International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation最新文献

{"title":"Study on the effect of ethylene oxide fumigation on the colonies of unearthed wooden cultural relics","authors":"Hui Li ,&nbsp;Zeyu Pan ,&nbsp;Chuan Yang ,&nbsp;Meng Sun ,&nbsp;Hui Jiang ,&nbsp;Buyu Cao ,&nbsp;Xingxia Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the disinfection effectiveness of ethylene oxide fumigation (EOF) on unearthed wooden cultural relics, with offering practical references for the selection of more comprehensive protection strategies for wood. Two ancient wooden wells from the Beijing Lu County Gucheng ruins park were treated with EOF. Wood species were identified, and rotten wood was observed microscopically. Microbial communities were analyzed through tissue isolation and high-throughput sequencing. Growth characteristics, lignocellulose-degrading enzyme activities, and microbial interactions of isolated strains were further assessed. Enzymatic analyses showed that most isolates lacked ligninolytic activity but exhibited cellulase activity, consistent with soft-rot patterns observed in the wooden wells. Before fumigation, fourteen fungal species were isolated, with <em>Exophiala</em> and <em>Anthracobia</em> dominating. After EOF treatment, only five fungal species were isolated, indicating a substantial reduction in microbial diversity. EOF reduced surface fungal loads but did not fully eliminate deeply invasive strains. These findings indicate the limited sterilization capacity of EOF for archaeological wood, for which improved or complementary disinfection strategies may be required to ensure the long-term preservation of deeply deteriorated wooden cultural relics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directed mycosorption enhanced by nanopowders: An innovative strategy for eliminating toxic metals during mushroom cultivation","authors":"Agata Krakowska ,&nbsp;Małgorzata Suchanek ,&nbsp;Ewa Niewiara ,&nbsp;Tomasz Skalski ,&nbsp;Bożena Muszyńska","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a novel strategy combining the natural metal-accumulating capacity of selected mushrooms with the use of uniquely synthesized nanopowders possessing high sorption properties to achieve targeted mycosorption. Using six mushroom species and six nanopowders, including TiO₂, Fe₂O₃, and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) variants doped with neodymium, we assessed metal uptake (Mg, Zn, Cd, Pb) and desorption under conditions simulating gastric digestion. Results showed over 90 % accumulation of elements by mushrooms and nanopowders, with nanopowders effectively retaining toxic metals without desorption, thereby reducing their bioavailability in a digestive model. Surface morphology and pore characteristics were analyzed to elucidate sorption efficiency. Our findings demonstrate the potential of combining selective mushroom cultivation with nanopowder application to enhance functional food safety and quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106253"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-resolved metagenomics of a neotropical wastewater treatment plant reveals community-wide metal and biocide-resistance genes and the diversity of phosphate-accumulating and denitrifying bacteria","authors":"Bradd Mendoza-Guido ,&nbsp;Valeria Castro-Camacho ,&nbsp;Andrea Quesada-Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Luz Chacón ,&nbsp;Mary Luz Barrios-Hernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) rely on complex microbial communities to remove nutrients and contaminants, yet tropical systems remain poorly characterized. This study applied genome-resolved metagenomics to investigate the taxonomic composition, functional potential, and adaptive traits of activated sludge from a domestic neotropical WWTP. From six sludge samples sampled across two different seasons in Costa Rica (rainy and dry), we reconstructed 177 non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), of which 62 % were high-quality (90 % completeness and less 5 % contamination). Biocide and metal resistance genes (BMRGs) were widespread, particularly in Actinomycetia and Gammaproteobacteria, reflecting adaptation to selective environmental pressures. We identified 64 potential phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), 78 denitrifying bacteria (DBs), and 32 denitrifying PAOs (DPAOs), with some MAGs showing negative correlations with effluent nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, indicating roles in nutrient removal. While complete denitrification pathways were observed, nitrification genes were only partially recovered, underscoring both the limitations of metagenome-assembled genomes and the underrepresentation of some genetic variants in databases. Additionally, a high-quality MAG affiliated with Candidatus (Ca.) <em>Accumulibacter</em> clade IIF exhibited genomic divergence from known species, suggesting the presence of a potential novel lineage of this relevant genus. These findings demonstrate that tropical activated sludge harbors both well-known and novel taxa with key metabolic capacities, along with diverse adaptive traits to environmental stressors. Collectively, this study expands current knowledge of microbial diversity and functional potential in tropical WWTPs and provides a framework for future research aimed at improving wastewater treatment in underexplored regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 106258"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of polystyrene microplastics mediated by intestinal microorganisms of earthworms and exploration of functional strain resources","authors":"Liping Zhang ,&nbsp;Meitong Li ,&nbsp;Shaolin Qiu ,&nbsp;Xuening Fei ,&nbsp;Lingyun Cao ,&nbsp;Yuhong Xie ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PS, one of the most extensively used synthetic polymers, persists in terrestrial ecosystems owing to its high chemical stability and inherent resistance to degradation. Yet, the biological mechanisms for its degradation remain unclear. This study investigated the degradation of PS-MPs mediated by intestinal microorganisms from two earthworm species, <em>Eisenia fetida</em> and <em>Perionyx guillelmi</em>. An integrative approach combining SEM, GC-MS, and microbial diversity analysis was applied to characterize alterations, identify degradation intermediates, and assess gut microbial dynamics. The PS-MP content in soil decreased progressively, achieving degradation efficiencies of 2.33 % on day 7 and 56.67 % on day 28. Three bacterial strains<em>, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella variicola, and Citrobacter portucalensis</em>, exhibited PS degradation efficiencies of 2.33 %, 2.48 %, and 2.60 %, respectively. Collectively, our findings provide compelling evidence that the earthworm intestinal microbiota actively mediate the biodegradation of PS-MPs. These results elucidate a microbial biodegradation pathway and highlight earthworm microorganisms as promising biocatalysts for sustainable plastic bioremediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106249"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoremediation of Congo red and methyl orange dye-contaminated water with the coontail Ceratophyllum demersum aquatic plant","authors":"Muna Faeq Ali ,&nbsp;Nahla Sh. Ajeel ,&nbsp;Hasanain Saad Alhares ,&nbsp;Sabah J. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Mohanad J. M-Ridha","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated phytoremediation of Congo red (CR) and methyl orange (MO) dye-contaminated water samples with <em>Ceratophyllum demersum</em> L. (coontail). Phytotoxicity assessments were also conducted to clarify the effects of dye concentrations on the growth and half-life of the plant. Based on the results, the 100 mg/L dye killed half of the plant (half-life) within 27 days. Increased dye concentration and exposure period also led to elevated toxicity in the plants. The results indicated that the dyes negatively affected plant growth. Conversely, incorporating NPK nutrients contributed to the plants overcoming toxicity and enhanced their growth. Furthermore, the MO dye exhibited fewer negative effects on the plant than the CR dye. Nevertheless, the phytoremediation process applied was successful. A 20 g of the coontail plant (dye solution volume = 5 L, initial pH = 7.0, initial dye level = 25 mg/L) dye removal percentages 100 % and 98 % CR and MO dyes during 15 days of exposure, respectively. FTIR data revealed that the various functional groups on the plant surface enabled coontail to absorb dyes from aqueous solutions, including carboxyl and carbonyl groups. Comparisons of control (without dye) and exposed (25 mg/L of initial dye concentration) coontail FESEM images demonstrated considerably altered morphological properties during phytoremediation of the dyes. These changes indicated effective loading of the dye onto the surfaces of the coontail samples. The uptake of dyes by coontail follows the Michaelis-Menten kinetics, indicating that adsorption occurs through a limited number of active sites on the plant's surface. Consequently, coontail is a notably efficient plant, applicable in eradicating dye-contaminated wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in leaf biofilms of submerged macrophytes: Assessing wastewater treatment ecological pond","authors":"Tao Wu ,&nbsp;Yaguang Li ,&nbsp;Jibiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Runze Tian ,&nbsp;Lieyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submerged macrophyte phyllosphere-associated biofilms serve as a critical reservoirs and potential transmission vectors for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), potentially exacerbating ecological risk in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, metagenomic sequencing and microbial community profilingwere employed to systematically investigate the spatiotemporal ARGs dynamics in <em>Vallisneria natans</em> phyllosphere-associated biofilms within an ecological purification pond. Key findings identified that multidrug resistance (MDR) genes constituted 39 % of the total detected ARGs in the phyllosphere-associated biofilms, exhibiting 11.3 % higher abundance compared to the aquatic biofilms (35 % of total detected ARGs). Principal coordinates analysis demonstrated significant segregation between the phyllosphere and adjacent water biofilm resistomes, explaining 48.76 % of the variance and indicating plant-mediated selection of resistant microorganisms via microenvironmental modification. Seasonal variation predominates over spatial in structuring microbiota and ARGs, with taxa-specific monthly shifts. Microbial community profiling identified <em>Pseudomonas</em> (50.8 %) and <em>Bacteroidetes</em> (11.35 %) as the dominant phyllosphere taxa, exhibiting significant correlations with key environmental parameters. Specifically, <em>Pseudomonas</em> abundance positively correlated with water temperature (R² = 0.51, P &lt; 0.01), while <em>Bacteroidetes</em> showed a temperature-independent association with the oxidation-reduction potential (R² = 0.48, P &lt; 0.05). Linear discriminant analysis effect size identified <em>Diatoms</em> (14.31 %) as a biomarker group, suggesting that photosynthesis-driven carbon exchange enhances algae-bacteria symbiosis. Finally, co-occurrence network analysis established <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Flavobacterium</em> as the potential ARG hosts. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the design of ecological purification ponds and developing targeted ARG control protocols in aquatic ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106226"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145325854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal activity of essential oils and their use as alternative wood preservatives against rot fungi","authors":"Tarcisio Francisco de Camargo ,&nbsp;Adriana Terumi Itako ,&nbsp;Cristian Soldi ,&nbsp;Magnos Alan Vivian ,&nbsp;Juliana Aparecida Teixeira Stanck Bireahls ,&nbsp;Camila Alves Corrêa ,&nbsp;João Batista Tolentino Júnior ,&nbsp;Alexsandro Bayestorff da Cunha","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to verify the antifungal activity of three essential oils and their efficiency as natural wood preservatives against the action of the rot fungi <em>Trametes versicolor</em>, <em>Pycnoporus sanguineus</em>, and <em>Gloeophyllum trabeum</em>. The essential oils, extracted by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus, were obtained from leaves of the plants <em>Cymbopogon citratus</em>, <em>Cupressus lusitanica</em>, and <em>Drimys brasiliensis</em>, collected in the region of Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The chemical composition of the essential oils, their <em>in vitro</em> antifungal activity, and subsequent preservative treatment of <em>Pinus taeda</em> test specimens were determined. Chemical analysis indicated a higher percentage of isobornyl acetate (22.8 %), bicyclogermacrene (16.0 %), and α-citral (44.9 %) in the essential oils of <em>C. lusitanica</em>, <em>D. brasiliensis</em>, and <em>C. citratus</em>, respectively. The results indicate that all essential oils have <em>in vitro</em> antifungal potential against the tested decay fungi. Preservative treatment with <em>C. citratus</em> essential oil provided greater protection to the wood, which was classified, after treatment, as highly resistant, with less mass loss caused by the white rot fungus <em>T. versicolor</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106250"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfite exporter SsTauE enhances bacterial feather degradation by maintaining sulfur homeostasis","authors":"Lei Wu ,&nbsp;Ming-Shu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen-Dong Yang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Wei Li ,&nbsp;Jun-Jin Deng ,&nbsp;Xiao-Chun Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintaining sulfur homeostasis is critical for cell viability. However, sulfide transmembrane transportation is not well revealed. This study identifies SsTauE, a CPA/AT family sulfite exporter in <em>Streptomyces</em> sp. SCUT-3, a potent feather degrader. <em>sstauE</em> and cysteine dioxygenase gene <em>cdo1</em> form an operon up-regulated by cysteine. Overexpression of <em>sstauE</em> significantly enhances sulfite efflux and sulfite resistance. Site-directed mutagenesis reveals that Lys289 and Arg292, crucial for Lys-Arg-Val hydrogen bond bridge, are essential for core subdomains formation and function of SstauE. Co-overexpression with <em>sstauE</em> alleviates the sulfite toxicity from <em>cdo1</em> overexpression alone, increases extracellular sulfite production 2.5-fold and facilitates feather degradation by enhancing disulfide bond breakdown, which increases 2.1 times total keratin amino acid and polypeptide recovery compared to wild-type at day 2. This study elucidates the coordinated regulation of sulfite production by CDO1 and efflux SsTauE in <em>Streptomyces</em>, providing insights into sulfur homeostasis and offering potential strategies for improved waste feather biodegradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106222"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145189614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of protein coronas and heavy metals on ROS generation: Implications for microplastic-microbe interactions","authors":"Qianwei Li,&nbsp;Hairun Ma,&nbsp;Miao Zhang,&nbsp;Biao Wei,&nbsp;Daoqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) with high surface area and reactivity readily bind microbial proteins to form the environment's MP–protein corona complexes (MP-PCs). Here, MPs leached from disposable face masks were characterized and incubated with extracellular proteins from <em>Staphylococcus amber</em> (<em>S. amber</em>) to induce MP-PCs formation. SDS-PAGE and microplate assays confirmed the variability of the MP-PCs, while chemical analysis revealed the presence of six detectable heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Cr, Zn) and slight pH changes in the leachates. The formation of MP-PCs facilitates the adsorption of heavy metals onto MPs and modulates MP-cell interactions, thereby enhancing the generation of bacterial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the ROS produced by bacteria, catalyzed by transition metals adsorbed on the protein corona, contribute to the degradation of MPs through a Fenton-like reaction. These findings underscore the complex ecological risks associated with mask-derived MPs, which not only inhibit microbial growth but also accelerate their environmental transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance, sulfate removal, and microbial response of anaerobic baffled reactors coupled with microbial electrochemical cells treating lithium battery wastewater containing N-methylpyrrolidone","authors":"Zhengpeng Chen ,&nbsp;Jieying Liu ,&nbsp;Tingting Huang ,&nbsp;Shu Gao ,&nbsp;Tongshu Dong ,&nbsp;Jiahao Chen ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Lu ,&nbsp;Shenglong Chen ,&nbsp;Chengyuan Su","doi":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibiod.2025.106251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) is widely used as an effective solvent for various lithium battery cathode materials. In this study, a microbial electrolysis cell-anaerobic baffled reactor (MEC-ABR) was developed to investigate the performance of simultaneous removal of NMP and sulfate under varying NMP concentrations. The MEC-ABR system achieved an average sulfate removal of 88.13 %, significantly higher than the ABR control (78.64 %), and removal progressively increased across stages, indicating enhanced sulfate reduction via microbial electron transfer. In the first stage (NMP 1 mmol/L) and third stage (NMP 10 mmol/L), the removal rates of NMP by the MEC-ABR were about 20 % and 88 %, respectively. The NMP removal improved over time (MEC-ABR 88.96 %, ABR 90.73 %), but MEC did not significantly enhance NMP removal, attributed to oxygen-dependent NMP degradation and electron competition with methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Fluorescence 3D excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEM), sludge morphology, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses confirmed that MEC promoted secretion of electron-active proteins, enhanced electron generation and transfer, and improved sludge flocculation. Microbial and functional gene analyses revealed dominant methanogens (<em>Methanothrix</em>) and sulfate-reducing bacteria, increased expression of electron-generation (<em>mdh</em>) and electron-transfer (<em>sdhA</em>) genes, and voltage-stimulated <em>amo/hao</em> expression, facilitating NMP hydrolysis and nitrification. Overall, MEC enhanced system stability and sulfate reduction, while NMP removal remained limited by oxygen-dependent degradation and microbial electron competition. These findings provide mechanistic insights into MEC-ABR operation and offer guidance for optimizing lithium battery wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13643,"journal":{"name":"International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}