benefits of firearm policies and practices.","authors":"Damion Grasso, Kerri M Raissian, L Doucette, Austen Bradley McGuire, Jennifer Necci Dineen","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045073","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding gun owners' perceptions of potential firearm policies' harms and benefits is critical to successful policy development and implementation. We used national survey data to develop and validate a novel instrument, the Harms and Benefits Inventory (HBI), for policy-makers and advocates to better consider the citizen perspective.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a nationally representative survey of American gun owners and non-owners (N=2007) using the Social Science Research Solutions probability panel. The survey included 31 candidate HBI items and questions about gun ownership and exposure, storage and carry behaviours, policy positions, and sociodemographic characteristics. Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were conducted on HBI items from a randomly selected subsample (N=1003) and then tested with a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on data from the second half of the sample (N=1004).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The best-fitting EFA model was upheld in the CFA and included 21 items with 5 underlying factors. Underlying factors included: (1) firearm regulation, cost and accessibility, (2) special restrictions, (3) permit and education, (4) relaxed restrictions and (5) and hobby and sport. Internal consistency was good to excellent within each of the five scales. Validity was supported by correlations between HBI scales and survey questions.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings support the validity of the HBI in assessing perceptions of potential harms and benefits of firearm policies and practices. Understanding perceptions of potential harms and benefits of gun policies at the time of development or implementation can improve uptake and reduce unintended consequences of these policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"474-480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11672043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140189676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firearm access, carriage and use in an ethnically diverse sample of young adults in Texas, USA.","authors":"Yu Lu, Elizabeth Baumler, Annalyn Saludares DeMello, Leila Wood, Hillary McGuire, Jeff R Temple","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-044989","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-044989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b> Despite the high rates of firearm ownership and firearm-related injuries and mortalities in Southern US states, understandings on the factors contributing to these are lacking. <b>Methods</b> Using wave 10 (2021) data from a longitudinal study, we examined firearm-related experiences among 636 ethnically diverse young adults (mean age=26 years; 62% female) in Texas, USA. <b>Results</b> Just over half of participants had ready access to firearms, with 22.3% having carried a firearm outside of their home, 4.9% having been threatened with a firearm by a romantic partner and 4.4% by a non-romantic partner. More firearm access and carriage were reported in males, white participants and those with >US$50 000 income. More females than males had been threatened with a firearm by a romantic partner, but more males than females had been threatened by a non-partner. Participants with recent financial difficulties were proportionally more likely to be threatened with a firearm than those without difficulties. <b>Conclusion</b> Findings emphasise the alarming rate of firearm access and carriage in Texas and highlight the disparities in firearms experiences by sociodemographic characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"521-525"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11366038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140012484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes toward physician-provided gun safety counselling among current and prospective gun owners in the USA.","authors":"Tara D Warner","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Americans increasingly perceive that homes with guns are safer than those without, and physician counselling about in-home firearm safety and injury risks occurs infrequently, despite encouragement from major medical organisations (eg, American Medical Association, American Academy of Pediatrics). Safety counselling that does occur may be limited to gun owners at high risk of injury; however, given the increasing rates of first-time gun ownership in the USA, understanding attitudes toward firearms and firearm safety messaging among persons who may become firearm owners is needed to inform and support continued injury prevention efforts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Survey data from a cross-section of firearm owners (n=396) and non-owners (n=551) collected in February 2023 was used to examine differences in perceptions about the safety of firearm households, openness toward firearm safety counselling and comfort with law enforcement compared with physician firearm safety discussions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over three-quarters of current and possible future gun owners agreed that firearms make homes safer, compared with just over one-third of non-owners. All three groups favoured law enforcement over physicians for firearm safety messengers and were more comfortable speaking with law enforcement than physicians about firearm safety.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Public health and injury prevention safety counselling that combines messaging from law enforcement and medical perspectives may be similarly accessible for both current firearm owners and those considering owning firearms in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social isolation and firearm secure storage in the USA: results from the 2022 BRFSS.","authors":"Alexander Testa, Daniel Semenza, Dylan B Jackson, Karyn Fu, Sandra McKay, Kyle T Ganson, Jason M Nagata, Jack Tsai","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Firearm secure storage (ie, storing firearms unloaded and locked) is recommended to reduce unintentional injuries and suicides. However, the relationship between psychological states, such as social isolation, and firearm secure storage practices is under-researched.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data are from 7136 individuals with firearms in their households from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Multinomial logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between social isolation and firearm storage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among respondents, 71.6% reported storing firearms unloaded, 14.2% stored firearms loaded and locked and 14.2% stored firearms loaded and unlocked. Most respondents reported feeling 'never' (40.7%) or 'rarely' (33.3%) socially isolated, with 18.7% reporting 'sometimes', 4.3% 'usually' and 3.0% 'always' feeling socially isolated. Covariate-adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that respondents who felt 'always' socially isolated had an over threefold greater risk of storing firearms loaded and unlocked (relative risk ratio=3.733, 95% CI 1.443 to 9.662, p=0.007) compared with unloaded.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest a link between feelings of social isolation and unsecured firearm storage. Public health strategies should address both firearm safety education and the underlying issue of social isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting injury control activities in violence-afflicted countries: one wedding and four funerals?","authors":"Louis-Rachid Salmi","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045441","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2024-045441","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":"30 6","pages":"441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community emergency medical services approaches to fall prevention: a systematic review.","authors":"Tynan H Friend, Hannah M Thomas, Alexander J Ordoobadi, Paul A Bain, Molly P Jarman","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045110","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Falls are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults in the USA. Current approaches to fall prevention often rely on referral by primary care providers or enrolment during inpatient admissions. Community emergency medical services (CEMS) present a unique opportunity to rapidly identify older adults at risk for falls and provide fall prevention interventions in the home. In this systematic review, we seek to assess the efficacy and qualitative factors determining success of these programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies reporting the outcomes of fall prevention interventions delivered by EMS were identified by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through 11 July 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>35 studies including randomised and non-randomised experimental trials, systematic reviews and qualitative research primarily from Western Europe, the USA, Australia and Canada were included in our analysis. Current fall prevention efforts focus heavily on postfall referral of at-risk community members. CEMS fall prevention interventions reduced all-cause and fall-related emergency department encounters, subsequent falls and EMS calls for lift assist. These interventions also improved patient health-related quality of life, independence with activities of daily living, and secondary health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CEMS programmes provide an opportunity for direct, proactive fall prevention on the individual level. Addressing barriers to implementation in the context of current emergency medical systems in the USA is the next step toward widespread implementation of these novel fall prevention interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"446-453"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11581924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing injury prevention programmes for ladies Gaelic football: a Delphi study.","authors":"John Corrigan, Sinéad O'Keeffe, Enda Whyte, Siobhán O'Connor","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High injury rates are evident in the community sport of ladies Gaelic football, and the costs associated with these injuries have major implications for players and the governing body. Injury prevention programmes have been designed but are not being widely adopted. This study aimed to elicit the expert opinion of academics and practitioners on the content and format of injury prevention programmes for ladies Gaelic football.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four experts from the areas of coaching science, injury prevention, athletic therapy and physiotherapy took part in this three-round Delphi study. Each round contained multiple-choice, Likert scale and open-ended questions. For each question, consensus was defined as 67% or greater agreement among experts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experts agreed that 17 components (eg, agility, balance) should be included in injury prevention programmes for ladies Gaelic football, with 12 considered vital for inclusion in most or every session. Programmes should require minimal/no equipment, be 10-15 min in duration and contain 3-4 versions of each exercise for progression and variation purposes. Experts recommended when certain components should be completed but generally agreed that programmes should be capable of being delivered throughout sessions. There was consensus among experts for 13 items (eg, pictures, exercise volume) to be included in full versions of programmes and six in condensed versions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The outcomes of this study provide the foundation for the development of future injury prevention programmes for ladies Gaelic football. Combining these findings with the preferences of end-users throughout programme development may enhance the efficacy of future injury prevention programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provision of basic swimming and water safety skills in low-resource environments: barriers and facilitators of use of WHO practical guidance.","authors":"Thomas Mecrow, Jill Fortuin Abrahams, Muhammad Said, Shayne Baker, James Bonney, Aminur Rahman, Amy E Peden","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045300","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2024-045300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>WHO guidance supports implementation of drowning prevention interventions. This study aimed to examine barriers and facilitators of use of WHO guidance on basic swimming and water safety skills in low-resource settings, gathering insights inform codesign of technical resources.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mixed methods were used comprising WHO guidance gap analysis, participant surveys and thematic analysis of workshop discussions (17 participants and 13 countries). WHO document analysis and analysis of pre-workshop survey responses were combined to identify topic areas where additional guidance was required. Inductive thematic analysis of workshop discussions spanned current practice, challenges and opportunities. Postworkshop anonymous evaluation forms were also analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four topic areas were identified that required additional technical guidance to support implementation: Site Safety Auditing; Medical Screening of Participants; Informed Consent and Emergency Action Planning. Barriers broadly spanned a lack of trained personnel and equipment as well as a lack of community understanding and varying support from external agencies. Opportunities identified included partnering with local organisations with specific expertise (ie, medical, emergency planning), improving programme administration and challenging traditional community practices (ie, informed consent, superstitions). Participants agreed the workshop would lead to changes in practice, however this remains to be confirmed.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Additional technical resources to address gaps and support implementation were suggested and should now be developed, implemented and evaluated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified additional technical resources and the development of a community of practice to support effective teaching of school age children swimming and water safety skills in low-resource settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}