Injury Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Explanatory capacity of measures of community context for paediatric injury hospitalisations in the USA.","authors":"Henry T Puls, Clemens Noelke, Kristyn N Jeffries, Daniel M Lindberg, Anna E Austin, Barbara H Chaiyachati, Matthew Hall","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045423","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2024-045423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Community context influences children's risk for injury. We aimed to measure the explanatory capacity of two ZIP code-level measures-the Child Opportunity Index V.3.0 (COI) and median household income (MHHI)-for rates of paediatric injury hospitalisations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cross-sectional population-based study of children living in 19 US states in 2017. We examined injury hospitalisation rates for three categories: physical abuse among children <5 years, injuries suspicious for abuse among infants <12 months and unintentional injuries among children <18 years. Hospitalisation counts were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project and population data from the US Census. The COI is a multidimensional measure of communities' education, health and environment and social and economic characteristics. We used pseudo R² values from Poisson regression models to describe the per cent of variance in rates of each injury category explained by the COI and MHHI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The COI explained 75.4% of the variability in rates of physical abuse, representing a 13.5% improvement over MHHI. The COI explained 58.5% of the variability in injuries suspicious for abuse, a 20.7% improvement over MHHI. The COI and MHHI explained 85.7% and 85.8% of the variability in unintentional injuries, respectively; results differed when unintentional injuries were stratified by mechanism and age.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The COI had superior explanatory capacity for physical abuse and injuries suspicious for abuse compared with MHHI and was similar for unintentional injury hospitalisations. COI represents a means of accounting for community advantage in paediatric injury data, research and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, mobility and the built environment: assessing risk factors for road traffic incidents during children's school journeys in urban Blantyre, Malawi - an observational study.","authors":"Monica Nzanga, Dennis Mazingi, Alejandra Piragauta Ruiz, Prasanthi Puvanachandra, Linda Chokotho, Bosco Exson Chinkonda, Blaise Murphet, Steve Manyozo Posthumous, Margaret Peden","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045562","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2024-045562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Road injuries are a leading cause of death in the 5-19 age group and pedestrian school children are a key vulnerable group. However, the road crash risks faced by school children in Malawi remain understudied. This study aims to describe and quantify the prevalence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed an observational study from July to December 2022. Data were collected through a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey, mobility survey, school-zone speed and pedestrian observations and star ratings for schools' assessments in six schools in Blantyre.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We surveyed 2466 students aged 12-16 and conducted safety assessments in the areas around these schools. Among surveyed children, 134 (5.4%) and 732 (29.7%) had been involved in a crash or 'near-miss' in the last 6 months. Receipt of road safety education in the past was not associated with involvement in a crash. 63.4% of vehicle observations were above the standard 30 km/hour safe speed limit, and star ratings from 2 to 5 stars.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite receipt of road-safety education, road crashes continue to affect students walking to school. Improvement of road markings, signs and pedestrian crossings is a key intervention to improve safety across all schools. Modest infrastructural improvements are required to raise star ratings to at least three in study sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Improving road safety for school children in Malawi requires targeted action focusing on ground truth assessments. Enhanced road safety awareness and practices at designated crossings, reduced speeds and improved infrastructure are potential targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor vehicle crash death rates among passenger vehicle occupants and pedestrians by county-level social vulnerability and urbanicity: the USA, 2019.","authors":"Vaughn Barry, Sarah Abigail Matthews, Laurie Beck, Sarah Rockhill, Kelly Fletcher, Bethany A West, Michael Ballesteros","doi":"10.1136/ip-2025-045633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2025-045633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Communities experiencing more social vulnerability are disproportionately harmed by environmental disasters, disease, and injury. This cross-sectional study examined whether US county-level vulnerability scores were associated with 2019 passenger vehicle occupant or pedestrian death rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>County-level vulnerability was measured by 2020 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index scores. Scores were based on 16 community-level characteristics categorised into 4 themes: socioeconomic status; household characteristics; race and ethnicity and housing type and transportation. Counties were divided into quartiles from least to most vulnerable, based on the score distribution among all counties. Deaths were identified from the 2019 Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Death rates per 100 000 population were stratified by vulnerability quartile and urbanicity. Large central metropolitan county results used the second least vulnerability quartile as reference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 328 320 065 people across 3140 counties, there were 22 942 occupant and 6272 pedestrian deaths. Occupant death rates were higher in most vulnerable counties compared with least for all urbanicity levels (large central metropolitan: 4.0 vs 2.8; large fringe metropolitan: 7.4 vs 5.2; medium/small metropolitan: 8.9 vs 7.0; non-metropolitan: 18.5 vs 12.2) with disparities prominent in counties experiencing more socioeconomic and household vulnerability. Pedestrian death rates were highest in most vulnerable counties compared with least (large central metropolitan: 2.5 vs 1.4; large fringe metropolitan: 3.3 vs 1.0; medium/small metropolitan: 2.8 vs 0.8; non-metropolitan: 2.4 vs 0.9) with disparities prominent for all four vulnerability types.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tailoring prevention strategies to communities experiencing infrastructure inadequacies, improving safe transportation options and reducing poverty may help reduce crash death disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Burden of Disease disability weights for the US National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - All Injury Program.","authors":"Madeline E Moberg, Jaimie D Steinmetz, Kanyin Liane Ong, Hailey Lenox, Ted R Miller, Cora Peterson","doi":"10.1136/ip-2025-045705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2025-045705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Measuring the impact of non-fatal injuries and violence is essential for informed public health policy-making and communications. This study aimed to generate new health-related quality of life data for a prominent US non-fatal injury surveillance source using disability weights derived from general population survey estimates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Disability weights reflecting severity as measured on a 0 (no disability) to 1 (death) scale, for 47 natures of injury from the Global Burden of Diseases, Risk Factors and Injuries Study (GBD) were mapped to 492 injury types in the US National Electronic Injury Surveillance System - All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP). The matching of GBD natures of injury to NEISS-AIP injury types was based on the underlying definitions for each injury diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average disability value weighted by incidence for all NEISS-AIP types was 0.073 (95% uncertainty interval: 0.050-0.097), and the range by injured body part and diagnosis was 0.006-0.408. Injuries that impacted large or critical body parts (lower trunk, upper trunk, head and neck) had the highest disability weights. Internal injuries, crushing, burns, nerve damage and fractures had higher disability weight values than lacerations, avulsions and contusions. The three most common NEISS-AIP non-fatal injury types during 2015-2020 were poisoning, internal injuries of the head and face lacerations, with disability weights of 0.163 (0.109-0.227), 0.168 (0.112-0.232) and 0.018 (0.010-0.029), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mapping of publicly available disability weights data to a prominent non-fatal injury surveillance source can improve opportunities to measure and communicate the health and economic impact of injuries and violence.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between handgrip strength and fall injuries among patients with chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Pinli Lin, Qi Liu, Wan Biyu, Lili Deng, Fang Tang","doi":"10.1136/ip-2025-045637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2025-045637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic kidney disease (CKD), often coexisting with various systemic disorders, may increase the risk of falls. This study aimed to investigate the associations between grip strength and fall injuries among patients with CKD, and whether these associations differ by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included patients with CKD from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between handgrip strength and fall injuries. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was employed to evaluate the predictive ability of handgrip strength for fall injuries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 657 participants with CKD were included, and the prevalence of fall injury rates was 26.5%. After adjustment, for each 1 kg increase in right handgrip strength, the fall incident rate decreased by 3% (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.00, p=0.023). Further analysis revealed a negative linear association between right handgrip strength and fall injuries, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.606 (95% CI 0.558 to 0.654, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study found a negative linear correlation between right handgrip strength and fall injuries rate among patients with CKD. Right handgrip strength could serve as a simple, low-cost screening tool for identifying patients with CKD at elevated risk of falls.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicide prevented or delayed? Suicide rates during North Carolina's stay-at-home order.","authors":"Vanessa E Miller, Brian W Pence, Monica E Swilley-Martinez, Kate Vinita Fitch, Andrew L Kavee, Pasangi S Perera, Zoey Song, Ishrat Z Alam, Bradley N Gaynes, Timothy S Carey, David B Goldston, Shabbar I Ranapurwala","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the impact of the COVID-19-related stay-at-home (SAH) order in North Carolina (NC) on suicide mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used controlled interrupted time series to examine weekly suicide death rates before, during and after the SAH order compared with 2015-2019 rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 1 January 2020 and 30 March 2020, the suicide death rate in NC was stable. On SAH order implementation, there was an immediate decline in the suicide rate of 2.0 deaths per 100 000 person-years (PYs) (95% CI -7.7, 3.7) during the first SAH week, relative to combined weekly data 2015-2019, followed by a sustained decline of 1.0 death per 100 000 PYs (95% CI -2.0, 0.1) per week over the eight weeks under SAH. On lifting the SAH order, we observed an immediate increase in suicide (3.7 per 100 000 PYs (95% CI -0.7, 8.2)) and from that point through the end of 2020, suicide mortality increased at a rate of 0.7 per 100 000 PYs (95% CI -0.2, 1.6) per week.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the SAH period, suicide mortality declined for 8 weeks but returned to prior rates after the SAH order was lifted. Increased family supervision and decreased access to lethal means may explain the observed reduction in suicide during the SAH order.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating water competency attainment among young children.","authors":"Stephen J Langendorfer, William Dominic Ramos, Angela Beale-Tawfeeq, Connie T Harvey, Briana Moreland, Julia A Bleser, Tessa Clemens","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Participation in swimming lessons may reduce drowning among young children (aged 1-5 years). We examined minimum and mean ages at which young children demonstrate components of unsupported water competency (without parent/instructor assistance) and the degree of improvement associated with different numbers of formal group swim lessons through two projects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Young children were enrolled in swim instruction programmes offered by a nationally recognised organisation. In project 1, four to eight 30-minute formal group swim lessons were offered. Project 2 increased the number to 12-18 lessons. We observed and categorised pre-/post-lesson developmental levels of components of water competency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant improvements from pre- to post-test were observed across all water competency components in both projects. During project 1, the youngest age category in which we observed unsupported water entry and water exit behaviours was 1-1.9 years. The youngest age category during which we observed unsupported breath control, back flotation/buoyancy and changing body orientation behaviours was 2-2.9 years old. The greatest improvement occurred in water exit, followed by breath control. Most children did not achieve unsupported water competency except in water entry and exit. Children achieved more advanced unsupported behaviours as age increased. Children enrolled in more lessons (12-18) acquired more components and more advanced levels of water competency than children in fewer lessons (4-8).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although swim skills improved in both projects, more research is needed to determine the optimal number of swimming lessons and the best methods of teaching lessons to young children for most to reach unsupported water competency levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unrealised potential of pool fencing and life jackets to prevent US drownings.","authors":"Cora Peterson, Elizabeth Ayangunna, Briana Moreland, Michael F Ballesteros, Curtis Florence, Tessa Clemens","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045597","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2024-045597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drowning causes more than 4500 deaths annually and is the leading cause of death among children aged 1-4 years old in the USA. Isolation pool fencing (ie, four-sided fencing to limit access from all adjoining areas including residences and yards) and use of US Coast Guard-approved life jackets while boating can prevent drowning, but preventable deaths still occur. This study aimed to estimate the annual health and economic burden of drowning likely attributable to inadequate pool fencing and not wearing life jackets while boating to highlight the unrealised value of these known prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A simple mathematical model used the most recent annual number of drowning deaths by decedent age in combination with previous study data to estimate the number of drowning deaths that might have been prevented through: (1) adequate isolation fencing for swimming pools among children aged <5 years old and (2) use of life jackets while boating for people of all ages. Prevention effectiveness estimates of pool fencing and life jackets were based on previous studies. Unit costs for drowning-related medical spending and avoidable mortality using the value of statistical life were from existing sources.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Proper use of swimming pool isolation fencing and always wearing a life jacket while boating could prevent an estimated 348 US drowning deaths and an economic cost of US$4.5 billion per year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Highlighting the effectiveness of drowning prevention strategies can help inform public attention to this issue and support cost-effective public health decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143968644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring programme implementation of a US paediatric hospital-based violence intervention programme by injury mechanism.","authors":"Hillary M Kapa, Julianna Berardi, Zijing Liu, Joel A Fein, Rachel K Myers","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hospital-based violence intervention programmes (HVIPs) support recovery following interpersonal violence, with most patients participating following firearm injuries. There remains insufficient understanding of who HVIPs serve and how programmes are implemented, especially among paediatric patients. We sought to describe the implementation of a paediatric HVIP and examine relationships between HVIP implementation metrics and mechanism of injury (firearm vs non-firearm).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using HVIP records from 2018 to 2023, identifying 2021 patients (8-18 years) treated at our urban paediatric trauma centre in the northeastern USA, 416 of whom enrolled in our HVIP. We conducted bivariate and multivariate regression analyses examining differences in patient-level characteristics and HVIP implementation by injury mechanism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most patients (94%) experienced non-firearm injuries. Firearm-injured patients were more likely to enrol in our HVIP (adjusted OR=4.01, 95% CI 2.64 to 6.14) than non-firearm-injured patients, though non-firearm-injured patients represented 85% of HVIP participants. In comparison to non-firearm-injured patients, firearm-injured patients had longer programme duration (adj_<i>B</i>=43.73, 95% CI 4.84 to 82.63 days), more documented encounters (adj_<i>B</i>=16.30, 95%CI 3.44 to 29.16) and more recovery goals (adj_<i>B</i>=3.37, 95%CI 1.21 to 5.52). HVIP goal resolution and graduation rates did not significantly differ by mechanism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study identified metrics to describe HVIP implementation among paediatric patients with diverse injury types and documented consistent HVIP engagement, retention and outputs for those with firearm and non-firearm injuries alike. Our work suggests the relevance, and acceptability of HVIPs for paediatric patients with diverse injuries and offers a framework for process measurement in future implementation, outcome and impact evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"User-driven instructions reduce errors in child restraint use: a randomised controlled trial in Sydney, Australia.","authors":"Julie Brown, Lisa Keay, Jane Elkington, Wennie Dai, Catherine Ho, Judith Charlton, Sjaan Koppel, Kirsten McCaffery, Andrew Hayen, Lynne E Bilston","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045213","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Crash injury risk is reduced when a child correctly uses an appropriate restraint; however, incorrect restraint use remains widespread. The aim of this study was to determine whether product information developed using a user-driven approach increases correct child restraint use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a two-arm double-blinded parallel randomised controlled trial in New South Wales, Australia 2019-2021. Participants were current drivers who were either an expectant parent or a parent of at least one child residing in the greater Sydney metropolitan area who were interested in purchasing a new child restraint. The intervention was user-driven product information consisting of instructions printed on an A3 sheet of paper, swing tags with key reminders and a video accessed via Quick Response codes printed on the materials. The control group received a postcard summarising legal child restraint requirements. The primary outcome was the correctness of child restraint use observed during home visit approximately 6 months after restraint purchase. Correct use was defined as no serious error or <2 minor errors. The secondary outcome was a count of observed errors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>427 participants were recruited. Home visits were conducted for 372 (190 intervention and 182 control). Correct use was more common in the intervention group (37.4%) compared with the control group (24.2%, p=0.006). Participants receiving the intervention were 1.87 times more likely to correctly use their restraint than those in the control group (95% CI 1.19 to 2.93).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results provide evidence for the effectiveness of user-driven instructions as a countermeasure to restraint misuse.</p><p><strong>Trial registration number: </strong>ACTRN12617001252303.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"217-222"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}