可能影响对枪支转让进行私人背景调查的因素:一项混合方法描述性研究。

IF 2.5 3区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Rose M C Kagawa, Alexander D McCourt, LeAnn Gajunia, Shannon Hearney, Sydney Sohl, Daniel W Webster
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:了解普遍背景调查(UBC)法律的实施和执行如何影响美国私人政党枪支转让过程中背景调查的使用。方法:采用混合方法,描述性研究。数据包括2019年有UBC法律的19个州的相关州法规内容和量刑信息,5个州和纽约市对私人政党枪支转让违法行为的起诉和定罪,枪支转让教育和推广工作,以及关键线人访谈。结果:进行安全和合法的私人枪支转让的信息广泛可用,但鼓励背景调查的有说服力的语言很少。违反卑诗省法律的最高监禁时间中位数为12个月,最高罚款中位数为5000美元。然而,在我们的样本州,被起诉的几率极低。最后,公众对UBC政策的支持度很高,但在一些枪支所有者中,这些法律的感知效用非常低。结论:现有数据表明,执行UBC要求的私人方转移是罕见的。此外,鼓励私人枪支销售者以购买者通过背景调查为条件进行销售的宣传努力也寥寥无几。当人们既没有感受到社会压力也没有感受到法律压力时,他们可能会选择避免接受背景调查的额外负担。这项研究的结果可以用来确定潜在的途径,以加强执法和遵守私人政党枪支背景调查法律。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Factors that may influence uptake of private party background checks for firearm transfers: a mixed-method descriptive study.

Objective: To understand how the implementation and enforcement of universal background check (UBC) laws may influence the use of background checks during private party firearm transfers in the USA.

Methods: This is a mixed-method, descriptive study. Data included the content of relevant state statutes and sentencing information from the 19 states with UBC laws in 2019, prosecutions and convictions for private party firearm transfer violations from 5 states and New York City, firearm transfer education and promotion efforts, and key informant interviews.

Results: Information on conducting safe and legal private-party firearm transfers was widely available, but persuasive language encouraging background checks was rare. The median maximum prison time for violating UBC laws was 12 months and the median of the maximum fines was US$5000. However, the chances of being prosecuted in our sample states were extremely low. Finally, public support for UBC policies is high, but among some firearm owners, the perceived utility of such laws is very low.

Conclusions: Available data suggest that enforcement of UBC requirements for private party transfers is rare. Additionally, advocacy efforts to encourage private gun sellers to make sales contingent on buyers passing background checks are few. People may choose to avoid the additional burden of undergoing a background check when they feel neither social nor legal pressure to comply. The results of this research can be used to identify potential avenues for enhancing enforcement of and compliance with private party firearm background check laws.

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来源期刊
Injury Prevention
Injury Prevention 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
2.70%
发文量
68
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Since its inception in 1995, Injury Prevention has been the pre-eminent repository of original research and compelling commentary relevant to this increasingly important field. An international peer reviewed journal, it offers the best in science, policy, and public health practice to reduce the burden of injury in all age groups around the world. The journal publishes original research, opinion, debate and special features on the prevention of unintentional, occupational and intentional (violence-related) injuries. Injury Prevention is online only.
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