Industrial Crops and Products最新文献

{"title":"Chemical composition characteristics and monthly variation patterns of oleoresins from five introduced pine species","authors":"Junkang Xie ,&nbsp;Yuanheng Feng ,&nbsp;Jianhui Tan ,&nbsp;Hu Chen ,&nbsp;Yinghao Chen ,&nbsp;Zhonglei Meng ,&nbsp;Lanyang Meng ,&nbsp;Jie Jia ,&nbsp;Dongshan Wu ,&nbsp;Zhangqi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to effectively utilize the oleoresin resources of introduced pine species, the monthly variation patterns of the chemical composition of oleoresin from <em>Pinus elliottii</em> Engelm. (S), <em>Pinus taeda</em> L. (H), <em>Pinus caribaea</em> var. <em>bahamensis</em> (Griseb.) W. H. Barrett &amp; Golfari (PCB), <em>Pinus caribaea</em> var. <em>caribaea</em> Morelet (PCC) and <em>Pinus caribaea</em> var. <em>hondurensis</em> (Sénécl.) W. H. Barrett &amp; Golfari (PCH) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. The results showed that the oleoresin from the five introduced pine species was similar in compound types and mainly composed of monoterpenes and diterpenes. The types of compounds remained stable across different months. Oleoresin from five introduced pine species could be easily and quickly distinguished based on the differences in the relative contents of the main compounds (<em>α</em>-pinene, <em>β</em>-pinene, <em>β</em>-phellandrene and isopimaric acid). The relative contents of the main compounds in the oleoresin fluctuated in different months. In months with a significant temperature decrease, both the number of oleoresin-secreting individual plants decreased and the fluctuation range of the main compounds’ relative contents increased. In December, the number of oleoresin-secreting individual of PCB decreased from 30 to 23. In January of the following year, the number of oleoresin-secreting individual of S, H, PCC and PCH decreased from 30 to 16, 21, 19 and 21 respectively. The relative contents of <em>α</em>-pinene, <em>β</em>-pinene, and <em>β</em>-phellandrene in the oleoresin of PCB, PCC, and PCH reached their minimum values in February; conversely, those in the oleoresin of S and H reached their maximum values the in February. This work has important guiding significance for the identification of oleoresin sources, the selection of oleoresin raw materials, the breeding of superior individual plants, and the determination of the optimal resin-tapping time in actual forestry production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 122091"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgrading gasification performance of bio-oil distillation sludge via co-pyrolysis with walnut shell: Correlating carbonaceous structure parameters and gasification indices","authors":"Yitao Huang, Chu Wang, Rui Diao, Xifeng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122081","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation evaluates the synergistic valorization of bio-oil distillation sludge (DS) through integrated thermochemical processing with agricultural and forestry biomass. The research focuses on co-pyrolysis mechanisms between DS and walnut shell (WS) feedstocks, with particular emphasis on carbonaceous structure evolution and gasification reactivity enhancement. Advanced characterization techniques were employed to monitor structural transformations during thermal conversion processes. The results showed that increased DS loading ratios (50–75 wt%) progressively reduced the surface textural complexity of chars obtained from mixture of DS and WS, as evidenced by morphological analysis. Raman analysis on the char from mixture of DS and WS revealed intensified graphitic domain development proportional to increasing of DS blending ratios, suggesting its catalytic effects of graphitization on the produced char. Reactivity assessment through thermogravimetric analysis showed 58–158 % improvement in gasification performance indices compared to those of individual feedstocks. Kinetic evaluation on the thermogravimetric analysis identified the Random Pore Model (RPM) as optimal for describing co-pyrolysis char conversion dynamics (R²&gt;0.9985), except for DSc which exhibited distinct decomposition behavior. Mineralogical analysis revealed that silicon-dominated DS ash mitigated sintering of ash derived from mixture of DS and WS, whereas WS-derived potassium and calcium species increased ash fusion tendencies. Multivariate analysis of carbon structure-gasification reactivity relationships revealed differential synergy manifestations across conversion stages of the mixtures of DS and WS. Strongest parametric correlations emerged with late-stage reactivity indices R<ce:inf loc=\"post\">0.9</ce:inf>, suggesting enhanced interfacial interactions during advanced carbon conversion phases. These findings provide new insights into process optimization for sustainable management of refinery byproducts through tailored biomass blending strategies.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145311727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suitable intercropping pattern effectively increases woody oil crop production by enriching soil nutrient-acquiring microbiota","authors":"Junqia Kong, Zhanhua Zhou, Jianya Wang, Shouke Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122082","url":null,"abstract":"Intercropping cash crops under <em>Camellia oleifera</em> forests is a strategic measure for enhancing the <em>C. oleifera</em> fruit production and efficiency. Contrary to competing for nutrients, <em>Polygonatum cyrtonema</em> intercropping appears to enhance <em>C. oleifera</em> yield, though the mechanism remains enigmatic. We systematically compared three intercropping patterns—intercropping with <em>P. cyrtonema</em>, prevalent weeds, and monoculture—to examine the effects of these models on soil microbiome and metagenomic profiles, focus on variations in bacterial abundance and functional genes. Additionally, we assessed how changes in bacterial communities influence the growth and yield of <em>C. oleifera</em>. The results showed that the significant enhancement of soil bacterial diversity due to intercropping with <em>P. cyrtonema</em>, notably enriching the <em>Acidibacter</em>, which was linked to improved soil fertility and increased <em>C. oleifera</em> yield. Metagenomic, soil nutrient analysis and laboratory trials suggested that soil organic matter decomposition was accelerated, and specific metabolic pathways (Ko04115 and Ko04931) were significantly enriched after intercropping with <em>P. cyrtonema</em>. Results confirmed the benefits of intercropping with <em>P. cyrtonema</em> for enhancing soil fertility and fruit yield, presenting a sustainable agricultural practice model with broad implications for woody oil crop cultivation and providing a foundation for further optimizing intercropping strategies to maximize benefits for the <em>C. oleifera</em> industry.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of peony seed meal adhesives: Multi-crosslinking and OA-POSS nanoparticle reinforcement for enhanced performance","authors":"Binghan Zhang, Jiahui Zhang, Baicheng Guo, Tianle Ji, Yuxin Jiao, li Li, Dandan Han","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122089","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces an innovative approach for high-performance biomass adhesives by designing and synthesizing a hydroxyl-terminated polymer (HHBP) as a central core, which is combined with polyamidoamine epichlorohydrin (PAE) as an effective cross-linking agents (PH) for peony seed meal (PSM)-based adhesives. The new type of crosslinking agent (PH) significantly increases the reactive sites with protein active groups in PSM, thereby enhancing the cross-linking density and leading to improved adhesive performance. Furthermore, the introduction of octa-aminopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (OA-POSS) further improves the adhesive's bonding strength by synergistically enhancing stress transfer efficiency and mitigating interfacial stress concentration. The optimized adhesive formulation demonstrates remarkable improvements in dry bond strength (2.59 MPa), soaked wet bond strength (1.79 MPa), and aged wet bond strength (1.05 MPa), reflecting increases of 28.8 %, 10.5 %, and 29.6 %, respectively, compared to the unmodified PSM-based adhesive. This research offers an innovative method for developing low-cost, high-performance biomass adhesives, facilitating the high-value use of PSM and supporting the advancement of the green adhesive industry.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145255061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic analysis-informed design of thermally conductive heat-not-burn tobacco for applications","authors":"Hongmei He, Liang Chen, Huaibin Shi, Yiwen Gao, Xiaojuan You, Chaojian Li, Weiyi Xing, Xianjun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121969","url":null,"abstract":"Heat-not-burn tobacco is an innovative tobacco product that delivers satisfaction and tobacco flavor to consumers by heating the tobacco rather than burning it. Thermal conductivity is a crucial factor influencing aerosol generation temperature when heating these cigarettes. In this study, we propose an effective strategy that combines high thermal conductivity filler modification with a hot pressing process to enhance the thermal conductivity of tobacco sheets, achieving an increase of 116.7 %. Additionally, through the analysis of pyrolysis kinetics and pyrolysis gas-phase products, it was confirmed that modifying thermal conductivity could reduce the activation energy of the pyrolysis reaction and promote the formation of aerosol. This provides a stronger scientific foundation for the practical application of heat-not-burn tobacco. In the application study of heat-not-burn cigarettes, the tobacco rod section with thermally conductive modification exhibited a more uniform temperature field distribution. Aerosol analysis showed that the release amounts of ACM, nicotine, and glycerol, as well as the transfer rates of nicotine and glycerol, were all increased.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating machine learning to elucidate the genetic basis of 30 traits in G. barbadense BMC79 cultivar with superior fiber properties","authors":"Na Dong, Junshuai Chen, Mao Chai, Jiapeng Han, Weipeng Wang, Song Yang, Peipei Zhang, Baohong Zhang, Qinglian Wang, Qinghua Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121977","url":null,"abstract":"With economic development and rising living standards, the demand for high-quality cotton fiber is increasing. Understanding the genetic basis of key traits for cotton with super fiber is crucial for breeding new cultivars. Here, we conducted QTL mapping and candidate gene identification for 30 important agronomic traits in the early-maturing, high-quality fiber cultivar <em>Gossypium barbadense</em> BMC79. We crossed BMC79 with upland cotton XLZ14 to generate an F₂ population of 303 families and constructed a genetic map spanning 4026.30 cM with an average inter-bin distance of 0.31 cM. QTL analysis, integrated with machine learning, identified 55 QTLs for yield, fiber quality, and growth period related traits. Notably, QTLs including genes for fiber length (A01), lint percentage (A06), plant height (D11), fiber strength (D11), fiber uniformity (D12), and early maturity (D07), showed high phenotypic variance explained. Machine learning predicted several key candidate genes, such as <em>Gh_A01G162500</em> (fiber length), <em>Gh_A06G112000</em> (lint percentage), <em>Gh_D11G351100</em> (fiber strength), and <em>Gh_D07G112500</em> (flowering time). Importantly, Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) validation showed that silencing <em>Gh_D11G351100</em> significantly reduced fiber strength and length, confirming its role in fiber development. Our study provides valuable insights into the genetic basis of high-fiber-quality cotton varieties and offers important targets and references for the development of new cotton cultivars.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lignin produced nano zinc oxide flower particles and their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, invitro anticancer activity and toxicity on seed germination","authors":"Tianyu Hou, Yulong Yao, Huan Luo, Liyuan Ma, Ramakrishna Vadde, Zhijun Zhang, Siva Sankar Sana, Seong-Cheol Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122079","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoscience is currently investigating the use of plant extracts to synthesize metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). This approach is extremely promising, offering many advantages over conventional methods. The current investigation deals with eco-friendly and cost-effective bio nanocomposites were prepared using lignin-fabricated zinc oxide (L-ZnO), which is recognized as a valuable compound in the treatment regime due to its unique physical and chemical properties. UV visible absorption peak for ZnONFs shows the maximum absorption at a wavelength of 375 nm. Microscopy techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) described precise morphological characteristics of nanoflowers. A TEM image shows flower-like structures, petal edges with 202.23 ± 23.41 nm in diameter, and 281.69 ± 49.04 nm in a length. A cell viability test performed on HepG2 cells shows a decrease in cell viability in proportion to the concentration of L-ZnONFs in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) with an IC₅₀ value of 135 ± 6.75 μg/mL. Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) analyses using Annexin V confirmed that L-ZnONFs induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Antimicrobial results demonstrated that the synthesized L-ZnONFs were more effective against Gram-negative bacteria (<em>E.coli, K.pneumoniae,</em> and <em>S.typi</em>) than Gram-positive bacteria (<em>C. diphtheriae</em>). The L-ZnONFs also demonstrated significant anti-biofilm effects in <em>C. diphtheriae</em>. In addition, L-ZnONFs were assessed for their impact on germination and growth in <em>Raphanus sativus</em> (radish), emphasizing their possibility as sustainable agrochemicals. These verdicts demonstrated that L-ZnONFs modified with lignin possess anticancer, and antibacterial properties, and can be used for therapeutic and agriculture field.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interspecific rhizosphere interactions enhance secondary metabolite synthesis and volatile oil content in Atractylodes lancea through root exudates","authors":"Zheng Peng, Meiyu Cao, Shoudong Zhu, Jian Yang, Binbin Yan, Xiufu Wan, Chuanzhi Kang, Sheng Wang, Chaogen Lv, Yufei Zhang, Feng Yuan, Zhe Zhao, Zengxu Xiang, Wenjun Xue, Yan Zhang, Yali He, Lanping Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122084","url":null,"abstract":"Plant diversity often enhances ecosystem productivity, but the impact of interspecific interactions on secondary metabolism, which determines crop quality, is rarely reported. This study conducted a two-year field experiment on <em>A. lancea</em> [<em>Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC.</em>]-maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) intercropping, including <em>A. lancea</em> monoculture (A), <em>A. lancea</em> and maize intercropping without separation (AI), with a permeable nylon root barrier (AN), or with an impermeable plastic root barrier (AP). Additionally, we recorded the volatile oil content (secondary metabolite of <em>A. lancea</em>), when its roots were treated with potential rhizosphere signals. The results showed that intercropping maize significantly increased the yield and volatile oil content of <em>A. lancea</em>, with the rhizome yield increasing by 52.2 %. The total content of four sesquiterpene volatile oils doubled, and the β-eudesmol and atractylodin contents increased by 1.3 times and 8.8 times, respectively. Notably, the potential rhizosphere signal—formononetin, isoliquiritigenin, and calycosin—significantly increased their contents in <em>A. lancea</em>. Furthermore, intercropping significantly increased the expression of key sesquiterpenoid synthesis genes (<em>HMGS, HMGR, DXS, DXR</em>, <em>and FPS</em>) in the rhizomes of <em>A. lancea</em>. The results indicate that root exudates from intercropped maize significantly enhance the expression of key enzyme genes for sesquiterpene synthesis in <em>A. lancea</em>, thereby increasing its volatile oil content. These findings will help further explore the mechanisms by which interspecific rhizosphere interactions promote crop quality and provide new insights into plant-plant interactions.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of mRNA-miRNA networks in soybean lipid metabolism and the regulatory role of gma-miRNA396b based on transcriptomics","authors":"Aijing Zhang ,&nbsp;Feiwu Liu ,&nbsp;Yue Li ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Pi ,&nbsp;Huijing Liu ,&nbsp;Shuying Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Wei ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Lu ,&nbsp;Dan Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soybean (<em>Glycine max</em> (Linn.) Merr.) is a globally important crop. It is extensively utilized in food processing, feed production, and various industrial applications. miRNAs are involved in various plant biological processes, particularly in growth, development, differentiation, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, their involvement in lipid synthesis in soybean has rarely been reported. In this study, the soybean cultivar ‘JN18’ and its low linolenic acid mutant ‘MT72’ were used as experimental material at R4 (pod filling stage), R5 (initiation of seed formation), and R6 (peak of seed formation) for whole-transcriptome sequencing. miRNAs related to lipid synthesis were identified and miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. Overexpression of <em>gma</em>-<em>miR396b</em> leaded to a significant reduction in oleic acid content and total hydrolyzed amino acids in the seeds. The interaction between <em>gma-miR396b</em> and <em>GmLACS1</em> was validated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends mediated and <em>β</em>-glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical staining assays. Our results provide a new perspective on the molecular network of soybean lipid metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 121890"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel β-macrocarpene sesquiterpenoids from maize with inhibition potential against Spodoptera pests via species-specific mechanisms","authors":"Yujia Wang ,&nbsp;Junyu He ,&nbsp;Long Chen ,&nbsp;Ziwei Li ,&nbsp;Minghua Qiu ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Qi ,&nbsp;Xingrong Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytochemical profiling of maize silk (Yunrui 62) revealed nine novel <em>β</em>-macrocarpene-type sesquiterpenoids (<strong>1</strong>–<strong>9</strong>) and the known analog <strong>10</strong>, with structures established through integrated NMR, HRESIMS, X-crystallographic, and ECD analyses. Bioassays demonstrated potent anti-insect activity: compounds <strong>2</strong>, <strong>3</strong>, <strong>6</strong>, <strong>7</strong>, and <strong>10</strong> significantly suppressed <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> larval weight gain, whereas <strong>4</strong> and <strong>10</strong> inhibited <em>S. litura</em> growth at 20 μg/g in artificial diets. Quantitative analysis showed that compound <strong>10</strong> was broadly distributed across various maize tissues. Furthermore, <strong>10</strong> exhibited dose-dependent efficacies against both pests, inducing rapid <em>S. frugiperda</em> mortality by day 3 at 10 μg/g—exceeding azadirachtin’s potency—while maintaining comparable growth inhibition. Mechanistic studies revealed species-specific modes of action: in <em>S. litura</em>, <strong>10</strong> suppressed the expression of detoxification enzymes and digestive trypsin while upregulating the expression of carcinine transporter-like genes; conversely, in <em>S. frugiperda</em>, the genes encoding midgut cellular components were downregulated without impairing detoxification pathways. Our study provides both the molecular blueprints and a direct strategy for enhancing maize resistance through biosynthetic engineering, paving the way for developing next-generation insect-resistant crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 122020"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}