Cristóbal Cuesta, Elena Rodríguez, Sara F. Villanueva, María Antonia Diez, Ana Arenillas, María Antonia López-Antón, M. Rosa Martínez-Tarazona, Roberto García
{"title":"Sustainable straightforward synthesis of hierarchically porous graphitised carbon foams with nanodispersed magnetite and elemental iron particles","authors":"Cristóbal Cuesta, Elena Rodríguez, Sara F. Villanueva, María Antonia Diez, Ana Arenillas, María Antonia López-Antón, M. Rosa Martínez-Tarazona, Roberto García","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a straightforward synthesis method for producing 3D carbon foams with specific characteristics, including an open macroporous structure combined with microporosity and mesoporosity, as well as the nanodispersion of various iron species within the carbonaceous matrix. The process involves thermo-foaming and carbonisation of sucrose in the presence of an iron nitrate additive, resulting in ordered carbon structures with reduced oxygen content and finely nanodispersed iron species particles within the carbon matrix. The properties of the resulting material vary based on the proportion of the additive and the carbonisation temperature, highlighting the versatility of the method in producing different materials for diverse plications. Above 800 °C, iron nitrate reacts to form Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Fe<sup>0</sup>, which catalytically influence the foam structure. Graphitisation consistently occurs between 800 and 900 °C, facilitated by the fine nanodispersion of iron species. The combination of an open macroporous nature with microporosity and mesoporosity, along with a partially graphitised carbonaceous matrix containing nanodispersed active iron species, makes these materials promising candidates for valuable applications such as adsorption, catalysis, and biomedical uses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 120058"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Fang , Qiaoguang Li , Zhimin Kou , Yufeng Ma , Meng Zhang , Yun Hu , Puyou Jia , Yonghong Zhou
{"title":"Recyclable polyurethane from castor oil based on dynamic disulfide bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds as adhesive and photothermal conversion materials","authors":"Yan Fang , Qiaoguang Li , Zhimin Kou , Yufeng Ma , Meng Zhang , Yun Hu , Puyou Jia , Yonghong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important polymer material, polyurethane brings convenience to daily life but also causes environmental problems, and the manufacturing of bio-based repairable, re-processable and sturdy materials can effectively reduce environmental pressure. Herein a low temperature recyclable polyurethane (PU) was developed with castor oil (CO) by combining isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), dynamic disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds. The castor oil-based PU showed impressive tensile strength (16.1 MPa) remarkable elongation at break (1055.8 %), and high bonding power (up to ∼6 MPa) with bonding wood chips. The dynamic disulfide bonds and hydrogen bonds imparted the bio-based PU with outstanding elastic recovery, impressive self-healing capability (up to ∼90 %), short relaxation time (5–6 min at 180°C), favorable shape memory behavior, and multiple recyclability. By mixing different proportions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), recyclable and stretchable conductive composites are realized. In addition, an integrated system of high-efficiency bio-based solar photovoltaic generator is demonstrated for simulating the ambient sunlight-heat-electricity conversion, which provides some guidance for the efficient use of solar energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 120027"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engineering xylanase from Trichoderma harzianum enhances xylan hydrolysis to produce xylooligosaccharides","authors":"Qian Chen , Fei He , Bo-Wen Zheng, Xue-Mei Luo, Jia-Xun Feng, Shuai Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saccharification of xylan from lignocellulosic wastes into xylooligosaccharide prebiotics, specifically xylobiose and xylotriose, is of great economic importance and relies on specific endo-β-1,4-xylanases. Our previous studies identified endo-β-1,4-xylanase TXyn11A from <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> that mainly produces xylobiose and/or xylotriose from hydrolysis of beechwood and sugarcane bagasse xylan. However, its catalytic mechanisms remain unclear, and yields from native <em>T. harzianum</em> are very low. In the present study, recombinant TXyn11A (rTXyn11A) purified from <em>Pichia pastoris</em> catalysed the conversion of xylan into xylobiose and xylotriose via its combined endo-β-1,4-xylanase and β-1,4-xylosidase activities, and transglycosidation. Random mutagenesis and point mutation based on auto-docking identified eight key residues essential for specific activity and hydrolysis ability. Notably, glutamine 156 and aspartic acid 201 respectively control hydrolysis of xylotriose and xylotetraose to generate xylobiose. Mutant enzymes Q156A and D201I, and double mutant Q156A-D201I, displayed enhanced specific activity and ability to hydrolyze xylan into xylooligosaccharide. Auto-docking analysis revealed that the active centres of the three mutant enzymes bound xylotriose and xylotetraose more strongly than wild-type enzyme via more hydrogen bonds. These results provide novel insights into the mechanism of xylanase action to produce mainly xylobiose from hydrolysis of xylan, and engineered xylanases with improved catalytic activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 120008"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Allelopathic characterization and allelochemicals identification of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) leaf residue","authors":"Thiprada Poonsawat, Nutnicha Srilasak, Intira Koodkaew","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Allelopathy presents significant potential in sustainable agriculture as a defensive mechanism for plants. Hemp (<em>Cannabis sativa</em> L.) exhibited allelopathic properties, and the cultivation of hemp as an economic crop yields substantial leaf residue. This study aims to evaluate the allelopathic effects as well as a mode of action of hemp leaf on target plants and to identify the allelochemicals released from hemp leaf. The investigation focused on the phytotoxic effects of hemp leaf leachate, obtained via the sandwich method at concentrations of 0.25 %, 0.50 % and 1.00 %, on wheat, itchgrass, lettuce, pea bean and hemp species. Results indicated that a high concentration of hemp leaf inhibited seed germination and seedling growth across the tested plants with varying degrees of inhibition observed among recipient species. Analysis of hemp leaf’s allelopathic action revealed its efficacy in inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, diminishing cell viability and inhibiting mitosis division, leading to root growth inhibition. These effects are attributed to the synergistic action of phenolic compounds and cannabinoids released from hemp leaves. Pot culture experiments incorporating hemp leaf into soil corroborate observations made under laboratory conditions, demonstrating consistent impacts on germination and seedling growth. Hemp leaf had no effect on pigment accumulation, but at high concentrations, it reduced the leaf area of all tested plants. Hemp leaf residues became intricately intertwined with soil factors. The biomass of hemp leaf emerges as a potential source of herbicidal substances, offering a promising prospect for integration into agricultural systems to achieve effective and sustainable weed control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 120003"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saqib Mehmood , Jianquan Wang , Zhimao Li , Wenwen Qiu , Amna Arshad , Yanlong Shang , Bochao Yang , Junxiong Zhu , Ziqiang Shao , Hamayoun Mahmood
{"title":"A green approach for delignification of corn husks and their application as an unpowered thermo-responsive sensor","authors":"Saqib Mehmood , Jianquan Wang , Zhimao Li , Wenwen Qiu , Amna Arshad , Yanlong Shang , Bochao Yang , Junxiong Zhu , Ziqiang Shao , Hamayoun Mahmood","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The world is adopting biodegradable materials to replace existing petroleum-based plastics, owing to their toxicity and unfriendly environmental aspects. Biodegradable corn husk (CH) is considered a promising alternative due to its environmental friendliness and widespread availability as agricultural waste. In this work, a green process for the delignification of corn husk was developed and preparation of CH-based reversible thermo-responsive delignified corn husk (RTDCH) sensors was done which exhibit different colors corresponding to particular temperature ranges. These RTDCH sensors employed with reversible thermo-responsive nanoparticles (RTNPs) were characterized thoroughly using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), which ensures their successful synthesis. Upon deploying them for sensing temperatures from 20 to 80℃, different color displays appeared rapidly within 5 seconds, which helps to identify the particular temperature range. The RTDCH exhibited excellent reusability for several cycles and maintained consistency in color displays at certain exposed temperatures. The RTDCH, being unpowered, fast responsive, accurate, biodegradable, economical, and scalable production feasibilities, has the necessary traits to become practical at the industrial level. Such materials have tremendous potential for the food industry, scientific laboratories, and monitoring the temperature of industrial processes. The strategy adopted in this work is crucial since it is paving the way for the development of advanced functional materials from natural wastes through green synthesis approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 119986"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ru Zhang , Ruolin Gong , Zhanling An, Guangze Li, Chunyan Dai, Rong Yi, Yaqian Liu, Jungang Dong, Jihong Hu
{"title":"Integrated physiological, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of glossy mutant under drought stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)","authors":"Ru Zhang , Ruolin Gong , Zhanling An, Guangze Li, Chunyan Dai, Rong Yi, Yaqian Liu, Jungang Dong, Jihong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapeseed (<em>Brassica napus</em> L.), the second most important oil crop in the world, is extremely vulnerable to drought stress, resulting in severe reductions in yield and quality. Leaf epidermal wax plays an important role in drought stress. However, the genetic basis and regulatory mechanism of wax synthesis in <em>B. napus</em> remain unclear. Here, the integrated analysis of physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome was performed on a glossy mutant under drought stress to reveal the molecular basis of cuticular wax accumulation in rapeseed. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed the important roles of unsaturated fatty acids, wax biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction in leaves for enhancing drought tolerance. Several candidate genes were identified to be involved in alkane synthesis and alcohol synthesis of the wax synthesis pathway, including <em>CER1</em>, <em>MYB</em>, <em>FAR3</em>, and <em>MAH1</em>, based on transcriptome and metabolome with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). And RT-qPCR also validated the expression patterns of these candidate genes in the glossy mutant under drought stress. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of leaf epidermis wax synthesis and lays a foundation for breeding drought-resistant varieties and further functional research on the cuticular wax synthesis pathway in rapeseed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 120007"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azar Haghighi Poshtiri , Sima Sepahvand , Mehdi Jonoobi , Alireza Ashori , Ali Naghi Karimi , Fatemeh Hasanzadeh Fard , Laura Bergamonti , Claudia Graiff , Sabrina Palanti
{"title":"Functionalized cellulose nanocrystals for enhanced wood protection: Synthesis, characterization, and performance","authors":"Azar Haghighi Poshtiri , Sima Sepahvand , Mehdi Jonoobi , Alireza Ashori , Ali Naghi Karimi , Fatemeh Hasanzadeh Fard , Laura Bergamonti , Claudia Graiff , Sabrina Palanti","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed eco-friendly protective materials for wood preservation, focusing on enhancing fungal decay resistance, insect damage prevention, and improving physical and mechanical properties. The research examined the penetration of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and their functionalized compounds into wood tissue, evaluating their impact on poplar wood. Methodology included optimizing CNC production through acid hydrolysis, testing various temperature and time combinations. CNCs were then functionalized with Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-bis(3-aminopropyl) terminated (PDMS-NH), copper hydroxide, zinc oxide, and silver nanoparticles. Characterization techniques such as AFM, TEM, ESEM, XRD, FTIR, and μ-Raman spectroscopy analyzed CNCs and their derivatives. Wood samples were impregnated with CNCs and functionalized CNCs using pressure and vacuum treatments, then tested for weight gain, durability against white rot (<em>Trametes versicolor</em>) and brown rot (<em>Coniophora puteana</em>) fungi, resistance to insect attack (<em>Trichoferus holosericeus</em>), leaching resistance, and mechanical properties. Key findings included successful optimization of CNC production and functionalization, improved resistance against decay fungi (especially with CNC3/Cu treatment), elevating durability classification from \"non-durable\" to \"low durability\". However, treatments showed limited effectiveness against insect infestation. Leaching resistance varied among treatments, with CNC3/PDMS-NH performing best. Mechanical properties, particularly modulus of elasticity, improved significantly with CNC3 impregnation, especially in less degraded wood samples. The study contributes to eco-friendly wood protection systems development, demonstrating functionalized CNCs' potential to enhance wood durability and mechanical properties. Further research is needed to improve insect resistance and optimize the leaching performance of CNC-based treatments, paving the way for more sustainable wood preservation methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 120021"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenjie Zhu , Linping Tian , Zhiyuan Yin , Yingxuan Feng , Wenjie Xia , Huinan Wang , Qingfeng Sun , Yingying Li
{"title":"Wood-based phase change energy storage composite material with reversible thermochromic properties","authors":"Wenjie Zhu , Linping Tian , Zhiyuan Yin , Yingxuan Feng , Wenjie Xia , Huinan Wang , Qingfeng Sun , Yingying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continuous increase in global energy demand and environmental challenges, the efficient utilization and storage of energy have become critical areas of scientific research. This study presents the preparation and performance assessment of a wood-based phase change composite (TPW) with reversible thermochromic properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) confirmed thermal stability across 26 °C to 270 °C, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that TPW has good thermal cycling performance, and suitable phase change temperature at about 34 °C. Thermal insulation tests showed that TPW can reduce heat exchange between inside and outside environment, maintaining the internal temperature for longer time. Below the transition temperature, the material displays a bluish-purple color, transitioning to light yellow upon heating, with a notable color difference (<em>ΔE</em>*) increase from 3.46 to 67.89. Since the phase transition temperature close to human body temperature, enhances TPW’s compatibility for applications in home decor, temperature indicators, and anti-counterfeit labeling. This research contributes novel insights and foundational data for advancing wood-based functional materials in sustainable applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 120042"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Zhang , Xinhui Lyu , Yi Hu , Ruijin Zhou , Fengge Hao , Huiling Hu , Dongmei Lang
{"title":"Melatonin-mediated alleviation of drought stress via modulation of physio-biochemical and soil bacterial community structure in Diospyros lotus L.","authors":"Peng Zhang , Xinhui Lyu , Yi Hu , Ruijin Zhou , Fengge Hao , Huiling Hu , Dongmei Lang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Diospyros lotus</em> L<em>.</em>, cultivated for both its edible and medicinal qualities, frequently experiences drought stress during the growth phase. Tryptophan-derived melatonin effectively enhances drought resistance in plants. However, the role of melatonin in the tolerance of <em>D. lotus</em> to drought stress as well as recovery after droughts stress elimination remains unclear. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms by which melatonin alleviates <em>D. lotus</em> drought stress and recovery. Melatonin significantly reduced reactive oxygen species levels and alleviated the inhibitory effect of drought stress by activating the antioxidant system. Melatonin influences pathways related to sugar metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis, which may facilitate plant recovery from drought stress. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that melatonin induced genes and metabolites associated with sugar metabolism (Cluster-28045.33805, Cluster-28045.59949, Cluster-28045.59252, Cluster-28045.54252, Cluster-28045.44982, fructose, l-threose, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate), facilitating plant recovery from drought. Differentially enriched microorganisms suggest that melatonin induces plants to recruit potentially beneficial microorganisms (such as <em>Skermanella</em>, <em>Nocardioides</em>, <em>Ralstonia,</em> and <em>Rhodococcus)</em>, which enhances drought tolerance and recovery. Integrative analysis of the microbiome and metabolome suggests that a unique metabolite, 3-hydroxy-butanoic acid, which was induced significantly by melatonin, may play a vital role in attracting beneficial microorganisms to facilitate drought stress resistance. Our results demonstrate that melatonin enhances <em>D. lotus</em> recovery from drought by recruiting beneficial microorganisms, thereby boosting both transcriptomic and physiological resilience. Our findings aim to mitigate the impact of drought on agricultural production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 120002"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liyi Zhang , Guangyong Zeng , Benkun Qi , Jianquan Luo , Yinhua Wan
{"title":"Investigating the esterification-induced inhibition in enzymatic saccharification of corn stover pretreated with carboxylic-acid based deep eutectic solvent","authors":"Liyi Zhang , Guangyong Zeng , Benkun Qi , Jianquan Luo , Yinhua Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Choline chloride-lactic acid, a common carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvent (DES), was used to pretreat corn stover (CS). Despite significant lignin and xylan removal, enzymatic cellulose conversion remained below 30 %, only slightly higher than untreated CS. Structural characterization confirmed esterification between the CS's hydroxyl groups and lactic acid during pretreatment. A brief 5-min saponification effectively removed these ester groups, leading to a 1.08-, 2.75-, and 2.50-fold increase in 48-h cellulose hydrolysis for 2-, 5-, and 8-h DES-pretreated samples, respectively. Analysis of chemical composition, surface morphology, crystallinity, and degree of polymerization revealed that these factors did not contribute to the enhanced hydrolysis observed in the saponified samples. This study concludes that saponification-induced de-esterification is the key factor driving the significant increase in enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis, highlighting the detrimental impact of esterification occurring during carboxylic acid-based DES pretreatment on subsequent cellulose saccharification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 120031"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}