Injury Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Predicting individual's decision to enter the water at a high-energy recreational surf beach in France.","authors":"Jeoffrey Dehez, Sandrine Lyser, Bruno Castelle","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To predict beachgoer decision to enter the water at a high-energy surf beach, in southwest France.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We built a unique multidisciplinary database combining data collected by an on-site beachgoers survey, weather stations, marine buoys and tidal reconstruction. Human, weather and meteocean factors were considered as potentially predictive of beachgoer behaviour. We employed a logistic regression analysis to predict beachgoers' decision to enter the water on any given day at a high-energy recreational beach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrated that both environmental and human factors influence a beachgoer's decision to enter the water. Daily mean wave height and daily mean insolation duration were significant predictors at the p<0.001 level, while age, place of residence and self-confidence in swimming out of a rip current were significant at the p<0.05 level or higher. Beachgoers were more likely to enter the water on sunny days with lower waves. Younger individuals, those living outside the Landes département, and those who declared themselves to be 'confident' or 'uncertain' about their ability to swim out of a rip current expressed a higher propensity to enter the water. Our model has an accuracy, F-Score, precision and recall of 71%, 73%, 86%, 79%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Beachgoer exposure on any given day can ultimately be predicted by coupling our model with beach attendance models. This would allow for the design of rescue and preventive operations on days with high expected exposure. While models based solely on environmental factors can be used to forecast beach risks, incorporating human factors into the model provides valuable insight for crafting prevention messages. In this regard, lifeguards could engage more actively with beach users to deliver appropriate safety messages.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143992600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in fatal paediatric unintentional injury: what is going on?","authors":"Frederick P Rivara","doi":"10.1136/ip-2025-045675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2025-045675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the reduction in rates of fatal unintentional injuries to children in the USA has not only plateaued, beginning before the pandemic, but has reversed, with increases across most mechanisms of injury. This study seeks to understand the reasons for this trend, focusing on unintentional injuries to children aged 1-14 years in 2001-2023 and on injuries with the highest fatality rates and with the most substantial increases in the last few years.The highest rate of fatalities and most substantial changes were due to motor vehicle crashes, drowning, fires and burns. Many factors that are associated with the risk of injury fatality actually decreased in prevalence over the last decade while the fatality rates were plateauing and then increasing. These include improved motor vehicle and highway and roadway safety designs, lower rates of cigarette smoking, more homes with carbon monoxide alarms, fewer mobile homes, higher life-jacket use, fewer small recreational boats and decreases in child poverty. Increases in emotional and behavioural disorders are not likely responsible for changes in unintentional injury fatalities in this age group. An important contributor to injury, particularly among the racial groups experiencing the greatest change in the mortality trajectory, is the sociocultural economic environment in which children live, learn and play. Smartphone use by teens and caregivers was the one risk factor which dramatically increased over the last decade, and distraction from mobile phone use stands out as likely the greatest culprit in this increase in fatalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143978812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do sports utility vehicles (SUVs) and light truck vehicles (LTVs) cause more severe injuries to pedestrians and cyclists than passenger cars in the case of a crash? A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Elsa Robinson, Phil Edwards, Anthony Laverty, Anna Goodman","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Questions: </strong>In the case of a road traffic crash, do sports utility vehicles (SUVs) and light truck vehicles (LTVs) cause more severe injuries to pedestrians and cyclists than passenger cars? Does any effect differ between adults and children?</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>MEDLINE, TRID and Global Index Medicus were searched up to September 2024, with no restrictions by setting or language.</p><p><strong>Inclusion criteria: </strong>Eligible studies had to compare injury severity between pedestrians and/or cyclists hit by an SUV or LTV versus a passenger car. Only sources using real-world crash data were included.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Injury severity, defined either as 'fatal versus non-fatal injury' or as 'killed or seriously injured (KSI) versus slight injury'.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>24 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results were similar between pedestrians and cyclists. When combining pedestrians and cyclists, the pooled odds of KSI versus slight injury if hit by an SUV/LTV versus a passenger car were higher among adults/all-age samples by 1.24 (95% CI 1.15, 1.34) and higher among children by 1.28 (95% CI 1.19, 1.37). The odds of fatal versus non-fatal injury if hit by an SUV/LTV versus a passenger car increased among adults/all-age samples by 1.44 (95% CI 1.33, 1.56) and among children by 1.82 (95% CI 1.57, 2.11; p=0.006 for heterogeneity by age).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the case of a crash, SUVs and LTVs cause more severe injuries to pedestrians and cyclists than passenger cars. This effect is larger for fatalities than for KSIs, and the fatality effect is particularly large for children.<b>PROSPERO registration number</b> CRD42024597283.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining fall-related mortality in registries and surveillance systems in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.","authors":"Alissa Renz, Samuel Mayeden, Silvia Runge-Ranzinger, Valerie R Louis, Andreas Deckert, Peter Dambach, Volker Winkler, Olaf Horstick, Michael Lowery Wilson","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Fall-related injuries are a global public health concern, and trauma registries aid in collecting data to develop measures to reduce their burden on individuals and communities. The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the reporting of fall-related mortality in trauma registries and surveillance systems in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched eight electronic databases, and studies set in countries of sub-Saharan Africa were included if the reported data originated from a trauma registry or surveillance system and contained a measurement of fall-related mortality. Results were synthesised in a descriptive manner.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 3574 records found, we included 21 studies in the analysis. Different definitions were inconsistently used in reporting fall-related mortality: studies reported either a percentage of fall deaths by total falls or of fall deaths by total deaths. Deaths due to falls by total falls ranged from 0.01% to 2.4% in studies with paediatric patient populations, and from 0.03% to 60% among studies not restricted to a specific age group. Reporting on other variables in relation to injury and trauma care was also inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this review were heterogeneous, and variables were collected irregularly among trauma registries. This led to a broad range of results and made comparisons and deductions difficult. A more standardised data collection across registries would heighten the intercomparability of results from different studies and, therefore, facilitate usage in data-based efforts for implementing prevention and optimising care.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing occupational injuries onboard in Türkiye: human factors and under-reporting issues.","authors":"Taha Talip Türkistanlı, Davut Pehlivan","doi":"10.1136/ip-2025-045673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2025-045673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maritime transportation remains one of the most hazardous industries globally, with work-related incidents posing significant risks.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>This research investigates onboard occupational injuries in the Turkish maritime sector, focusing on cases between 2013 and 2024. The study analyzes onboard injuries using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System and Multiple Correspondence Analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study reveals that human error, inadequate supervision and insufficient organisational processes are primary contributors, particularly in dry bulk vessel operations. A lack of adequate rescue operations is noted, leading to high fatality rates. Furthermore, the analysis identifies a significant issue of under-reporting, especially in less severe events and near misses, limiting the industry's ability to address and mitigate occupational risks effectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By improving reporting practices and addressing organisational failures, this study emphasises the need for stronger safety measures, more targeted training and better rescue preparedness to reduce the frequency and severity of occupational injuries and enhance the overall safety of maritime workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is legislation effective in reducing risks of all-terrain vehicle-related injuries? A systematic review.","authors":"Natalie L Yanchar, Olutayo Toriola, Suzanne Beno, Alison K Macpherson, Ioana Bratu, Mary E Brindle","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Over decades, governments have enacted policies and legislation mandating strategies to reduce the incidence and severity of all-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related injuries. We performed a systematic review to determine the efficacy of laws and policies in reducing these injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 20 articles from the peer-reviewed literature were systematically selected. Associations between legislation/policy and changes or differences in injury numbers, rates or severity were queried.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were available to examine age restrictions or child/youth-directed safety measures, use of helmets and vehicle-specific/engineering policies. Legislating age restrictions was associated with limited paediatric injury reduction in five of nine studies; sustained efficacy may require concurrent socialisation through media or regulated riding environments. Mandated helmet use was associated with reduced ATV-related mortality in five of six studies. However, the concurrent presence of other safety legislation precludes concluding the efficacy of helmet laws, alone. Legislation targeting vehicle design/engineering is limited, as are studies of their efficacy. A US federal decree for large-scale vehicle-related and industry-related changes was associated with a brief but dramatic decrease in ATV-related deaths; this reversed once the decree was lifted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With the possible exception of helmet legislation, many laws aimed at reducing ATV-related injuries demonstrate little association with actual injury reduction. Most target changing individual behaviours and may be unsuccessful due to personal perceptions of low risk of injury. Enacting policies directed to industry, to address design and engineering interventions that can reduce risk during operation of these products, is more likely to result in substantive and sustained change.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144011300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparing for a meta-analysis of rates: extracting effect sizes and standard errors from studies of count outcomes with person-time denominators.","authors":"Matthew Spittal","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Formulas for the extraction of continuous and binary effect sizes that are entered into a meta-analysis are readily available. Only some formulas for the extraction of count outcomes have been presented previously. The purpose of this methodological article is to present formulas for extracting effect sizes and their standard errors for studies of count outcomes with person-time denominators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Formulas for the calculation of the number of events in a study and the corresponding person time in which these events occurred are presented. These formulas are then used to estimate the relevant effect sizes and standard errors of interest. These effect sizes are rates, rate ratios and rate differences for a two-group comparison and rate ratios and rate differences for a difference-in-difference design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two studies from the field of suicide prevention are used to demonstrate the extraction of the information required to estimate effect sizes and standard errors. In the first example, the rate ratio for a two-group comparison was 0.957 (standard error of the log rate ratio, 0.035), and the rate difference was -0.56 per 100,000 person years (standard error 0.44). In the second example, the rate ratio for a difference-in-difference analysis was 0.975 (standard error of the log rate ratio 0.036) and the rate difference was -0.30 per 100,000 person years (standard error 0.42).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The application of these formulas enables the calculation of effect sizes that may not have been presented in the original study. This reduces the need to exclude otherwise eligible studies from a meta-analysis, potentially reducing one source of bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying rip current-related drowning deaths and exposure on Australian beaches.","authors":"Sean Kelly, Jessica Ledger, William Koon, Robert Brander, Amy E Peden, Shane Daw, Jasmin C Lawes","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rip currents are the leading coastal hazard on Australian beaches and a significant contributor to coastal drowning. This comprehensive study explored the long-term epidemiology and exposure-based mortality rates of Australian rip current drowning deaths, with the purpose of informing rip-related education efforts to reduce coastal drowning risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective descriptive analysis of rip current drowning deaths between 1 July 2004 and 30 June 2023 was conducted, and rip current involvement was determined using data triangulation methods (incident narrative, beach imagery and expert opinion). Temporal trends were examined using Joinpoint regression, while Australian population and coastal participation data were used to calculate mortality rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>407 rip current drowning deaths were identified (21 deaths/year); an exposure-based mortality rate of 0.11/1 million coastal visits. Incidents predominantly involved males (85%), 20-34 years (38%), occurred in regional/remote areas (59%) and in the presence of others (80%). For every rip current drowning death, an estimated 2449 people were rescued by someone else and 8171 individuals self-rescued.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Despite small reductions in the rate of rip current drowning among males, little overall progress has been seen in attempts to decrease the mortality burden. Future efforts will require an expanded approach, beyond traditional means.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Rip currents remain a significant public health threat and the number one coastal hazard contributing to preventable mortality along Australia's coastline.</p><p><strong>Implications for public health: </strong>Improved rip current education approaches, development and evaluation are needed to direct effective messaging to at-risk groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational health equity: a call to consider social-structural factors in injury prevention research.","authors":"Shannon Guillot-Wright, Elizabeth S McClure, Marizen R Ramirez, Alexis Grimes Trotter, David B Richardson","doi":"10.1136/ip-2024-045603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Occupational health equity scholarship has been growing over the past decade, including social-structural determinants of health research that centres the voices and experiences of historically marginalised communities. In our commentary, we focus on the intersection of work-related and non-work-related factors and how they impact the health of workers, their families and their communities through community-engaged research. Case studies include the implementation of mobile clinics that are developed alongside communities, community organising to examine and reduce health disparities among racially segregated workers, the development of research instruments and measures to study racism and discrimination, and a focus on how the distribution of employment opportunity is an important point of intervention to eliminate injury disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injuries from falling out of bed in infants under 1 year of age: a systematic review.","authors":"Camile Lima Barros Ourem Campos, Gabriela Carneiro de Farias Evangelista, Lucas Victor Alves, Joao Guilherme Alves","doi":"10.1136/ip-2025-045660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2025-045660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Falls from beds are a leading cause of unintentional injuries in infants under 1 year of age. While most cases result in mild outcomes, the potential for severe injuries, such as skull fractures or intracranial haemorrhages, exists. Despite the prevalence of these incidents, no systematic review has focused specifically on injuries from bed falls in this specific age.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the risk and severity of injuries caused by falls from beds in infants under 1 year of age through a systematic review.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>We searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Lilacs Scielo for studies published between 1984 and December 2024.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>We included observational studies that reported injuries from falls from beds in infants under 1 year.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>We extracted the relevant data from the included study details, recruitment setting, study design, sample size and outcome measures. We conducted a quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 297 initially identified studies, three met inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 2034 infants under 1 year of age. Most falls resulted in minor or no injuries. Warrington <i>et al</i> reported <1% of cases leading to concussion or fractures. Samuel <i>et al</i> identified two cases of intracranial haemorrhage and linear skull fractures without intervention. Kolulu <i>et al</i> observed significant injuries, including skull fractures and cerebral contusions, in 10.2% of infants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Falls from beds are frequent in infants under 1 year, with most resulting in minor outcomes. However, serious injuries occur in around 5% of infants below 1-year old, emphasising the need for prevention strategies and clinical guidelines for managing post-fall assessments. Further research is required to refine understanding and improve prevention and management practices.</p><p><strong>Prospero registration number: </strong>CRD42024626255.</p>","PeriodicalId":13682,"journal":{"name":"Injury Prevention","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}