Injury Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Physical environmental roadway interventions and injury and death for vulnerable road users: a natural experiment in New York City.","authors":"Leah E Roberts, Brady Bushover, Christina A Mehranbod, Ariana N Gobaud, Carolyn Fish, Evan L Eschliman, Xiang Gao, Siddhesh Zadey, Christopher N Morrison","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045219","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study examined the effectiveness of three physical environmental roadway interventions (enhanced crossings, speed humps, and turn traffic calming) in preventing crashes involving pedestrian and cyclist injury and mortality in New York City.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined crashes that occurred within a 100-foot radius of intervention and control sites from 2015 to 2019. We used a staggered difference-in-difference design to estimate the association between each intervention type and pedestrian and cyclist crash outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Estimates for enhanced crossings and speed humps included the possibility of no association with crashes, but estimates for turn traffic calming interventions showed reduced odds of crashes involving pedestrian injury by 16% (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.95) and crashes involving pedestrian fatality by 80% (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.47). When stratifying by street segment length as a proxy for areas with high speeding risk, turn traffic calming treatments appeared to be most effective at intersections connected to long street segments.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Turn traffic calming may substantially reduce crash risks for pedestrians. Municipalities can prioritise this physical environmental intervention, especially at turns near long street segments, as a low-cost intervention with substantial public health impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"420-423"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Expression of concern about content of which Dr Paul McCrory is a single author</i>.","authors":"","doi":"10.1136/ip.2007.017624eoc","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip.2007.017624eoc","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140904143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of falls in rural elderly of Ningxia in China: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Qingan Wang, Guoqi Wang, Binxia Wang, Xiaoxia Li, Xiuying Liu, Ting Yin, Jinyun Jing, Yi Zhao","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045171","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify risk factors associated with falls in older people in rural China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort study was conducted across 27 villages in the rural areas of Ningxia, China. After excluding individuals younger than 60 years, a total of 758 out of the initial 822 participants were ultimately included for the collection of baseline information. Participants were followed up through telephone calls or face-to-face interviews at 3rd, 6th and 12th months following the baseline investigation. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to examine risk factors of falls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 758 participants underwent baseline information surveys, and all samples were included in the Cox model analysis. The study found that being woman (RR=1.879, 95% CI: 1.313 to 2.668), smoking (RR=1.972, 95% CI: 1.238 to 3.143), use of painkillers (RR=1.700, 95% CI: 1.226 to 2.356) and higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (RR=1.081, 95% CI: 1.013 to 1.154) were associated with higher risk of falls among the elderly in rural China. After excluding those who were lost to follow-up or deceased, 738 participants completed the follow-up. There were 341 men (46.2%) and 397 women (53.8%), with an average age of 66.8±5.0 years. The fall rate in study area was 23.8% during the follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The fall rate among the elderly in rural China was higher than other areas. Our findings revealed that being woman, smoking, medication usage, elevated SBP and people with a higher body mass index were risk factors for developing falls.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"401-407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Person-focused interventions for fall risk assessment, fall prevention and fall injury prevention in long-term care facilities: a scoping review.","authors":"Wonkyung Jung, Sungwon Lim, Dahee Wi, Andrew Ustach, Hilaire J Thompson","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045385","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2024-045385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Falls are a significant concern in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) as fall-related injuries can result in functional impairment, disability and death. Older adults living in LTCFs are at greater risk for falls than those in the community. Using scoping review methodology, we aimed to synthesise evidence examining intervention effects of person-focused interventions for risk assessment and prevention in LTCFs in order to identify evidence-based practices in LTCFs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included three databases (Ovid-Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE) to identify original research from 2007 to 2022 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline. From the initial search, we identified 988 articles. Following the removal of duplicates, title and abstract screening, and full-text review against inclusion/exclusion criteria, 20 studies remained for analysis. Then, we conducted a narrative synthesis to summarise the included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Identified evidence-based interventions for fall prevention include (1) exercise programmes (eg, high-intensity functional exercise, aerobic exercise, short stick exercises, etc); (2) multifactorial programmes; and (3) other interventions (eg, lavender olfactory stimulation). Outcomes of included studies included the number of falls, fall rate, risk of falls and fear of falls before and after interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, most studies reported significant effects of person-focused interventions in LTCFs. Available evidence supports that well-designed person-focused interventions can reduce falls and fear of falls for individuals in LTCFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"357-367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between family history of mandatory boarding school experiences and suicide risk in US reservation-based Native American youth: a cross-sectional analysis.","authors":"Teresa Brockie, Lawrence Wissow, Jacquelyn C Campbell, Jerreed Ivanich, Katie Nelson, Gwenyth Wallen, Lawrence Wetsit, Holly Wilcox","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045095","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Suicide is a leading cause of death among Native American youth and adolescents in the USA. A myriad of factors have been correlated with risk for suicide ideation (SI)/suicide attempt (SA), including historical trauma; however, accurate measurement of historical trauma has been inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association of family history of a negative mandatory boarding school experience with SI and SAs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anonymous online survey was conducted with 288 Native youth aged 15-24 years from the Fort Peck Reservation in Montana. Multinomial regression was applied adjusting for other known risk and protective factors of SI and SAs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-five percent reported past SAs and 15% reported ideation without prior attempt. Of the 129 (45%) reporting a family history of mandatory boarding school experiences, 28% perceived the experience as positive while 22% as negative. After adjusting for risk and protective factors, both SI and SAs were associated with a family history of negative mandatory boarding school experiences (adjusted OR (AOR)=4.8 and 4.3, respectively) and polydrug use (AOR=3.6 and 2.3). SAs were also associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (AOR=2.6) and depressive symptoms (AOR=3.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The association between family history of negative mandatory boarding school experiences and SI and SAs implies that culturally responsive interventions are needed to reduce the intergenerational impacts of historical trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"383-388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12505029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141619881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How state firework restrictions affect the incidence of paediatric firework injuries in the USA.","authors":"Nicholas Tranchitella, Emily Wilson, Thomas Geiger, William Barfield, Ian Kane, Corrine Corrigan, Robert Murphy, Sara Van Nortwick","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045152","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>State laws dictate firework access in the USA, and the association between state laws and paediatric firework injuries has not been investigated. We hypothesise that states with fewer firework restrictions will have a higher incidence of paediatric firework injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review (2012-2020) of paediatric patients who sustained a fireworks-related injury was conducted using the Pediatric Health Information System. Inclusion criteria were age less than 18 years and International Classification of Diseases code for fireworks-related injury. States were classified as 'unrestrictive' or 'restrictive' based on permitted fireworks. Case number, demographics and injury severity were evaluated. A negative binomial regression was used to evaluate independent variables predictive of firework injuries, with the dependent variable being the number of injuries. Independent variables that were predictive of number of injuries were subsequently evaluated with a Mann-Whitney test to determine the significance of the differences between 'unrestrictive' and 'restrictive' states.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 2299 fireworks-related injuries were reported. Mean age was 9.2±4.8 years (range 0-17). Most injuries, based on raw numbers, were in 'unrestrictive' states (72.6%). When normalised measures were used for comparison, based on paediatric state population, there was a statistically significant difference with a higher percentage of injuries in unrestricted states (p=0.002). The mean number of cases per million pediatric-aged individuals was higher in the 'unrestrictive' states versus the 'restrictive' states (p=0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>States with fewer firework restrictions had a higher incidence of fireworks-related injuries in children. Restricting fireworks may protect children from fireworks-related injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"395-400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational health equity: a call to consider social-structural factors in injury prevention research.","authors":"Shannon Guillot-Wright, Elizabeth S McClure, Marizen R Ramirez, Alexis Grimes Trotter, David B Richardson","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045603","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2024-045603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational health equity scholarship has been growing over the past decade, including social-structural determinants of health research that centres the voices and experiences of historically marginalised communities. In our commentary, we focus on the intersection of work-related and non-work-related factors and how they impact the health of workers, their families and their communities through community-engaged research. Case studies include the implementation of mobile clinics that are developed alongside communities, community organising to examine and reduce health disparities among racially segregated workers, the development of research instruments and measures to study racism and discrimination, and a focus on how the distribution of employment opportunity is an important point of intervention to eliminate injury disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"354-356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and association of neighbourhood marginalisation on violent knife assaults in Ontario: a population-based case-control study.","authors":"Christopher Evans, Wenbin Li, George Matskiv, Susan Brogly","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045156","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Violent knife assaults ('stabbings') are underappreciated as a source of morbidity and mortality. The two objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiology of stabbing injuries in the population of Ontario, Canada and to assess the associations between two measures of neighbourhood marginalisation-material deprivation and housing instability, and the risk of stabbing injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a population-based case-control study over 2004-18 using linked administrative data. Cases suffered a stabbing injury resulting in an emergency department visit, hospitalisation or death. Four age and sex-matched controls were matched to each case. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the associations between neighbourhood material deprivation as well as housing instability and the risk of injury. Mean annualised injury incidences were estimated using the number of cases identified divided by the total population of Ontario for that year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 26 657 individuals with a stabbing injury, of which 724 (2.7%) were fatal. The mean annualised incidence was 13.4 per 100 000 (95% CI: 12.7 to 15.9). Victims were disproportionately young (median age 25 years; IQR: 20-37 years) males (84.1%), from large urban centres (77.5%), and in the lowest income quintile (39.3%). In multivariate models, neighbourhood material deprivation (OR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.43 to 1.47) and housing instability (OR 1.4, 95% CI: 1.22 to 1.26) were associated with risk of injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Stabbing injuries are a substantial public health problem that affects individuals of all ages and demographics but disproportionately affects younger men in urban settings. There is a weak association between residence in marginalised neighbourhoods and the risk of stabbing injury. Future studies should aim to better understand the nature of this association and consider opportunities for public health interventions to reduce the burden of violent knife injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"389-394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141734034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging computer vision for predicting collision risks: a cross-sectional analysis of 2019-2021 fatal collisions in the USA.","authors":"Quynh C Nguyen, Mitra Alirezaei, Xiaohe Yue, Heran Mane, Dapeng Li, Lingjun Zhao, Thu T Nguyen, Rithik Patel, Weijun Yu, Ming Hu, D Alex Quistberg, Tolga Tasdizen","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045153","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The USA has higher rates of fatal motor vehicle collisions than most high-income countries. Previous studies examining the role of the built environment were generally limited to small geographic areas or single cities. This study aims to quantify associations between built environment characteristics and traffic collisions in the USA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Built environment characteristics were derived from Google Street View images and summarised at the census tract level. Fatal traffic collisions were obtained from the 2019-2021 Fatality Analysis Reporting System. Fatal and non-fatal traffic collisions in Washington DC were obtained from the District Department of Transportation. Adjusted Poisson regression models examined whether built environment characteristics are related to motor vehicle collisions in the USA, controlling for census tract sociodemographic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Census tracts in the highest tertile of sidewalks, single-lane roads, streetlights and street greenness had 70%, 50%, 30% and 26% fewer fatal vehicle collisions compared with those in the lowest tertile. Street greenness and single-lane roads were associated with 37% and 38% fewer pedestrian-involved and cyclist-involved fatal collisions. Analyses with fatal and non-fatal collisions in Washington DC found streetlights and stop signs were associated with fewer pedestrians and cyclists-involved vehicle collisions while road construction had an adverse association.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the utility of using data algorithms that can automatically analyse street segments to create indicators of the built environment to enhance understanding of large-scale patterns and inform interventions to decrease road traffic injuries and fatalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"377-382"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11621228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explanatory capacity of measures of community context for paediatric injury hospitalisations in the USA.","authors":"Henry T Puls, Clemens Noelke, Kristyn N Jeffries, Daniel M Lindberg, Anna E Austin, Barbara H Chaiyachati, Matthew Hall","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045423","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2024-045423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Community context influences children's risk for injury. We aimed to measure the explanatory capacity of two ZIP code-level measures-the Child Opportunity Index V.3.0 (COI) and median household income (MHHI)-for rates of paediatric injury hospitalisations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cross-sectional population-based study of children living in 19 US states in 2017. We examined injury hospitalisation rates for three categories: physical abuse among children <5 years, injuries suspicious for abuse among infants <12 months and unintentional injuries among children <18 years. Hospitalisation counts were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project and population data from the US Census. The COI is a multidimensional measure of communities' education, health and environment and social and economic characteristics. We used pseudo R² values from Poisson regression models to describe the per cent of variance in rates of each injury category explained by the COI and MHHI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The COI explained 75.4% of the variability in rates of physical abuse, representing a 13.5% improvement over MHHI. The COI explained 58.5% of the variability in injuries suspicious for abuse, a 20.7% improvement over MHHI. The COI and MHHI explained 85.7% and 85.8% of the variability in unintentional injuries, respectively; results differed when unintentional injuries were stratified by mechanism and age.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The COI had superior explanatory capacity for physical abuse and injuries suspicious for abuse compared with MHHI and was similar for unintentional injury hospitalisations. COI represents a means of accounting for community advantage in paediatric injury data, research and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"428-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143004863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}