Infectious Disease Reports最新文献

{"title":"A Multi-Center Prospective Study on Post-Vaccination Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Polish Long-Term Care Facility Residents: Associations with COVID-19 Clinical Course and Comorbidities.","authors":"Justyna Brodowicz, Piotr Heczko, Estera Jachowicz-Matczak, Mateusz Gajda, Katarzyna Gawlik, Dorota Pawlica-Gosiewska, Bogdan Solnica, Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach","doi":"10.3390/idr17040089","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17040089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccination effectively reduces the risk of infection, including COVID-19 yet older adults often receive insufficient attention despite their increased vulnerability. The study aimed to correlate serological results with underlying conditions, vaccination status, and COVID-19 history.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This non-interventional, multicenter study aimed to assess vaccination coverage and SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels among residents of eight long-term care facilities (LTCFs) in Southern Poland. Data collection took place between January and June 2022, with 429 participants recruited based on their ability to provide informed consent and their residency in LTCFs. Sociodemographic data, medical history, and COVID-19-related information-including infection history and vaccination status-were collected through surveys. Blood samples were obtained for serological testing using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Statistical analysis, including Spearman's correlation, revealed significant associations between antibody levels and vaccination status, as well as between RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infections and higher antibody titers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the seven different qualitative serological, only the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 NCP (IgG) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (IgA) tests showed a positive correlation with the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac (IgG) test, which was used as a comparator. A weak correlation was noted with the age of the residents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that vaccination positively influences antibody responses, underscoring the importance of immunization among LTCF residents. Additionally, certain comorbidities-such as degenerative joint disease and diabetes-showed weak correlations with higher antibody levels. This study provides valuable insights into the humoral immune response to COVID-19 in vulnerable populations residing in LTCFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12385578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection in the United States of America-A Comparative Event Risk Analysis of Patients Treated with Fidaxomicin vs. Vancomycin Across 67 Large Healthcare Providers.","authors":"Sebastian M Wingen-Heimann, Christoph Lübbert, Davide Fiore Bavaro, Sina M Hopff","doi":"10.3390/idr17040087","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17040087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong><i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) is a major cause of infectious diarrhea in the inpatient and community setting. Real-world data outside the strict environment of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to improve the quality of evidence. The aim of this study was to compare different clinical outcomes of CDI patients treated with fidaxomicin with those treated with vancomycin using a representative patient population in the United States of America (USA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Comprehensive real-world data were analyzed for this retrospective observational study, provided by the TriNetX database, an international research network with electronic health records from multiple USA healthcare providers. This includes in- and outpatients treated with fidaxomicin (FDX) or vancomycin (VAN) for CDI between 01/2013 and 12/2023. The following cohorts were compared: (i) patients treated with fidaxomicin within 10 days following CDI diagnosis (FDX group) vs. (ii) patients treated with vancomycin within 10 days following CDI diagnosis (VAN group). Outcomes analysis between the two cohorts was performed after propensity score matching and included event risk and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses for the following concomitant diseases/events occurring during an observational period of 12 months following CDI diagnosis: death, sepsis, candidiasis, infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, psychological disease, central line-associated blood stream infection, surgical site infection, and ventilator-associated pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following propensity score matching, 2170 patients were included in the FDX group and VAN groups, respectively. The event risk analysis demonstrated improved outcomes of patients treated with FDX compared to VAN in 6 out of the 10 events that were analyzed. The highest risk ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR) were found for sepsis (RR: 3.409; OR: 3.635), candidiasis (RR: 2.347; OR: 2.431), and death (RR: 1.710; OR: 1.811). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed an overall survival rate until the end of the 12-month observational period of 87.06% in the FDX group and 78.49% in the VAN group (log-rank <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our comparative event risk analysis demonstrated improved outcomes for patients treated with FDX compared to VAN in most of the observed events and underlines the results of previously conducted RCTs, highlighting the beneficial role of FDX compared to VAN. Further big data analyses from other industrialized countries are needed for comparison with our observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12386325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144952678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mpox Surveillance and Laboratory Response in Portugal: Lessons Learned from Three Outbreak Waves (2022-2025).","authors":"Rita Cordeiro, Rafaela Francisco, Ana Pelerito, Isabel Lopes de Carvalho, Maria Sofia Núncio","doi":"10.3390/idr17040086","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17040086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Mpox re-emerged in 2022 as a global health concern. Between 2022 and 2025, Portugal experienced three distinct outbreak waves, highlighting the critical role of laboratory surveillance and public health interventions. This study describes the epidemiological trends, diagnostic performance, and key lessons learned to improve outbreak preparedness. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 5610 clinical samples from 2802 suspected cases were analyzed at the National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge using real-time PCR methods. Positivity rates and viral loads (Ct values) were assessed across different clinical specimen types, including lesion, anal, oropharyngeal swabs, and urine samples. <b>Results:</b> Mpox was confirmed in 1202 patients. The first outbreak accounted for 79.3% of cases (n = 953), followed by a significant reduction in transmission during subsequent waves. Lesion and rectal swabs provided the highest diagnostic sensitivity (95.1% and 87.9%, respectively). Oropharyngeal swabs contributed to diagnosis in cases without visible lesions, while urine samples showed limited utility. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study underscores the importance of sustained laboratory surveillance and adaptive public health strategies in controlling mpox outbreaks. Optimizing specimen collection enhances diagnostic accuracy, supporting early detection. Continuous monitoring, combined with targeted vaccination and effective risk communication, is essential to prevent resurgence and ensure rapid response in non-endemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Rectal Syphilis in the Setting of Profound HIV Immunosuppression: A Case Report Highlighting ERG/CD38 Immunophenotyping and a Review of the Literature.","authors":"Diana Marcela Carmona Valencia, Juan Diego López, Shirley Vanessa Correa Forero, Diana Marcela Bonilla Bonilla, Jorge Karim Assis, Yamil Liscano","doi":"10.3390/idr17040085","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17040085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Aim:</b> Syphilis, caused by <i>Treponema pallidum</i>, classically presents with genital or anal chancres; rectal involvement is rare and frequently misdiagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease or malignancy. We describe an unusually severe case of syphilitic proctitis in the setting of advanced HIV-related immunosuppression (CD4 39 cells/µL), in which targeted immunophenotyping (ERG and CD38) was a valuable adjunctive tool in the differential diagnosis. <b>Case Presentation:</b> A 46-year-old man with a recent history of erosive gastritis and esophageal candidiasis presented after six months of unintentional 20 kg weight loss, profound fatigue, intermittent fevers, profuse diarrhea, and two episodes of hematemesis. Workup revealed a new diagnosis of HIV infection (CD4: 39 cells/µL; viral load: 87,837 copies/mL). Contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated uniform, concentric rectal wall thickening (\"target sign\"). Colonoscopic biopsy showed exuberant granulation tissue and dense plasma cell infiltrates. Immunohistochemistry revealed a dense infiltrate of CD38-positive plasma cells and ERG-positive endothelial proliferation. These findings, in the context of positive serology, were highly supportive of a spirochetal etiology and helped differentiate it from potential mimics. Serology was positive for latent late syphilis (VDRL 1:64). The patient received three weekly doses of intramuscular benzathine penicillin; lumbar puncture excluded neurosyphilis. <b>Discussion:</b> This is among the first reported cases of syphilitic proctitis in a patient with CD4 < 50 cells/µL, where advanced immunophenotyping differentiated syphilitic inflammation from neoplastic or inflammatory mimics. Profound immunosuppression accelerates disease progression and yields atypical clinical features. <b>Conclusion:</b> In HIV-infected patients with chronic rectal symptoms, especially those with CD4 < 50 cells/µL, syphilitic proctitis must be considered. Integration of radiologic assessment, histopathology with ERG/CD38 staining, and serologic testing permits prompt diagnosis. Early benzathine penicillin therapy and rigorous clinical and serologic follow-up are essential to prevent complications, including neurosyphilis.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Fungal Infections: Underexplored Pathological Links.","authors":"Andrea Jazel Rodríguez-Herrera, Sabrina Setembre Batah, Maria Júlia Faci do Marco, Carlos Mario González-Zambrano, Luciane Alarcão Dias-Melicio, Alexandre Todorovic Fabro","doi":"10.3390/idr17040084","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17040084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Pulmonary fungal infections are a significant diagnostic challenge, primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV, cancer, or organ transplants, and they often lead to substantial morbidity and mortality if untreated. These infections trigger acute inflammatory and immune responses, which may progress to chronic inflammation. This process involves myofibroblast recruitment, the deposition of extracellular matrix, and vascular remodeling, ultimately contributing to pulmonary hypertension. Despite its clinical relevance, pulmonary hypertension secondary to fungal infections remains under-recognized in practice and poorly studied in research.</p><p><strong>Results/conclusion: </strong>This narrative mini-review explores three key mechanisms underlying vascular remodeling in this context: (1) endothelial injury caused by fungal emboli or autoimmune reactions, (2) direct vascular remodeling during chronic infection driven by inflammation and fibrosis, and (3) distant vascular remodeling post-infection, as seen in granulomatous diseases like paracoccidioidomycosis. Further research and clinical screening for pulmonary hypertension in fungal infections are crucial to improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> Infection Frequently Requires Surgical Intervention in Individuals with HIV.","authors":"Sergio Zuñiga-Quiñonez, Pedro Martinez-Ayala, Monserrat Alvarez-Zavala, Andrea Torres-Rojas, Isaac D V Garcia-Govea, Luz A Gonzalez-Hernandez, Jaime F Andrade-Villanueva, Fernando Amador-Lara","doi":"10.3390/idr17040082","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17040082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zoonotic infection with <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> continues to occur, particularly in regions lacking bovine tuberculosis surveillance and where the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, including artisanal cheeses, is common. We describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics, diagnostic procedures, and treatment outcomes of individuals with HIV with <i>M. bovis</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study analyzing sociodemographic, clinical, microbiological, and computed tomography (CT) data, as well as treatment outcomes, in 12 patients with HIV with confirmed <i>M. bovis</i> infection. These findings were compared with those of 14 individuals with HIV diagnosed with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infection during the same period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products was significantly associated with <i>M. bovis</i>. Patients with <i>M. bovis</i> infection had higher CD4+ T-cell counts compared to those with <i>M. tuberculosis</i> infection (<i>p</i> = 0.01, <i>r</i> = 0.45). All <i>M. bovis</i> cases presented with extrapulmonary disease. CT imaging in <i>M. bovis</i> infection more frequently demonstrated retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and splenic abscesses compared to <i>M. tuberculosis</i> infection. Microbiological identification was exclusively from extrapulmonary sites in all <i>M. bovis</i> cases. Surgical interventions, including abscess drainage or splenectomy, were significantly more common among <i>M. bovis</i> patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong><i>M. bovis</i> infection in individuals with HIV is characterized by consistent extrapulmonary, often abdominal, involvement. Surgical procedures are frequently required for both diagnosis and management. Targeted efforts to identify <i>M. bovis</i> are warranted, particularly in high-burden regions where unpasteurized dairy consumption remains prevalent.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erythema Nodosum Leprosum in a Patient with Borderline Lepromatous Leprosy: A Case Report.","authors":"Guido Chiriboga, Qianyu Guo, Eric Zuberi, Harry Ross Powers, Libardo Rueda Prada","doi":"10.3390/idr17040083","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17040083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leprosy, caused by <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i>, presents on a spectrum ranging from tuberculoid to lepromatous disease. Borderline lepromatous leprosy represents an unstable immunological state that predisposes patients to immune-mediated reactions, including erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL), a severe inflammatory complication.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a case of a 62-year-old female with borderline lepromatous leprosy who presented with recurrent facial cellulitis and later developed disseminated ENL. She was initially diagnosed following a series of facial infections and confirmatory skin biopsy. Months later, she developed systemic inflammatory lesions consistent with ENL, requiring hospitalization. She was treated with high-dose corticosteroids for ENL and methotrexate to treat type 1 reaction and continued multidrug therapy (MDT) with minocycline, rifampin, and clarithromycin for leprosy, which led to significant clinical improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of leprosy in the United States and the importance of recognizing ENL as a severe immunologic complication requiring prompt intervention. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for optimal patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Type I Interferons in Tuberculosis and in Tuberculosis-Risk-Associated Comorbidities.","authors":"Florence Mutua, Ruey-Chyi Su, Terry Blake Ball, Sandra Kiazyk","doi":"10.3390/idr17040081","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17040081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The identification of a type I interferon-induced transcriptomic signature in active tuberculosis suggests a potential role for these interferons in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Comorbidities such as human immunodeficiency virus, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, end-stage renal disease, and coronavirus disease are epidemiologically linked to an increased risk for reactivation of latent tuberculosis infection. Notably, type I interferons are also implicated in the pathogenesis of these conditions, with a recognizable type I interferon transcriptomic signature. The mechanisms by which type I interferons in tuberculosis-risk-associated comorbidities may drive the progression of tuberculosis or maintenance of latent infection however remain largely unknown. This review summarizes the existing literature on the increased association between type I interferons, focusing on interferon-α and -β, and the heightened risk of tuberculosis reactivation. It also underscores the similarities in the immunopathogenesis of these comorbidities. A better understanding of these mechanisms is essential to guide the development of host-directed interferon therapies and improving diagnostic biomarkers in <i>M. tuberculosis</i> infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Kidney Function in Predicting COVID-19 Severity and Clinical Outcomes: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Victor Muniz de Freitas, Érika Bevilaqua Rangel","doi":"10.3390/idr17040079","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17040079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves a complex interplay of dysregulated immune responses, a pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, endothelial injury, and thrombotic complications. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of kidney function on clinical, laboratory, and outcome parameters in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a retrospective analysis of 359 patients admitted during the first wave of COVID-19, stratified by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR < 60 vs. ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²). Data on demographics, vital signs, laboratory values, and clinical outcomes-including mortality, hemodialysis requirement, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mechanical ventilation (MV)-were collected. Univariate and multivariate linear regression, as well as area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) analyses, were performed. A <i>p</i>-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. <b>Results:</b> Patients with an eGFR < 60 were older and more likely to have systemic hypertension, chronic kidney disease, a history of solid organ transplantation, and immunosuppressive therapy. This group showed higher rates of mortality (41.6% vs. 19.2%), hemodialysis requirement (32.3% vs. 9.6%), ICU admission (50.9% vs. 37.9%), and MV (39.8% vs. 21.2%). Laboratory results revealed acidosis, anemia, lymphopenia, elevated inflammatory markers, and hyperkalemia. <b>Conclusions:</b> An admission eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m² is associated with worse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 and may serve as a simple, early marker for risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of CFTR Modulators on <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Infections in Cystic Fibrosis.","authors":"Camelia Corina Pescaru, Alexandru Florian Crișan, Adelina Marițescu, Vlad Cărunta, Monica Marc, Ștefan Dumitrache-Rujinski, Sorina Laitin, Cristian Oancea","doi":"10.3390/idr17040080","DOIUrl":"10.3390/idr17040080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Modulator therapies have the ability to improve CFTR function in CF patients, but despite the clear evidence of benefits regarding CFTR modulator therapy, including improved lung function, the reduced rate of exacerbations, and an overall improved quality of life, studies focusing on the reduction rates of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections during modulator therapy expressed the need for future research on this topic. <b>Objective</b>: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CFTR modulator therapies on the prevalence, density, and persistence of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection in CF patients and to explore the mechanisms involved. <b>Methods</b>: A systematic literature review was performed by searching five major databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science), and 21 relevant articles investigating the link between CFTR therapy and <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infections were selected following the PRISMA guidelines. <b>Results</b>: The data indicated that Ivacaftor and the combination Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI) can reduce total bacterial load and markers of systemic inflammation. However, clonal lines of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> persist in most cases, and complete eradication is rare, mainly due to biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. <b>Conclusions</b>: Although CFTR-modulating therapies help to improve clinical condition and reduce inflammation, they do not consistently lead to the elimination of <i>P. aeruginosa</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":13579,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Disease Reports","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12285981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144698378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}