Injury Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Inequities of swimming ability: a population study of young people (aged 12-19) in British Columbia, Canada.","authors":"Annie Smith, Maya Peled, Elizabeth Saewyc","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fatal and non-fatal drowning incidents and drowning deaths in British Columbia (BC), Canada have risen in recent years. A lack of swimming proficiency can be a contributing factor. The aims of this study were to establish the prevalence of swimming ability among adolescents in BC and to assess which populations might be at greater risk of being unable to swim. It was hypothesised that marginalised populations would be the least likely to be able to swim.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analyses were conducted using data from 36 018 adolescents aged 12-19 who completed the cluster-stratified randomised population-level 2023 BC Adolescent Health Survey. Data were analysed using SPSS Complex Samples and included descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses and logistic regressions to assess factors that might predict a lack of swimming ability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Youth living in poverty; Indigenous and other racialised youth; those born outside Canada, including refugees and international students; urban-based youth; youth with specific types of child welfare experience; girls; and non-binary youth were among those who were the least likely to be able to swim. Also, youth who disliked exercise and experienced racial discrimination were at increased risk of reporting that they were unable to swim.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Swimming should be made accessible through a public health approach and embedded in every school's curriculum. Results also suggest that swimming lessons need to be inclusive of all communities; low/no barrier; and enjoyable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Identifying populations at risk of being unable to swim can support interventions to prevent further increases in drownings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'They have a really good way of getting it to the kids': evaluation of a child injury prevention programme in Walgett, New South Wales.","authors":"Amy Townsend, Rona Macniven, Nellie Pollard-Wharton, Melanie Andersen, Madeleine Powell, Sallie Cairnduff, Ruth McCausland, Christine Corby, Kathleen Clapham, Rebecca Q Ivers","doi":"10.1136/ip-2025-045630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2025-045630","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aboriginal community-led programmes are likely to be most effective in prevention of injury, but more evaluation is needed. This article examined participating family and community stakeholder views of the Child Injury Prevention Partnership (CHIPP) programme delivered within an existing playgroup at the Walgett Aboriginal Medical Service.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This codesigned, mixed-methods evaluation adopted a decolonising Indigenous methodological approach. Aboriginal staff members provided weekly reflections on implementation, and family participation data were documented. Parents/carers provided regular feedback and, along with community stakeholders, participated in postprogramme research yarning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 2021, playgroup sessions were facilitated by locally trained Aboriginal early childhood staff, who offered 2 hourly sessions twice a week. CHIPP implemented safety education for both adults and children through safety yarns and resources to take home focused on water, home and road safety. Parent/carer and stakeholder research yarns revealed six themes: CHIPP was feasible and culturally acceptable for families; Playgroup enabled supportive, holistic delivery of safety messages to adults and children; CHIPP provided information and resources to equip parents and carers to help teach safety at home; Approach to teaching infants and preschoolers safety was based on building confidence through fun, engaging, age-appropriate activities; Programme topics and content were relevant for families and COVID-19 impacted programme delivery but pivoted temporarily to remote delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CHIPP programme was feasible, accessible, acceptable and demonstrated initial beneficial impact, despite implementation challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering suggestions to inform other child injury prevention programmes in Aboriginal community-controlled settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic modelling of fall prevention interventions delivered by community emergency medical services: a decision-tree analysis.","authors":"Alexander James Ordoobadi, Tynan H Friend, Sarah D Berry, H Gilbert Welch, Zara Cooper, Molly P Jarman","doi":"10.1136/ip-2025-045643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2025-045643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fall prevention interventions delivered by specially trained emergency medical services (EMS) clinicians in the homes of patients at high risk for falls have been shown to prevent recurrent falls. However, the cost of implementing this 'community EMS' approach to fall prevention is a barrier to widespread adoption. The objective of this study was to assess whether a community EMS fall prevention intervention results in overall cost savings for the healthcare system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis using a decision-tree model of possible outcomes after an index fall in a simulated population of community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 over a 1-year time horizon. Transition probabilities and costs were obtained through literature review. The intervention, delivered in patients' homes by specialised EMS clinicians, consisted of environmental modifications, fall prevention education, referral to occupational and physical therapy, and coordination with the patient's primary care physician. We compared the mean healthcare expenditures per patient among those receiving and not receiving the fall prevention intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intervention would result in a net cost savings of $964 per patient compared with no intervention, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of -$22 174 per fall prevented (lower cost and more effective). Holding other variables constant, the programme would remain cost-saving if the effectiveness decreased to a 26% reduction in falls or the programme cost increased to $1634 per patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this economic modelling analysis, a multifactorial fall prevention intervention delivered by community EMS was cost saving to the healthcare system. Healthcare payors should provide financial support and reimbursement for these programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting individual's decision to enter the water at a high-energy recreational surf beach in France.","authors":"Jeoffrey Dehez, Sandrine Lyser, Bruno Castelle","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To predict beachgoer decision to enter the water at a high-energy surf beach, in southwest France.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We built a unique multidisciplinary database combining data collected by an on-site beachgoers survey, weather stations, marine buoys and tidal reconstruction. Human, weather and meteocean factors were considered as potentially predictive of beachgoer behaviour. We employed a logistic regression analysis to predict beachgoers' decision to enter the water on any given day at a high-energy recreational beach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrated that both environmental and human factors influence a beachgoer's decision to enter the water. Daily mean wave height and daily mean insolation duration were significant predictors at the p<0.001 level, while age, place of residence and self-confidence in swimming out of a rip current were significant at the p<0.05 level or higher. Beachgoers were more likely to enter the water on sunny days with lower waves. Younger individuals, those living outside the Landes département, and those who declared themselves to be 'confident' or 'uncertain' about their ability to swim out of a rip current expressed a higher propensity to enter the water. Our model has an accuracy, F-Score, precision and recall of 71%, 73%, 86%, 79%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Beachgoer exposure on any given day can ultimately be predicted by coupling our model with beach attendance models. This would allow for the design of rescue and preventive operations on days with high expected exposure. While models based solely on environmental factors can be used to forecast beach risks, incorporating human factors into the model provides valuable insight for crafting prevention messages. In this regard, lifeguards could engage more actively with beach users to deliver appropriate safety messages.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in fatal paediatric unintentional injury: what is going on?","authors":"Frederick P Rivara","doi":"10.1136/ip-2025-045675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2025-045675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the reduction in rates of fatal unintentional injuries to children in the USA has not only plateaued, beginning before the pandemic, but has reversed, with increases across most mechanisms of injury. This study seeks to understand the reasons for this trend, focusing on unintentional injuries to children aged 1-14 years in 2001-2023 and on injuries with the highest fatality rates and with the most substantial increases in the last few years.The highest rate of fatalities and most substantial changes were due to motor vehicle crashes, drowning, fires and burns. Many factors that are associated with the risk of injury fatality actually decreased in prevalence over the last decade while the fatality rates were plateauing and then increasing. These include improved motor vehicle and highway and roadway safety designs, lower rates of cigarette smoking, more homes with carbon monoxide alarms, fewer mobile homes, higher life-jacket use, fewer small recreational boats and decreases in child poverty. Increases in emotional and behavioural disorders are not likely responsible for changes in unintentional injury fatalities in this age group. An important contributor to injury, particularly among the racial groups experiencing the greatest change in the mortality trajectory, is the sociocultural economic environment in which children live, learn and play. Smartphone use by teens and caregivers was the one risk factor which dramatically increased over the last decade, and distraction from mobile phone use stands out as likely the greatest culprit in this increase in fatalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do sports utility vehicles (SUVs) and light truck vehicles (LTVs) cause more severe injuries to pedestrians and cyclists than passenger cars in the case of a crash? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Elsa Robinson, Phil Edwards, Anthony Laverty, Anna Goodman","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Questions: </strong>In the case of a road traffic crash, do sports utility vehicles (SUVs) and light truck vehicles (LTVs) cause more severe injuries to pedestrians and cyclists than passenger cars? Does any effect differ between adults and children?</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>MEDLINE, TRID and Global Index Medicus were searched up to September 2024, with no restrictions by setting or language.</p><p><strong>Inclusion criteria: </strong>Eligible studies had to compare injury severity between pedestrians and/or cyclists hit by an SUV or LTV versus a passenger car. Only sources using real-world crash data were included.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Injury severity, defined either as 'fatal versus non-fatal injury' or as 'killed or seriously injured (KSI) versus slight injury'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>24 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results were similar between pedestrians and cyclists. When combining pedestrians and cyclists, the pooled odds of KSI versus slight injury if hit by an SUV/LTV versus a passenger car were higher among adults/all-age samples by 1.24 (95% CI 1.15, 1.34) and higher among children by 1.28 (95% CI 1.19, 1.37). The odds of fatal versus non-fatal injury if hit by an SUV/LTV versus a passenger car increased among adults/all-age samples by 1.44 (95% CI 1.33, 1.56) and among children by 1.82 (95% CI 1.57, 2.11; p=0.006 for heterogeneity by age).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the case of a crash, SUVs and LTVs cause more severe injuries to pedestrians and cyclists than passenger cars. This effect is larger for fatalities than for KSIs, and the fatality effect is particularly large for children.<b>PROSPERO registration number</b> CRD42024597283.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining fall-related mortality in registries and surveillance systems in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.","authors":"Alissa Renz, Samuel Mayeden, Silvia Runge-Ranzinger, Valerie R Louis, Andreas Deckert, Peter Dambach, Volker Winkler, Olaf Horstick, Michael Lowery Wilson","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Fall-related injuries are a global public health concern, and trauma registries aid in collecting data to develop measures to reduce their burden on individuals and communities. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the reporting of fall-related mortality in trauma registries and surveillance systems in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched eight electronic databases, and studies set in countries of sub-Saharan Africa were included if the reported data originated from a trauma registry or surveillance system and contained a measurement of fall-related mortality. Results were synthesised in a descriptive manner.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 3574 records found, we included 21 studies in the analysis. Different definitions were inconsistently used in reporting fall-related mortality: studies reported either a percentage of fall deaths by total falls or of fall deaths by total deaths. Deaths due to falls by total falls ranged from 0.01% to 2.4% in studies with paediatric patient populations, and from 0.03% to 60% among studies not restricted to a specific age group. Reporting on other variables in relation to injury and trauma care was also inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this review were heterogeneous, and variables were collected irregularly among trauma registries. This led to a broad range of results and made comparisons and deductions difficult. A more standardised data collection across registries would heighten the intercomparability of results from different studies and, therefore, facilitate usage in data-based efforts for implementing prevention and optimising care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing occupational injuries onboard in Türkiye: human factors and under-reporting issues.","authors":"Taha Talip Türkistanlı, Davut Pehlivan","doi":"10.1136/ip-2025-045673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2025-045673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maritime transportation remains one of the most hazardous industries globally, with work-related incidents posing significant risks.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>This research investigates onboard occupational injuries in the Turkish maritime sector, focusing on cases between 2013 and 2024. The study analyzes onboard injuries using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System and Multiple Correspondence Analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study reveals that human error, inadequate supervision and insufficient organisational processes are primary contributors, particularly in dry bulk vessel operations. A lack of adequate rescue operations is noted, leading to high fatality rates. Furthermore, the analysis identifies a significant issue of under-reporting, especially in less severe events and near misses, limiting the industry's ability to address and mitigate occupational risks effectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By improving reporting practices and addressing organisational failures, this study emphasises the need for stronger safety measures, more targeted training and better rescue preparedness to reduce the frequency and severity of occupational injuries and enhance the overall safety of maritime workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is legislation effective in reducing risks of all-terrain vehicle-related injuries? A systematic review.","authors":"Natalie L Yanchar, Olutayo Toriola, Suzanne Beno, Alison K Macpherson, Ioana Bratu, Mary E Brindle","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over decades, governments have enacted policies and legislation mandating strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of all-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related injuries. We performed a systematic review to determine the efficacy of laws and policies in reducing these injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 20 articles from the peer-reviewed literature were systematically selected. Associations between legislation/policy and changes or differences in injury numbers, rates or severity were queried.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were available to examine age restrictions or child/youth-directed safety measures, use of helmets and vehicle-specific/engineering policies. Legislating age restrictions was associated with limited paediatric injury reduction in five of nine studies; sustained efficacy may require concurrent socialisation through media or regulated riding environments. Mandated helmet use was associated with reduced ATV-related mortality in five of six studies. However, the concurrent presence of other safety legislation precludes concluding the efficacy of helmet laws, alone. Legislation targeting vehicle design/engineering is limited, as are studies of their efficacy. A US federal decree for large-scale vehicle-related and industry-related changes was associated with a brief but dramatic decrease in ATV-related deaths; this reversed once the decree was lifted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With the possible exception of helmet legislation, many laws aimed at reducing ATV-related injuries demonstrate little association with actual injury reduction. Most target changing individual behaviours and may be unsuccessful due to personal perceptions of low risk of injury. Enacting policies directed to industry, to address design and engineering interventions that can reduce risk during operation of these products, is more likely to result in substantive and sustained change.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparing for a meta-analysis of rates: extracting effect sizes and standard errors from studies of count outcomes with person-time denominators.","authors":"Matthew Spittal","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Formulas for the extraction of continuous and binary effect sizes that are entered into a meta-analysis are readily available. Only some formulas for the extraction of count outcomes have been presented previously. The purpose of this methodological article is to present formulas for extracting effect sizes and their standard errors for studies of count outcomes with person-time denominators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Formulas for the calculation of the number of events in a study and the corresponding person time in which these events occurred are presented. These formulas are then used to estimate the relevant effect sizes and standard errors of interest. These effect sizes are rates, rate ratios and rate differences for a two-group comparison and rate ratios and rate differences for a difference-in-difference design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two studies from the field of suicide prevention are used to demonstrate the extraction of the information required to estimate effect sizes and standard errors. In the first example, the rate ratio for a two-group comparison was 0.957 (standard error of the log rate ratio, 0.035), and the rate difference was -0.56 per 100,000 person years (standard error 0.44). In the second example, the rate ratio for a difference-in-difference analysis was 0.975 (standard error of the log rate ratio 0.036) and the rate difference was -0.30 per 100,000 person years (standard error 0.42).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The application of these formulas enables the calculation of effect sizes that may not have been presented in the original study. This reduces the need to exclude otherwise eligible studies from a meta-analysis, potentially reducing one source of bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}