Infectious Agents and Cancer最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of hpv risk groups among women enrolled in the mulher cervical cancer screening study in Mozambique.","authors":"Cristina Mendes de Oliveira, Ricardina Rangeiro, Nafissa Osman, Ellen Baker, Andrea Neves, Arlete A N Mariano, Guilhermina Tivir, Joseph P Thomas, Jennifer Carns, Viviane Andrade, Carla Carrilho, Eliane C S Monteiro, Hannah Hoover, Edson Chivambo, Marcos Chissano, Elizabeth Chiao, Hira Atif, Philip E Castle, Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Eva Lathrop, Kathleen M Schmeler, Cesaltina Lorenzoni, Mila P Salcedo","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00655-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-025-00655-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Limited data are available about the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) among women undergoing cervical cancer screening in Mozambique. We describe the prevalence of high-risk HPV risk groups detected in women who participated in the MULHER Study, a prospective trial of Mozambican women undergoing cervical cancer screening with HPV testing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From January 2020 to January 2023, 9,014 women aged 30-49 years in Maputo City and Gaza Province, Mozambique underwent cervical cancer screening. Cervicovaginal samples were self-collected (97.5%) or provider-collected (2.5%) and primary HPV testing was performed using the GeneXpert HPV testing platform (Cepheid Inc, USA) which provided data on HR-HPV risk groups: HPV16, HPV18/45 and 11 other HR-HPV types in aggregate. Women with a positive HR-HPV test underwent visual assessment using dilute acetic acid applied to the cervix for treatment decisions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 9,014 women enrolled in the MULHER Study, 8,954 (99.3%) had a valid HPV test result. Of those, 2,805 (31.3%) tested positive for at least one HR-HPV group: HPV16 (n = 475, 16.9%), HPV18/45 (n = 686, 24.6%) and other HR-HPV (n = 2,150, 77.1%). A total of 17.8% were positive for multiple HPV HR groups. HR-HPV infection prevalence was higher among women living with HIV (WLWH) than HIV-negative women (39.7% vs. 24.3% respectively; p < 0.001). WLWH were more likely to test positive for HPV18/45 (p = 0.03) and for two or more HR-HPV risk groups (P < 0.0001) compared with HIV-negative women. HPV16 was the most frequently detected HR-HPV group (56.7%) among women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HR-HPV prevalence was high among Mozambican women aged 30-49 years, especially among WLWH, consistent with the high burden of cervical cancer in this population. HPV16 was the most common HR-HPV group among women with cervical cancer. Further study is needed to determine the role of HR-HPV genotyping in follow-up and treatment in Mozambique.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11995624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical impact of concurrent autologous adoptive T cells immunotherapy in active COVID-19 infected cancer patients for chemotherapy.","authors":"Congcong Li, Dazhao Xu, Linyao Lu, Shu Peng, Haiyang Zhao, Chuxiong Zeng, Lina Hu, Xianzhi Guo, Li Liu, Feifei Huo, Xiumei Rong, Zhenying Geng, Ping Lin, Xinna Zhou, Xiaoli Wang, Amy Hobeika, Michael A Morse, Herbert Kim Lyerly, Jun Ren","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00654-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13027-025-00654-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The concurrent presence of COVID-19 infection in advanced cancer patients has increased the mortality since the compromised immunity was inevitably worsen. The role and clinical impact of autologous adoptive T cell immunotherapy (ACT) designed for anti-cancer treatment were not known in such circumstances. The safety and potential immune reconstitution of concurrent ACT in advanced cancer patients with active COVID-19 infection have yet unknown as well. The effect of infused ACT on the symptom severity manifestation should be summarized.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this respectively clinical observation study, patients were non-randomized enrolled from the two centers according to the regular therapeutic plans including stage IV cancer patients for scheduled ACT, chemotherapy, cancer patients with symptomatic COVID-19 but without ACT, neither cancer or non-ACT but symptomatic cases of COVID-19 infection. We have incorporated the age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (aCCI) for each patient to compare the prognosis of the three groups. All patients were planned for the scheduled standard anti-cancer therapeutic considerations, chemotherapy plus ACT as planned as well as the supportive care.The clinical efficacy and impact of ACT on cancer patients within the 3 months from the peripheral blood apheresis, dendritic cell (DC) and cytokine induced killer T cell (CIK-T ) infusion and subsequent co-existence of COVID-19 infection were recorded as the primary objective. During the same period, the cancer cases without ACT and others were collected to compare the occurrence of both severe and death rate respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;There were 123 patients (35 of ACT, 23 of non-ACT, 65 of non-cancer) with similar aCCI. There were similar cohort-level COVID-19 in-hospital case fatality rates consistent with previously reported data for non-cancer (26.2%, 17/65) and non-ACT cancer (52.2%, 12/23) among those admitted severe cases after the adjustment.There were little overlapped adverse reactions during the ACT therapeutic period even in the presence of active COVID-19 infection. No death case was occurred (0/35) when those exposed to ACT regimen. Cancer patients receiving ACT had a shorter mean time to alleviation of symptoms compared with non-ACT and non-cancer (4.46 versus 16.88 and 17.90 days respectively) as well as the lowered severity incidence of symptoms (P = 0.0010). The infused ACT has not significant impact on peripheral blood count whereas the amount of CD3&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;CD16&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD56&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; NK cells increased (P = 0.0017). The quantity of infused ACT was favorable for augmentation of possibility of severe to mild symptom shift.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;These data demonstrate the clinical safety profiles while ACT infusions with active COVID-19 infection.The intervention of ACT for cancer patients could generate the benefit for symptom alleviation with improved recovery","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11983847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143977898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the triage value of multigene methylation testing for CIN2 + in hrHPV-positive patients.","authors":"Caiyun Lin, Chenye Zhu, Meihua Xie, Hua Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00652-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00652-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the triage value of multigene methylation testing for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and above (CIN2+) in high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) positive patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>634 hrHPV-positive cases were selected from the gynecology outpatient clinic at Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center between July 2022 and April 2024. Out of these, 274 patients were excluded based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 360 patients were evaluated for hrHPV, cytology, histopathology, and DNA methylation across multiple loci. These patients were categorized into five groups based on their histopathological diagnoses: control group, CIN1 group, CIN2 group, CIN3 group, and cervical cancer (CC) group. The triage value of multigene methylation testing for CIN2 + in hrHPV-positive patients was evaluated by calculating the positivity of candidate gene methylation, sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and other performance indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 17 candidate genes (ST6GALNAC5, PAX1, AJAP1, CDKN2A, ZNF671, GATA4, MAL, POU4F3, RXFP3, JAM3, MIR124, LHX8, SOX1, ASTN1, SOX17, DLX1, and ITGA4), ITGA4 methylation testing demonstrated the highest diagnostic efficacy for detecting CIN2 + lesions, with an AUC of 0.866 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.806-0.925). This method exhibited a sensitivity of 75.32% (95% CI: 0.647-0.836) and a specificity of 96.45% (95% CI: 0.936-0.981). The combined methylation test, which included all candidate genes, showed a higher specificity of 97.87% (95% CI: 0.954-0.990) compared to any individual gene methylation test. However, its sensitivity was lower, at 72.73% (95% CI: 0.619-0.814). Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy of combining HPV16/18 testing with all candidate gene methylation tests for the diagnosis of CIN2 + was significantly greater than when HPV16/18 testing was combined with cytology. This combined approach had an AUC of 0.907 (95% CI: 0.858-0.955), a sensitivity of 72.73% (95% CI: 0.619-0.814), and a specificity of 98.58% (95% CI: 0.964-0.995).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multigene methylation testing is an efficient triage test for CIN2 + in hrHPV-positive patients and has potential value in clinical practice. Combined HPV16/18 and multigene methylation testing for the triage of CIN2 + is significantly better than combined HPV16/18 and cytology testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11974008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifting HPV-cancer burden: from cervical cancer to oropharyngeal cancer.","authors":"Connor R Volpi, Anna R Giuliano, Edith Morais, Marisa Felsher","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00649-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00649-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to explore the contrasting trends of decreasing cervical cancer (CC) rates among women and increasing oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) rates among men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis examines public health initiatives, including CC screening programs and HPV vaccination efforts, alongside the changing epidemiology of OPC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Declines in CC incidence are attributed to improved screening and HPV vaccination. Conversely, OPC rates are rising among men, linked primarily to HPV infection and lack of established screening programs. Data indicate a higher OPC burden in men compared to CC in women in several countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Addressing the rising OPC trend requires a multifaceted approach, including gender-neutral HPV vaccination, the development of OPC screening methods, and increased public awareness. Sustained efforts in HPV-related cancer prevention are crucial to mitigate these opposing trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11966849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NAT10 promotes gastric cancer progression by enhancing the N4-acetylcytidine modification of TNC mRNA.","authors":"Yu Chen, Jinzhou Wang, Jiuhua Xu, Ruilong Kou, Bin Lan, Zhiwei Qin","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00650-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00650-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastric cancer (GC) is a very aggressive malignant tumor of the digestive system. Previous studies have shown that N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) can regulate the N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) modification of downstream mRNAs through certain pathways to promote the progression of various tumors. However, reports on the regulatory effects of NAT10 on GC are rare. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism by which NAT10 regulated GC progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical samples were used to study the correlation between NAT10 expression and poor prognosis in patients with GC by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to assess the effects of NAT10 and Tenascin C (TNC) on the malignant biological behaviors of GC cells. Acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing was conducted to explore the role of NAT10 in ac4C modification in GC. mRNA stability and translation efficiency assays were performed to investigate the effect of changes in NAT10 expression on its target TNC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of clinical samples revealed that NAT10 expression was abnormally elevated and positively correlated with TNC expression in GC, and increased NAT10 expression led to poor overall survival. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that high NAT10 expression promoted the invasive and proliferative capacity of GC cells. Rescue experiments suggested that TNC played an important role in the above process. Mechanistically, the acetylation-based RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and acetylated RNA immunoprecipitation qPCR results indicated that NAT10 regulated the level of ac4C modification by binding to specific regions in TNC mRNA, increasing mRNA stability and translation, upregulating TNC expression, further activating the TNC/Akt/TGF-β1 positive feedback loop.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In summary, our results reveal that NAT10 plays a critical role in GC development by affecting TNC mRNA stability and translation efficiency, which ultimately activates the TNC/Akt/TGF-β1 positive feedback loop. This study is expected to provide a novel target and theoretical basis for improving the diagnosis and treatment of GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive interaction between hepatitis B virus infection and tobacco smoking on the risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese population.","authors":"Danjing Chen, Rong Yu, Yongfeng Cai, He Zhang, Yijun Jiang, Yunli Wu, Xian-E Peng","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00648-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00648-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was regarded as a risk factor for liver cancer, the association of HBV infection with gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. In this study, we aim to assess the association of HBV infection with the risk of GC and explore the interaction between HBV infection and other risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted and 409 GC cases and 1275 healthy controls were enrolled in Fujian province, China. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was measured and epidemiological data were collected. The association between HBV infection and GC risk was analyzed using logistic regression and meta-analysis method was employed to make estimates more conservative. Meanwhile, multiplicative and additive models were used to explore the interaction between HBV infection and other risk factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of serum HBsAg positivity was 13.20% among GC cases and 6.20% among controls. Compared to HBsAg-negative subjects, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for HBsAg positive were 3.30 [95% confidence interval (CI): (1.84-5.91)]. Compared to HBsAg-negative never smokers, the adjusted OR was 2.00 (95%CI: 1.19-3.34) for HBsAg-negative ever smokers,4.27 (95%CI: 1.97-9.26) for HBsAg-positive never smokers, and 4.73 (95%CI: 1.85-12.08) for HBsAg-positive ever smokers. These evidences indicated super-additive [API (95%CI): 0.78 (0.67-0.90), S (95%CI): 5.45 (3.26-9.08)] between HBV infection and tobacco smoking. No interaction between HBV infection and alcohol drinking was found on the risk of GC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HBV infection increased the risk of GC, and tobacco smoking and HBV infection may positively interact in the development of GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11927330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of somatic mutational profiles according to HIV status among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3): a focus on hotspots in TP53, PIK3CA, PTEN, and EGFR.","authors":"Nosipho Mabizela, Nyarai Soko, Hue-Tsi Wu, Richard Naidoo, Collet Dandara","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00647-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00647-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy in HIV treatment, cervical cancer remains a leading malignancy in HIV-infected women. Additionally, co-infection by HIV and HPV further accelerates cervical cancer development. There are limited studies on the role of host somatic variations in HIV infected and HIV-negative women with cervical cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and compare host somatic genetic variation in cervical biopsies obtained from HIV infected and HIV-negative women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 to understand the genomic landscape. The distribution of HPV types was also investigated between HIV infected and HIV-negative women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The project used an age-matched case-control study utilizing archived cervical biopsies from 88 women (44 HIV infected, 44 HIV-negative) attending Groote Schuur Hospital Cancer Clinic between 2020 and 2022. HPV infection and type were confirmed using the Anyplex™ II HPV28 Detection kit. Six hotspot regions in the four commonly mutated genes (TP53, PIK3CA, PTEN, and EGFR) in cervical cancer were genotyped using PCR and Sanger Sequencing. Variant pathogenicity was assessed using SIFT, Polyphen-2, and ClinVar tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age was 37 years (IQR: 34-41) for HIV infected women and 35 years (IQR:32- 43) for HIV-negative women. Significantly more HIV-negative women (51% vs. 12%) reported tobacco smoking (p < 0.0001), menstruation irregularities (74% vs. 35%; p = 0.005), and contraception usage (77% vs. 59%; p = 0.019), when compared to their HIV-infected counterparts. Common HPV types identified were HPV16 (n = 43/88, 49%), HPV35 (n = 12/88, 14%), and HPV58 (n = 10/88, 11%). A total of 232 genetic variants were reported. HIV infected women had a significantly higher (p = 0.0406) burden of pathogenic variants (31%) compared to the HIV-negative (15%). The spectrum of observed mutations included stop-gain, missense, synonymous, and intronic changes. Most of the stop gain mutations in TP53 and PIK3CA were reported among HIV infected women (n = 4/5), compared to HIV-negative women (n = 1/5). Damaging variants were more prevalent in women under 50 in both cohorts. We also report on rare HPV subtypes currently not included in the diagnostic HPV test kits in this cohort (HPV 82, 42, 43 and 53).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIV-infection status and age appear to be risk factors for higher burden of pathogenic mutations in genes that predispose to cervical cancer. Mutation profiles in PIK3CA and TP53 genes could be biomarkers of cervical cancer progression but more studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision therapeutic targets for HPV-positive cancers: an overview and new insights.","authors":"Yixi Huang, Jiayi Wang, Wenbin Yang, Feifei Hou, Xiaodong Feng","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00641-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00641-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing incidence and mortality rates of HPV-positive cancers, particularly HPV-positive head and neck cancer, in recent years have emphasized the pressing need for more efficacious treatment options. Recent studies have elucidated the molecular distinctions between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cancers, which are crucial for developing precise and effective therapeutic strategies. This review updates the most recent findings on the molecular variances between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cancers, evaluates current treatments for HPV-positive cancers, and summarizes emerging frontiers in HPV-targeted therapies aimed at developing more effective and precise interventions against these cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11900425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic vaccines against HPV-caused cervical cancer: novel vaccines are still demanded.","authors":"Sogand Amiri, Shiva Rasekh, Seyed Mohammad Iman Moezzi, Nadia Seifi, Seyed Amirreza Fatemi, Shirin Fathi, Ashkan Bagheri, Manica Negahdaripour","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00643-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00643-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with cervical cancer and other malignancies. Despite the tremendous success of marketed prophylactic HPV vaccines for the past 18 years, cervical cancer remains a significant global challenge. A nearly 10% increase in new cervical cancer cases worldwide from 2020 to 2022 underscores the urgent need for enhanced vaccination efforts. Current HPV vaccines, including Cervarix®, Gardasil®, Gardasil®9, Cecolin®, and Walrinvax® utilize VLP (virus-like particle) structures and have demonstrated significant efficacy. However, challenges such as type-limited coverage, cold-chain requirements, and affordability emphasize the critical need for further research and development of novel HPV vaccines. Some investigational vaccines, for instance, those using VLPs to carry protective antigens with broader coverage across different viral types, show promise for the future of cervical cancer prevention. Realizing this hope and making further progress still depend on the dedication and innovation of the scientists and authorities involved. This review focuses on both approved and investigational preventive vaccines, including also those designed for simultaneous prevention and therapy. Clinical trials are briefly reviewed, and potential strategies to advance vaccination against HPV-induced cervical cancer are summarized. This review emphasizes approaches that require further investigation in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a multiplex qPCR method for identification of high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus.","authors":"Ali Mohammadi, Ehsan Lotfi, Fatemeh Karamali, Fereshteh Golab, Mahmood Barati","doi":"10.1186/s13027-024-00633-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-024-00633-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer is a significant public health concern, disproportionately affecting women in less developed regions due to limited access to screening and vaccination programs. Despite advancements in cervical cancer prevention and treatment, there remains a need for efficient and cost-effective diagnostic tools. This study aimed to develop a multiplex real-time PCR assay to rapidly and accurately identify 15 human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes.The primary objective was to design a screening method capable of simultaneously detecting HPV types 16 and 18, which account for over 70% of cervical cancers, as well as other clinically relevant high-risk and probable/possible high-risk. To validate the assay's performance, we compared its results with those obtained using the commercially available INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II Assay kit (FujireBio, Tokyo, Japan). The developed assay successfully identified 15 HPV genotypes in a single reaction. Analysis of 150 positive and 40 negative clinical samples demonstrated excellent concordance between the two assays. The in-house real-time PCR test exhibited a clinical sensitivity of 98% and a clinical specificity of 100%, indicating its reliability and accuracy for HPV genotyping. The multiplex real-time PCR assay is a cost-effective and efficient tool for HPV screening, detecting multiple genotypes simultaneously. It enhances screening efficiency and accuracy, improving early detection and management of HPV-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}