Injury Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of injury deaths among homeless and non-homeless US veterans (2017-2021).","authors":"Hind A Beydoun, Dorota Szymkowiak, Ted K S Ng, Jack Tsai","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to assess whether experiencing homelessness may be associated with future risk of injury death and characterise these injury deaths by homelessness status among veterans who received healthcare through the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 6 128 921 veterans (399 125 homeless and 5 729 796 non-homeless) who received VA healthcare between 2017 and 2020 and were followed until 2021 using linked data from VA's Corporate Data Warehouse, Homeless Operations Management System and the VA/Department of Defense Joint Mortality Data Repository. Injury death rates were estimated by homelessness status with 95% CIs using the exact Poisson method. Multivariable Cox regression models were applied to estimate HRs with 95% CI for homelessness as a predictor of injury deaths, controlling for demographic, clinical, substance use and mental health characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The injury-specific mortality rate (per 100 000 person-years) was estimated at 254.4 (95% CI 252.5 to 256.4) and was higher among homeless (453.3 (95% CI 443.3 to 463.5)) versus non-homeless (239.9 (95% CI 237.9 to 241.9)) veterans. There were disparities in anatomical sites and injury type by homelessness status. Injury-related risk of death was twice as high among veterans with versus without a homelessness experience (adjusted HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.88 to 1.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Homeless veterans may be at high risk for specific patterns of injury death. Injury prevention efforts should target exposures that distinguish this vulnerable population from other veterans seeking VA healthcare services.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with road traffic injury in a high-risk zone of Bangladesh: a mixed-method study.","authors":"Md Faisal Kabir Rozars, Nawshin Ahmed, Naima Sultana, A S M Ishtiak, Md Tohidul Alam, Md Elias Hossan, Nazmun Nahar, Shahriar Zaman, Hurun Naher, Md Abdullah Saeed Khan, Mohmmad Delwer Hossain Hawlader","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045001","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Road traffic injuries are a significant public health issue in low-income and middle-income countries. This study was designed to explore the pattern and factors associated with road traffic injury in a high-risk zone of Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This mixed-method study included a total of 363 road traffic injury victims for the quantitative component, and 10 traffic-related officials and 10 drivers for the qualitative element. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire, key informant interviews and a focus group discussion using a focus group discussion guide. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were done using Stata V.17 and NVivo V.12, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most participants were male, illiterate and young (<30 years) with age averaging 31.50±9.16 years. Of all road traffic injury victims, most had mild (45.18%) injuries, and the least had severe (5.79%) injuries, with head being the most common site (34.44%). The highest proportion of injuries were sustained by motor vehicle drivers (57.58%), followed by cyclists/rickshaw pullers (22.59%) and passengers (19.83%). Most vehicles were new (75.21%), and the rest were old (24.79%). Nearly one-third of the participants did not know about driving rules. The presence of knowledge was associated with less severe injury (p<i>=</i>0.031) compared with the absence of knowledge. The qualitative component of the study identified several factors related to road traffic injury, including driver factors (lack of sleep, bad driving habits and lack of helmets), driving activity factors (ignoring rules, overtaking, crossing speed limits and using bright headlights), road-related factors (broken roads, unplanned curves and angles, the need for spacious streets and the lack of appraisal of previous crash records) and traffic control factors (stringent traffic rules, effective implementation and training on using speed guns).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The factors related to road traffic injury identified in this study could be used to plan targeted interventions for road safety improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"32-39"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial barriers and facilitators to secure firearm and medication storage among veterans with elevated suicide risk: a qualitative study.","authors":"Gabriela Khazanov, Elizabeth Spitzer, Suzanne Thomas, Lisa A Brenner, Joseph A Simonetti","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045232","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2024-045232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore financial barriers and facilitators to promoting secure firearm and medication storage among patients at risk for suicide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Veterans seeking care in Veterans Affairs emergency care settings (N=28) participated in qualitative interviews on barriers and facilitators to adopting secure firearm and medication storage behaviours. Thematic analysis with inductive and iterative coding was used to identify themes pertaining to financial barriers and facilitators. Interviews were double-coded for reliability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified four themes-two related to financial barriers and two to financial facilitators. Barrier-related themes included: (1) the high cost of firearms and medications made owners less likely to dispose of medications, relinquish ownership of firearms or pursue out-of-home storage for firearms; (2) the high cost of out-of-home storage and preferred locking devices were barriers to secure storage. Facilitator-related themes included: (1) no-cost services or locking devices may help motivate secure firearm and medication storage and (2) preferences varied for no-cost locking devices versus coupons for devices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Addressing financial barriers and leveraging financial facilitators may motivate secure storage of lethal means, which could enhance suicide prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11549247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic variation in access to publicly funded care for unintentional injuries in older adults in Aotearoa New Zealand: a retrospective study.","authors":"Alana Cavadino, Braden Te Ao, Ngaire Kerse, Bridget Kool, John Parsons, Joanna Hikaka","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045168","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Māori (the Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ)) are more likely to experience injury than non-Māori, but less likely to have effective access to publicly funded injury care services. It is unknown if this pattern extends into older age. This retrospective study analysed Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC; national no-fault injury compensation scheme) claims data to investigate ethnic variation in unintentional injury claims and related costs for older adults (≥50 years).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Injury claims data for older adults residing in two regions of NZ between January 2014 and December 2018 were reviewed. Age-standardised claims rates (per person year) standardised rate ratios were calculated and compared between Māori and non-Māori. ACC claim costs (medical treatment; earning-related compensation) were estimated, with total and average costs per claim compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 149 275 ACC claims (18 369 Māori; 130 906 non-Māori) among 64 238 individuals (9284 Māori; 54 954 non-Māori). The age-standardised rate of ACC claims for unintentional injury was 46% higher among non-Māori (95% CI 44% to 48%) than Māori. The ACC spend for non-Māori was NZ$155 277 962 compared with NZ$30 446 673 for Māori. Māori had a significantly higher average cost per claim (NZ$1658 vs NZ$1186, p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results of this study highlight differences in the manner in which different groups of older adults access injury compensation in NZ, indicating the need to invest in injury prevention initiatives that target older Māori, as well as initiatives supporting improved ACC access for older Māori.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141071031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gun violence exposure and population health inequality: a conceptual framework.","authors":"Daniel C Semenza, Nicole Kravitz-Wirtz","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045197","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This essay establishes a conceptual framework to understand how direct, secondar and community exposures to gun violence converge to influence population health. Our framework asserts that persistent gun violence in structurally disadvantaged communities enacts broad consequences for mental, physical and behavioural health, operating as a key driver of racial and socioeconomic health disparities. We discuss the applications of this framework for research and improved data collection with a focus on establishing timely and accurate measures of gun violence alongside individual and community health measures. We then address the policy implications of the framework, emphasising the need for long-term, institutional investment in gun violence prevention and intervention, survivor service provision and evidence-based policies at all levels of government.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did 'long COVID' increase road deaths in the USA?","authors":"Leon Robertson","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045136","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine data on COVID-19 disease associated with a 10% increase in US road deaths from 2020 to 2021 that raises the question of the potential effect of pandemic stress and neurological damage from COVID-19 disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Poisson regression was used to estimate the association of recent COVID-19 cases, accumulated cases, maximum temperatures, truck registrations and gasoline prices with road deaths monthly among US states in 2021. Using the regression coefficients, changes in each risk factor from 2020 to 2021 were used to calculate expected deaths in 2021 if each factor had remained the same as in 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Corrected for the other risk factors, road deaths were associated with accumulated COVID-19 cases but not concurrent cases. More than 20 700 road deaths were associated with the changes in accumulated COVID-19 cases but were substantially offset by about 19 100 less-than-expected deaths associated with increased gasoline prices.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The lingering effects of COVID-19 on neurological function may be a risk factor for behaviour leading to road deaths.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"18-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140131319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of the 'Stay One Step Ahead' Home Safety programme for the prevention of injuries among children under 5 years.","authors":"Matthew Jones, Elizabeth Orton, Michael James Taylor, Clare Timblin, Rachel Clarke, Michael Craig Watson, Mike Hayes, Tina Patel, Carol Coupland, Denise Kendrick","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045236","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2024-045236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unintentional injuries are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the under-5s, but undertaking home safety practices can reduce injury risk. Stay One Step Ahead (SOSA) is an evidence-based standardised home safety programme. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of SOSA versus usual care in Nottingham, UK.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cost-effectiveness analysis from a National Health Service and personal social services perspective. SOSA activity data, injury occurrence and associated short-term healthcare costs were collected within a controlled before-and-after study from 2017 to 2020. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per additional home adopting three key safety practices (working smoke alarm, safe poisons storage and fitted stair gate). Secondary outcomes were ICERs per injury avoided and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SOSA costs £30 per child but reduces short-term healthcare expenditure by £42. SOSA increased the number of homes with three key safety practices by 0.02 per child, reduced injuries per child by 0.15 and gained 0.0036 QALYs per child. SOSA was dominant as it was cheaper and more effective than current practice. ICERs were -£590 per additional home deemed safe, -£77 per injury avoided and -£3225 per QALY gained. Focusing on healthcare expenditure alone, SOSA saved £1.39 for every pound spent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SOSA is a cost-saving intervention. Commissioners should consider implementing SOSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-reporting of sport-related concussion symptoms: a cross-sectional study of community rugby league players in the UK.","authors":"Daniel Isaac Tadmor, Lucy Chesson, Kevin Till, Gemma Phillips, Laura Fairbank, James Brown, Matt Cross, Andrew J Gardner, Rich D Johnston, Cameron Owen, Sharief Hendricks, Keith A Stokes, Ben Jones","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045108","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recognising and removing players with suspected sport-related concussions is crucial for community sports.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Quantify rates and factors associated with non-reporting of concussion symptoms in community rugby league.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 484 community rugby league players aged ≥18 years and 965 parents of rugby league players aged <18 years completed an online survey, regarding concussion history, knowledge, prevalence and reasons for non-reporting of concussion, long-term implications and perceptions of concussion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-five percent of players aged ≥18 years and 22% of parents of players aged <18 years reported at least one concussion in the last two seasons. Forty-three percent of players aged ≥18 years and 5% of parents of players aged<18 years surveyed stated they did not report concussion-related symptoms sustained during 2020 and 2021 seasons. The two most common reasons for non-reporting of concussion symptoms were <i>'didn't want to be ruled out of a match'</i> and <i>'didn't want to let down the team'</i>. Players aged ≥18 years who received external coaching pressures around concussion were more likely to not report concussion symptoms. Over 40% of parents and players were concerned about the potential long-term implications. Ten percent of players aged ≥18 years and 7% of parents of players aged <18 years would encourage their family members/children to not play rugby league.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Non-reporting rates of suspected concussion symptoms in adult community players were twice as high as in professional rugby league, with similar reasons (wanting to play and not letting the team down). Engaging coaches to prioritise brain health and providing broader and appropriate education on concussion should be focused on, given the concerns reported by community players and parents.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"81-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141765947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community and multisector partner engagement in US Vision Zero plan development.","authors":"Sylvia Greer, Tabitha Combs, Rebecca B Naumann, Elyse Keefe, Seth LaJeunesse, Kelly R Evenson","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045148","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vision Zero aims to eliminate serious and fatal road injuries using a Safe System approach. Safe System principles establish that safety is a shared responsibility; this involves both multisector partners and community engagement. This descriptive study explored multisector partners and community engagement in the development of municipal Vision Zero plans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed all first edition Vision Zero plans published by US municipalities from 2014 to 2022. Using a structured coding tool, we abstracted partner involvement and community engagement strategies used in the development of Vision Zero plans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified, reviewed and abstracted 64 plans. The average number of partner groups per plan was 11.5 (12.0 for municipalities with a population ≥150 000; 10.1 for municipalities <150 000) and was higher for later plans (11.9 for plans published 2019-2022; 10.0 for plans published 2014-2018). Common partner groups engaged in the plan were law enforcement (85.9% of plans), local transportation planning (78.3%), mayor/city council/city manager (78.1%), engineering/public works (78.1%) and schools (73.4%). Community engagement strategies were reported in 71.9% of the plans and were more frequent among municipalities with a population ≥150 000 (76.1%) compared with a population <150 000 (61.1%), and in those with more recent plans (82.1%) versus earlier ones (56.0%). The most common community engagement strategies were public meetings, online surveys and map mark-ups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight the extent to which Vision Zero plans were aligned with core Safe System tenets regarding diverse partner involvement and community engagement. Plan developers should consider the translation of Safe System principles in Vision Zero plan development.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"60-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional and national burdens of occupational injuries, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.","authors":"Jianqiang Lai, Xianmin Li, Wei Liu, Qian Liufu, Chengfan Zhong","doi":"10.1136/ip-2023-045149","DOIUrl":"10.1136/ip-2023-045149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Occupational injuries pose a significant challenge to global health and development. This study aimed to quantify the international and regional burdens of occupational injuries from 1990 to 2019, stratified by specific causes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed global trends in deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardised DALY rates (ASDR) related to occupational injuries. Specific injuries, including animal contact, drowning, mechanical forces, falls, fire, heat, hot substances, foreign bodies, poisoning and road injuries, were evaluated. Age-stratified and regional analyses were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Globally, the number of deaths, DALYs, ASMR and ASDR related to occupational injuries declined from 1990 to 2019. The middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) region exhibited the highest burden, whereas the high SDI region showed the least burden. China and India had the highest occupational injury-related death rates in 2019. Males, particularly those aged 25-44 years, were found to be more vulnerable. Road injuries were the leading cause of death in all age groups. Compared with 1990, mortality numbers and rates decreased significantly by 2019, with the highest burdens experienced in East Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The global decline in occupational injuries is promising; however, certain regions and demographics remain disproportionately affected. Targeted interventions in high-burden areas are crucial to further reduce the impact of occupational injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":"52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141093208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}