Industrial Crops and Products最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing genomic selection in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis): Exploring the impact of genetic relatedness and QTL integration","authors":"Daouda Koffi Kouassi ,&nbsp;Aurélie Daval ,&nbsp;Vincent Le Guen ,&nbsp;André Clément-Demange ,&nbsp;David Lopez ,&nbsp;Pierre Mournet ,&nbsp;Florelle Bonal ,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Hofs ,&nbsp;Mouman Soumahoro ,&nbsp;Doffou Sélastique Akaffou ,&nbsp;David Cros","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rubber tree breeding faces significant challenges, mainly due to the low female fertility of the plant, the long breeding cycles and the complex trait architecture. The advent of genomic selection offers a significant opportunity to explore more effective breeding strategies and accelerate genetic gains. This study investigates genomic prediction strategies for <em>Hevea brasiliensis</em> breeding, focusing on two biparental families connected by a common parent and evaluated among four different sites. The objective was to assess the impact of using full-sib and half-sib populations on prediction accuracy for key traits, rubber production and sucrose content. Results confirmed that prediction accuracies are higher when the training and validation populations consist of full-sibs (0.54 for rubber production and 0.36 for sucrose), as compared to half-sibs (0.17 for rubber production and 0.21 for sucrose). Combining full-sibs and half-sibs in the training population yielded prediction performance comparable to intra-family models (0.52 for rubber production and 0.37 for sucrose), providing a more practical option for breeding programs. Additionally, the integration of QTL information into prediction models for rubber production did not improved accuracy in full-sib (0.53) or half-sib (0.16) validation approaches and reduced accuracy in cross-validation, likely due to the polygenic nature of the trait and genotype-by-environment interactions. Rubber tree breeding programs could benefit from constructing training populations composed of multiple related families, simplifying logistics while maintaining prediction accuracy across more diverse populations than single biparental families. This approach offers a promising pathway to enhance the efficiency and genetic gains in rubber tree genomic selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 120908"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of the economic value and quality of flue-cured tobacco by optimized N application rate of the previous cultivation of faba bean","authors":"Pu Yi ,&nbsp;Dai Kuai ,&nbsp;Li Jiangzhou ,&nbsp;Zhang Limeng ,&nbsp;Lin Shan ,&nbsp;Liu Meiju","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The innovative cultivation mode of “fresh-edible faba bean instead of vegetables”, combined with an optimized nitrogen (N) rate for the previous cultivation of faba bean, might enhance the economic value and quality of subsequent tobacco crops while improving soil fertility. A field experiment conducted from 2020 to 2023 with six N rates for the previous cultivation of faba bean, while a uniform N rate applied to the subsequent tobacco. Parameters measured included the economic value, chemical and processing quality of flue-cured tobacco, disease index, and ¹⁵N abundance in soil and tobacco plants. The results showed that: (1) Economic value and superior yield of flue-cured tobacco initially increased and then significantly decreased with increasing N rates during faba bean cultivation period, with an inflection point at 90 kg N ha⁻¹. (2) The integrated score for tobacco chemical content exhibited a similar trend, whereas leaf midrib proportions decreased as N rates increased. (3) Soil ¹⁵N abundance after faba bean harvest increased with N rates and correlated positively with ¹⁵N abundance in tobacco plants. (4) The proportions of tobacco N derived from fertilizer, soil, and faba bean straw varied with the N rate of the preceding faba bean. These findings suggest that to enhance the economic value and quality of flue-cured tobacco and mitigate environmental pollution risks, the optimal N rate for the previous cultivation of faba bean should be substantially reduced in the faba bean-tobacco double cropping system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 120942"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial variability and climate response characteristics of the chemical components in Siraitia grosvenorii (Luo Han Guo)","authors":"Fei Dong ,&nbsp;Jing-Ru Song ,&nbsp;Chuan-Ming Fu ,&nbsp;Xi-Yang Huang ,&nbsp;Xue-Rong Yang ,&nbsp;Feng-Lai Lu ,&nbsp;Dian-Peng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Siraitia grosvenorii</em>, also known as Luo Han Guo (LHG), is a habitat-dominated herb that has expanded its cultivation areas owing to the economic value over the recent years. In this study, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of LHG grown in different locations was used to identify biomarkers for its geographical origin identification. The result of the hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed that the chemical compositions of the LHG varied according to geographical origins and climate factors. Moreover, eight common peaks, including peaks 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, and 15 from HPLC, were identified as potential markers to distinguish LHG origins via orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis and variable importance in projection scores. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that these markers were closely associated with various climate factors such as average temperature, sunshine hours, diurnal temperature variation, and average precipitation in specific months. These findings offer new insights into LHG origin identification and may support optimized cultivation for medicinal or culinary uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 120897"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic-assisted water extraction from Eucalyptus globulus leaves and branches, to obtain natural textile dyes with antioxidant properties","authors":"Jorge Santos ,&nbsp;Beatriz Freitas ,&nbsp;Raquel A. Fernandes ,&nbsp;Danilo Escobar-Avello ,&nbsp;Teresa Gomes ,&nbsp;Pedro Magalhães ,&nbsp;Fernão D. Magalhães ,&nbsp;Jorge M. Martins ,&nbsp;Luisa H. Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forestry is an interesting source of fibres and metabolites with high applicability for the textile industry and one of the main alternatives to reduce its high environmental impact. In recent years, the use of forest raw-materials as sources of dyes and natural fibres for the textile industry has gained interest due to environmental and sustainability concerns. The feasibility of the valorisation of <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> small branches and leaves (BLE) as a raw material in the production of extracts that allows the production of functional dyed textiles with antioxidant properties was evaluated. The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) in water methodology was used, as it is environmentally friendly, and the impact of the BLE particle size distribution on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined. Chemical characterisation of the extracts was performed by LC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS and FTIR. The extracts obtained were used to dye and functionalise cotton textile samples, evaluating the effect of using alum as a mordant and NaOH as a pH modifier on the properties of the dyed textile products. It has been shown that it is possible to obtain dyed textile products with interesting colour and light fastness properties only by using BLE extracts as natural textile dyes. Furthermore, the dyed textile products obtained showed interesting antioxidant properties, with the best results obtained when only BLE extracts were used as dyes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 120885"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiproliferative activity of prepared Aloe vera leaf skin extract-loaded essential oil nanoemulsions using Box-Behnken design","authors":"Liana Parseghian ,&nbsp;Hossein Behboudi ,&nbsp;Samad Nejad Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Hasan Rafati","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aloe vera</em> is being cultivated worldwide for its vast industrial applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, and food sectors. In this work, the skin leaves of <em>Aloe vera</em> plant were used to extract bioactive components and load them into <em>Satureja khuzistanica</em> essential oil nanoemulsions (AvE-SKEO NE) to enhance delivery and cytotoxic effects against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 cells). Box-Behnken response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize AvE-SKEO NE regarding particle size and PDI. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the nanoemulsion. The nanoformulations with the minimum and maximum particle size (150 and 290 nm) and AvE content (2.5 and 5 mg) were screened for cytotoxicity activity against HepG2 cells. The results showed that the nanoformulations with minimum particle size and maximum AvE content showed the best cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ of 26.09 ± 2.46 µg/mL. Based on these results, the optimum formulation with the mean particle size of 169.08 ± 12.22 nm and AvE content of 5 mg was formulated and characterized. The optimal formulation's cytotoxicity decreased to 22.54 ± 5.16 µg/mL, which was only about two times lower than that of the well-known anticancer drug cisplatin (IC₅₀=12.00 ± 1.20 µg/mL). The stability of the optimized formulation was approved over 6 months, with no significant particle size changes. The results highlight the importance of <em>Aloe vera</em> to be explored as a new source for anticancer drug discovery using nanotechnology approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 120928"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CircRNAs are involved in nicotine biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum","authors":"Jingjing Jin ,&nbsp;Lijun Meng ,&nbsp;Dehui Kong ,&nbsp;Xinyang Wang ,&nbsp;Mengxiao Xu ,&nbsp;Huan Su ,&nbsp;Deshui Liu ,&nbsp;Haiying Xiang ,&nbsp;Peng Lu ,&nbsp;Jiemeng Tao ,&nbsp;Chenfeng Hua ,&nbsp;Jinbang Wang ,&nbsp;Jianfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuemei Li ,&nbsp;Peijian Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as one of important regulators, play important roles in various plant biological processes, including stress responses, and variations in gene expression patterns. However, the regulatory role of circRNAs in secondary metabolite biosynthesis is largely unexplored. In this study, by circRNA-sequencing of <em>Nicotiana tabacum</em>, of which nicotine accounts for 90 % of total alkaloids, a total of 36,596 circRNAs were identified for five tissues across three developmental periods. Numerous circRNAs exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns compared to their host genes. Based on genomic information of circRNAs and comparing between topping treatments, a subnetwork was constructed for nicotine biosynthesis. This network revealed that 52 circRNAs could target known nicotine biosynthesis genes and 60 circRNAs could target known jasmonate acid (JA) biosynthesis genes. Furthermore, 154 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified as potential novel regulators of nicotine biosynthesis. Overexpression of circRNA <em>NRC1</em> significantly elevated the accumulation of nicotine and JAs. Overall, these findings demonstrate the critical role of circRNAs in nicotine biosynthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 120936"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Facile fabrication of antibacterial and fire-safety multifunctional cotton fabric with a triazine-phosphonate N-halamine” [Ind. Crops Prod. 186 (2022) 115261]","authors":"Shijie Wang ,&nbsp;Denghui Xu ,&nbsp;Ping Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhiming Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120939","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 120939"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of heavy metal ions in wastewater and reuse as a hydrogenolysis catalyst: Multistage application of lignin-based adsorbent","authors":"Zhi-Hong Ren ,&nbsp;Ling-Ping Xiao ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Xu Fu ,&nbsp;Qian Xu ,&nbsp;Hui He ,&nbsp;Chengrong Qin ,&nbsp;Min Zheng ,&nbsp;Julio Sánchez ,&nbsp;Run-Cang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metals in industrial wastewater represent a significant threat to the ecosystem and need to be efficiently removed before discharge. However, the effective utilization of heavy metals using affordable and efficient processes still poses a sustainability challenge. Here, we report a sustainable regeneration of spent heavy metal ions from lignin-based adsorbents toward efficient reductive catalytic degradation of lignin into monophenols. A reverse suspension strategy was first used to cross-link small molecules of industrial lignin waste into long-chain macromolecules using epichlorohydrin as a crosslinking agent. The long-chain macromolecules displayed a high affinity of Cu^2 + and Pb²⁺ with maximum adsorption capacity of 393.9 mg/g and 349.2 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics models revealed that Cu²⁺ and Pb²⁺ adsorption followed monolayer chemisorption. Notably, the regenerated carbon-loaded copper oxide (CuO/C) nanomaterial served as an effective catalyst for lignin deconstruction with a yield of monomeric phenols up to 25.9 wt%, which for the first time realized the multistage application of lignin-based adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions and their reuse as hydrogenolysis catalysts. This work paves a new way for the fabrication of bio-derived heterogeneous catalyst in wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 120919"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous obtaining hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds by ultrasonic synergistic extraction technology: The molecular mechanism of extraction and the multiple effects of macroporous adsorption resin","authors":"Yue Meng ,&nbsp;Xinyu Yang ,&nbsp;Shuo Cao ,&nbsp;Xu Pan ,&nbsp;Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Honglian Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Sui ,&nbsp;Tingting Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study used ultrasonic synergistic extraction deep eutectic solvents (DES) technology to extract polysaccharides and flavonoids from <em>A. membranaceus</em>. Based on a comprehensive consideration of the yield of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and flavonoids, the best DES (choline chloride: oxalic acid = 1: 2) was selected from 16 different DES. The binding energy between the solvent and the target molecule was calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) in order to explore the molecular mechanism of DES for simultaneously extracting compounds with varying polarity. The results showed that the number of hydrogen bonds formed between the selected DES and glucose and calycosin-7-glucoside molecules was higher than that of the traditional solvents used for extracting these two substances. The adsorption capacity of 10 different types of macroporous adsorption resins for polysaccharides and flavonoids in the DES system was studied. Among them, HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin had better adsorption and desorption effects on flavonoids but almost no adsorption effect on polysaccharides. A pseudosecond-order kinetic equation is more suitable for fitting the adsorption characteristics of macroporous adsorption resins for flavonoids. At the same temperature, the Freundlich isotherm model is more suitable for fitting the adsorption behavior of HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin towards flavonoids. The adsorption thermodynamic parameters indicate that flavonoids are physically adsorbed on HP-20 macroporous adsorption resin in a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy-increasing manner, and a high temperature is more suitable for the occurrence of adsorption behavior. In this study, polysaccharides and flavonoids were simultaneously extracted by green solvent, which provided enlightenment for the sustainable utilization of <em>A. membranaceus</em> resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 120905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two salicylic acid derivatives welded Zr-based hybrids relay catalysis: One-pot conversion of bio-based furfural to additive γ-valerolactone","authors":"Jianhua Wang,&nbsp;Shuaihao Wang,&nbsp;Haoyu Peng,&nbsp;Zisheng Xiao,&nbsp;Qiong Xu,&nbsp;Xianxiang Liu,&nbsp;Dulin Yin,&nbsp;Wenzhou Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of multifunctional catalysts with multiple active sites is critical for upgrading bio-derived furfural into high-value <em>γ</em>-valerolactone. In this study, two Zr-based hybrid catalysts, Zr-SSA and Zr-3NSA, were synthesized via a straightforward hydrothermal method using 5-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) and 3-nitrosalicylic acid (3NSA) as ligands coordinated with Zr⁴⁺, respectively. The sulfonic acid groups in Zr-SSA introduce significant Brønsted acidity, enabling efficient catalytic ring-opening of furfuryl alcohol to levulinate esters in alcoholic media. Besides, the nitro groups in Zr-3NSA enhance its Lewis acidity, improving its catalytic performance in transfer hydrogenation reactions. By adjusting the relative proportions of Zr-SSA and Zr-3NSA, the Brønsted-to-Lewis acidity ratio can be flexibly tuned, facilitating the cascade conversion of furfural to <em>γ</em>-valerolactone. Furthermore, a kinetic model was developed for this dual-catalyst relay system, enabling quantitative analysis of reaction pathways and providing mechanistic insights. This study demonstrates a novel strategy for the design of environmentally friendly and efficient Zr-based hybrid catalysts, highlighting their potential in the versatile conversion of lignocellulose-derived platform chemicals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 120878"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}