{"title":"Vision systems for quality control","authors":"P. Gallagher, D. Lake, H.E. Schroeder","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1994.403601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1994.403601","url":null,"abstract":"To successfully implement a vision system into industrial quality control, several resolution aspects must be met. First is temporal resolution, being able to capture the image in a way which isolates features in time. The rate of image capture in a vision system can not be a bottleneck to upstream production processes. Another is spatial resolution, the vision system must be able to see the minimum detectable feature on every sample imaged. The third is gray scale resolution, the number of steps between the system noise floor, and maximum light the system can absorb. The fourth is spectral resolution, or color. The way to meet these criteria does not typically require a significant amount of technical sophistication. This paper discuss some of the more significant criteria needed to be resolved in order to meet the temporal and spatial resolution aspects in a vision system, and the cost tradeoffs involved in meeting the requirements.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":136567,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON '94","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124848522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast, dense, predictable and 100% routable MACH 3 and 4 family","authors":"O. Agrawal","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1994.403525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1994.403525","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the silicon architecture of AMD's second generation Macro Array CMOS High Speed/High Density (MACH) family of PLDs. Implemented with an advanced 0.65 /spl mu/m technology and driven strongly by customer needs MACH 3 and 4 family is optimized for speed, predictability, density, flexibility and 100% routability. The major thrusts for the family are to allow the following: design changes without changing pinouts, 100% routability. Flexible PAL blocks, synchronous/asynchronous flexible macrocells with built-in XOR capability and up to 20 product terms of logic without any incremental delay, flexible set/reset and clocking control and 5 V in-circuit programmability with IEEE 1149.1 JTAG interface in 100-208 pins PQFP packages. MACH 3 and 4 family is designed to offer fixed, predictable worst-case pin-to-pin delays of 15 ns and external systems clock frequency up to 50+ MHz.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":136567,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON '94","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115294399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of a computer controlled turnstile","authors":"E.J. Cekander","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1994.403555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1994.403555","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concentrates on a single major element used in rail type systems, specifically a turnstile, designed for the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) - one of the largest transit systems in the world. The paper describes the design process that was used in the development of this turnstile. The turnstile was selected for this subject because it is the main revenue collecting element used by the commuting public in the NYCTA system. The main function of the turnstile is to collect revenue, i.e., fares.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":136567,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON '94","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126645208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Software piracy and copyright protection","authors":"D. Curtis","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1994.403604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1994.403604","url":null,"abstract":"The computer software industry represents a remarkable economic success story and an incredible engine for improving productivity and creating jobs. According to a recent study by Economists Incorporated, from 1982 to 1990, the value added to the US Gross Domestic Product as a result of software publisher's contributions increased at an annual rate of 16.4 percent. For the ten year period from 1982 to 1992, the software industry grew by 269 percent in real terms, while the remainder of the economy grew by about 30 percent. The three components of the \"core\" software industry-custom computer programming services, prepackaged software, and computer integrated design-now account for nearly $40 billion in value added to the US Economy. Software is now larger than most manufacturing industries in the United States. Employment in the US software industry has been growing at a rapid pace. The software now employs over 420000 people. Since 1987, software employment has risen at an annual rate of 6.6 percent. Although the United States has a significant piracy problem, this extraordinary economic success is due in large part to the relatively low US piracy rate (approximately 35%), and consequent opportunities for software developers to invest and reinvest in a rapidly growing industry.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":136567,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON '94","volume":"10 20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116427373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Into the crystal ball-dimly [battery technology developments]","authors":"R.J. Brodd","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1994.403578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1994.403578","url":null,"abstract":"Ni-Cd will be the battery of choice for several years to come. A large production base exists and cells are available in a wide variety of cylindrical and prismatic configurations from a large number of manufacturers. This helps ensure a reliable supply at low cost. Ni-MH and Li-ion are emerging as replacement options for Ni-Cd. They both have higher energy density. The battery of choice to replace Ni-Cd is not yet clear. The Ni-MH has good high rate performance and less need for sophisticated charge and voltage control. The Li-ion has considerably higher energy density but requires charge and voltage control for best performance. Environmental pressures on spent batteries continue to be an active area of legislation, government regulation and industry concern. The industry has responded by developing mechanisms and procedures for recycling spent batteries. An industry sponsored collection and recycling group is now operational. Electronic control of the battery operation will become commonplace to improve performance and reduce abuse to the system. Upper and lower voltage limits along with current and temperature control will become de rigour for battery pack operation. The charge and voltage control will be combined onto a single ASIC chip. Individual cell monitoring in a battery pack will increase.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":136567,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON '94","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122119347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancements to the world's fastest CPLD family give designers more flexibility","authors":"G. Sugita","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1994.403524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1994.403524","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, Altera has maintained its leadership in the PLD market place by keeping in step with the constantly changing demands of users of programmable logic. This is clearly evident in Altera's release of the MAX 7000E family. This family provides fast set-up times for designs which require fast synchronization of input data. For those users who use multi-phase clocking, the family provides two global clocks with programmable polarity control. With the introduction of six output enable control signals, which can be generated from either internal logic or from I/O pins, designs have greater flexibility in interfacing with multiple buses such as those found in microprocessor applications. For designers who need control over the speed of which outputs transition, Altera has added programmable output slew rate control which can be selected on an I/O-pin-by-I/O pin basis. All of these enhancements provide designers greater flexibility to interface with system logic.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":136567,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON '94","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129915072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mixing crisp and fuzzy logic in applications","authors":"W. Banks","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1994.403621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1994.403621","url":null,"abstract":"There are many trade-offs between computing in the fuzzy and crisp domains. The advantages of using linguistic variables and fuzzy functions to improve software reliability and reduce computation requirement has become well understood. This paper explores application implementation combining both conventional crisp (Boolean) and fuzzy linguistic logic. Hedge functions are used to define approximate relationships. For example, functions such as \"ABOUT\", \"NEARLY\", and \"LESSTHAN\" are used to better qualify a variable than simple comparisons. A practical general method is described for implementing hedge functions in the crisp domain that allows mixing fuzzy and crisp calculations in the same fuzzy rule. The implementation presented has been targeted to most of the common embedded system microcomputers used for consumer applications and small scale process control.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":136567,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON '94","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114080379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"System design considerations for FPGA synthesis","authors":"G. Olsen","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1994.403531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1994.403531","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of some of the system level considerations when designing with FPGA/CPLD devices. The tools supporting these types of designs vary widely in the features that have a significant impact on the time and effort it takes to complete a design. With flexibility as the key, you should ensure your tools support a \"top-down design\" approach, have mixed mode (language and schematic) entry, and are integrated into a tool which can provide timing simulation and board layout. Finally, you should realize that CPLD devices now have a unique combination of speed and density that can potentially be used in areas where only FPGAs were considered viable.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":136567,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON '94","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134349240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extending FPGA architectures to address new applications","authors":"B. Fawcett","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1994.403517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1994.403517","url":null,"abstract":"The FPGA market has clearly grown beyond the \"one size fits all\" mentality. Different combinations of speed, density, and features are needed to address diverse applications. Basing new devices on well-established architectures eliminates the learning curve typically required by designers to take advantage of new devices, as well as alleviating the need for developing new CAE development tools to support the new offerings. The resulting breadth of product offerings allows the selection of the FPGA device that is best for the target application.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":136567,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON '94","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131535239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An embedded fuzzy computing unit for highspeed industrial process control","authors":"M.P. Witzak, A. Behrens","doi":"10.1109/WESCON.1994.403620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WESCON.1994.403620","url":null,"abstract":"A new hardware architecture for controlling an electrodischarge machining (EDM) process is presented. In EDMachining sparks are discharged between tooland workpiece-electrodes thus producing very accurate forms with a well defined surface regardless of the mechanical qualities of the workpiece. The control of EDMachining is aimed at a stable process conductance, with maximum removal rate, high quality surfaces or any combination of these two demands. The EDM removal process is known for its high stochastic and non-linear nature and is therefore extremely difficult to handle. The absence of a complete mathematical model for the removal process and the large amount of operator's knowledge have led to the application of fuzzy logic methodologies. Today most of the fuzzy control systems are software solutions which show a significant lack of data processing speed or possible complexity of fuzzy algorithms. This paper works out a 'fuzzy in hardware solution' which was designed to satisfy the hard timing constraints of EDM control and is closely linked to industrial standards. It is pointed out how embedded fuzzy computing components can be integrated into a high speed multiprocessing system, showing some aspects of communication mechanisms, data flow strategies and multiprocessing management.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":136567,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of WESCON '94","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132725858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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