Infectious Agents and Cancer最新文献

{"title":"A comparative analysis of somatic mutational profiles according to HIV status among women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3): a focus on hotspots in TP53, PIK3CA, PTEN, and EGFR.","authors":"Nosipho Mabizela, Nyarai Soko, Hue-Tsi Wu, Richard Naidoo, Collet Dandara","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00647-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00647-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy in HIV treatment, cervical cancer remains a leading malignancy in HIV-infected women. Additionally, co-infection by HIV and HPV further accelerates cervical cancer development. There are limited studies on the role of host somatic variations in HIV infected and HIV-negative women with cervical cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and compare host somatic genetic variation in cervical biopsies obtained from HIV infected and HIV-negative women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 to understand the genomic landscape. The distribution of HPV types was also investigated between HIV infected and HIV-negative women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The project used an age-matched case-control study utilizing archived cervical biopsies from 88 women (44 HIV infected, 44 HIV-negative) attending Groote Schuur Hospital Cancer Clinic between 2020 and 2022. HPV infection and type were confirmed using the Anyplex™ II HPV28 Detection kit. Six hotspot regions in the four commonly mutated genes (TP53, PIK3CA, PTEN, and EGFR) in cervical cancer were genotyped using PCR and Sanger Sequencing. Variant pathogenicity was assessed using SIFT, Polyphen-2, and ClinVar tools.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age was 37 years (IQR: 34-41) for HIV infected women and 35 years (IQR:32- 43) for HIV-negative women. Significantly more HIV-negative women (51% vs. 12%) reported tobacco smoking (p < 0.0001), menstruation irregularities (74% vs. 35%; p = 0.005), and contraception usage (77% vs. 59%; p = 0.019), when compared to their HIV-infected counterparts. Common HPV types identified were HPV16 (n = 43/88, 49%), HPV35 (n = 12/88, 14%), and HPV58 (n = 10/88, 11%). A total of 232 genetic variants were reported. HIV infected women had a significantly higher (p = 0.0406) burden of pathogenic variants (31%) compared to the HIV-negative (15%). The spectrum of observed mutations included stop-gain, missense, synonymous, and intronic changes. Most of the stop gain mutations in TP53 and PIK3CA were reported among HIV infected women (n = 4/5), compared to HIV-negative women (n = 1/5). Damaging variants were more prevalent in women under 50 in both cohorts. We also report on rare HPV subtypes currently not included in the diagnostic HPV test kits in this cohort (HPV 82, 42, 43 and 53).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIV-infection status and age appear to be risk factors for higher burden of pathogenic mutations in genes that predispose to cervical cancer. Mutation profiles in PIK3CA and TP53 genes could be biomarkers of cervical cancer progression but more studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143648032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision therapeutic targets for HPV-positive cancers: an overview and new insights.","authors":"Yixi Huang, Jiayi Wang, Wenbin Yang, Feifei Hou, Xiaodong Feng","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00641-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00641-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing incidence and mortality rates of HPV-positive cancers, particularly HPV-positive head and neck cancer, in recent years have emphasized the pressing need for more efficacious treatment options. Recent studies have elucidated the molecular distinctions between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cancers, which are crucial for developing precise and effective therapeutic strategies. This review updates the most recent findings on the molecular variances between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cancers, evaluates current treatments for HPV-positive cancers, and summarizes emerging frontiers in HPV-targeted therapies aimed at developing more effective and precise interventions against these cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11900425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic vaccines against HPV-caused cervical cancer: novel vaccines are still demanded.","authors":"Sogand Amiri, Shiva Rasekh, Seyed Mohammad Iman Moezzi, Nadia Seifi, Seyed Amirreza Fatemi, Shirin Fathi, Ashkan Bagheri, Manica Negahdaripour","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00643-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00643-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several high-risk types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with cervical cancer and other malignancies. Despite the tremendous success of marketed prophylactic HPV vaccines for the past 18 years, cervical cancer remains a significant global challenge. A nearly 10% increase in new cervical cancer cases worldwide from 2020 to 2022 underscores the urgent need for enhanced vaccination efforts. Current HPV vaccines, including Cervarix®, Gardasil®, Gardasil®9, Cecolin®, and Walrinvax® utilize VLP (virus-like particle) structures and have demonstrated significant efficacy. However, challenges such as type-limited coverage, cold-chain requirements, and affordability emphasize the critical need for further research and development of novel HPV vaccines. Some investigational vaccines, for instance, those using VLPs to carry protective antigens with broader coverage across different viral types, show promise for the future of cervical cancer prevention. Realizing this hope and making further progress still depend on the dedication and innovation of the scientists and authorities involved. This review focuses on both approved and investigational preventive vaccines, including also those designed for simultaneous prevention and therapy. Clinical trials are briefly reviewed, and potential strategies to advance vaccination against HPV-induced cervical cancer are summarized. This review emphasizes approaches that require further investigation in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11892266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a multiplex qPCR method for identification of high-risk genotypes of human papillomavirus.","authors":"Ali Mohammadi, Ehsan Lotfi, Fatemeh Karamali, Fereshteh Golab, Mahmood Barati","doi":"10.1186/s13027-024-00633-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-024-00633-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cervical cancer is a significant public health concern, disproportionately affecting women in less developed regions due to limited access to screening and vaccination programs. Despite advancements in cervical cancer prevention and treatment, there remains a need for efficient and cost-effective diagnostic tools. This study aimed to develop a multiplex real-time PCR assay to rapidly and accurately identify 15 human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes.The primary objective was to design a screening method capable of simultaneously detecting HPV types 16 and 18, which account for over 70% of cervical cancers, as well as other clinically relevant high-risk and probable/possible high-risk. To validate the assay's performance, we compared its results with those obtained using the commercially available INNO-LiPA HPV Genotyping Extra II Assay kit (FujireBio, Tokyo, Japan). The developed assay successfully identified 15 HPV genotypes in a single reaction. Analysis of 150 positive and 40 negative clinical samples demonstrated excellent concordance between the two assays. The in-house real-time PCR test exhibited a clinical sensitivity of 98% and a clinical specificity of 100%, indicating its reliability and accuracy for HPV genotyping. The multiplex real-time PCR assay is a cost-effective and efficient tool for HPV screening, detecting multiple genotypes simultaneously. It enhances screening efficiency and accuracy, improving early detection and management of HPV-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11889745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143585290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyomaviruses and the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Tahoora Mousavi, Fatemeh Shokoohy, Mahmood Moosazadeh","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00644-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00644-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer is a major global health problem worldwide, affecting more than 2.25 million women annually. The disease is influenced by various factors, including some viruses, gender, age, and family history. This study aimed to conducting a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies on the polyomaviruses in breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide an evidence-based analysis of the relationship between polyomaviruses and breast cancer. The global online databases were used to identify relevant studies published from 2000 to July 2024. The quality of each article was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) checklist. Data analysis was performed using STATA software, and standard errors of prevalence were calculated using the binomial distribution formula. Heterogeneity of study results was evaluated using the I-square and Q index, while publication bias was examined using the Begg's test. A random effects model was used to determine prevalence rates, and a forest plot diagram was used to present results with 95% confidence intervals. The Trim and Fill test was applied to estimate publication bias, and sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the influence of individual studies on the overall estimate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this analysis. In this study, the prevalence of BKV, JCV, HPyV7, KIV, WUV, SV40, and TSV in breast cancer patients was found to be 0%. By combining the results of these studies, the prevalence of PyV, MCV, and HPyV6 in breast cancer patients was 11%, 4%, and 1%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The meta-analysis presented here provides an exhaustive overview of the current literature on the prevalence of polyomaviruses in breast cancer patients. Findings indicate a potentially stronger association between PyV and breast cancer than other human polyomaviruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11881251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in individuals referred to a laboratory in Urmia, Iran.","authors":"Saber Mojarrad, Mojtaba Najmafshar, Zahra Kargar Jahromi, Omid Salahi Ardekani, Hadi Raeisi Shahraki, Monireh Jalvand, Farzin Asghari Sana","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00636-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00636-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major contributor to sexually transmitted infections, especially common in sexually active populations. Although the majority of HPV infections resolve naturally, certain cases can develop into different types of cancer. This study focused on evaluating the prevalence and distribution of HPV genotypes across males and females of different age groups who visited a laboratory in Urmia, Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Samples from the genital area were obtained from participants in the study. DNA extraction was performed using the Favorgen extraction kit (Favorgen, Taiwan), followed by genotyping through Real-Time PCR. Genotypes were determined using the MehrViru HPV genotyping kit (MehrViru, Iran). Additionally, demographic details, including age, were analyzed in conjunction with the statistical virological data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2022 and 2023, a total of 447 individuals, including both referred and routine visitors, attended the laboratory, comprising 431 females and 16 males. Of these, 195 tested positive for HPV, resulting in an overall prevalence rate of 43.6%. Among the positive cases, 90 individuals (46.2%) were infected with a single HPV genotype, while 105 cases (53.8%) had multiple genotype infections. The most common genotypes identified were HPV-6 (41.0%), HPV-16 (15.4%), HPV-56 (10.8%), and HPV-90 (10.8%). The least genotype identified was HPV-43, which was detected in 5 cases (2.6%). Additionally, our analysis revealed that women under 30 who tested positive were predominantly infected with the LR genotype, a pattern also seen in the four men in the same age group, all of whom were infected with the LR genotype.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings underscore the significant presence of HPV among both females and males visiting the laboratory in Urmia, particularly in individuals under 30 years old. The identification of HPV-6 and HPV-16 as the most prevalent genotypes highlights the importance of age-specific intervention strategies. Although vaccination programs cover HPV-6 and HPV-16, HPV-56 is not included, which underscores the need for comprehensive screening and preventive measures to address the potential long-term impacts of HPV-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11874643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143541817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential mechanism of circKIAA1429 accelerating the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Yiting Yuan, Junwei Huang, Guifen Wei, Guang Hu, Hongmei Yu, Yiming Tao","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00645-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00645-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigates the underlying mechanism of circKIAA1429 (hsa_circ_0084922) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>circKIAA1429, SETD1A, NAP1L3, and GLIS2 expressions in HCC cells were detected by RT-qPCR or western blot. The stability of circKIAA1429 was tested after treatment with actinomycin D and Rnase R enzyme. circKIAA1429 expression was knocked down, followed by detection of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration/invasion using CCK-8, flow cytometry, and transwell. RIP and RNA pull-down were performed to validate the binding between circKIAA1429 and SETD1A, while ChIP analysis determined the enrichment of SETD1A and H3K4me3 or H3K27me3 on GLIS2 or NAP1L3 promoter. A nude mouse xenograft tumor model was establish to test the effect of circKIAA1429 on tumorigenicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>circKIAA1429 and NAP1L3 were highly expressed in HCC cells, while GLIS2 was poorly expressed. Knockdown of circKIAA1429 repressed cell proliferation/invasion/migration and facilitated apoptosis. Mechanistically, circKIAA1429 directly interacted with SETD1A to reduce the enrichment of SETD1A and H3K4me3 or H3K27me3 on GLIS2 or NAP1L3 promoter, thus diminishing GLIS2 expression and elevating NAP1L3 expression. In vivo, circKIAA1429 promotes tumorigenesis via GLIS2/NAP1L3.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>circKIAA1429 interacts with SETD1A to inhibit the enrichment of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 on GLIS2 or NAP1L3 promoter, thus inhibiting/promoting the expression of GLIS2/NAP1L3 and accelerating the progression of HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11872318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of co-infections and hormonal contraceptives in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia prevalence among women referred to a tertiary hospital in Western Kenya.","authors":"Calleb George Onyango, Lilian Ogonda, Bernard Guyah","doi":"10.1186/s13027-024-00620-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-024-00620-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Screening for co-infections with HIV, HSV-2 and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) among high-risk human papilloma virus (hr-HPV) positive women, coupled with enhanced counseling on contraceptives use remains essential in alleviating high morbidity of cervical cancer (CC). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) among women referred for CC screening at a referral hospital in Kisumu County, Kenya; and to establish the role of co-infection and hormonal contraceptives on CIN.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In a cross-sectional study, we collected HPV, HIV, HSV-2 and CT data, cervical cytology results, and demographic information from 517 referrals. Blood samples were obtained for HIV and HSV-2 tests; urine for CT test, cervical swabs for hr-HPV test and colposcopic biopsy for histology confirmation after visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of CIN was 18.4% (95/517) with CIN1 observed in 56(29.6%), CIN2 in 27(`14.3%), CIN3 and above (CIN3+) in 12(6.3%) and normal biopsy in 94(49.7%) of the patients out of which high grade CIN2 and above (CIN2+) was 7.54% (39/517) equivalent to 32.5 per 100,000 women per year. In a univariate analysis; HPV/HIV co-infection (infected vs. uninfected: OR 2.79; 95% CI 1.56-5.10, p < 0.001); HPV/HSV-2 co-infection (infected vs. uninfected: OR 2.41; 95% CI: 1.12-5.46, p < 0.024); HPV/CT co-infection (infected vs. uninfected: OR 3.83; 95% CI 1.84-8.51, p < 0.001) were found to be significantly associated with CIN. Additionally, hormone-containing intra uterine device (HIUD) contraceptives (users vs. none users: OR 1.43; 95% CI 0.28-10.9, p < 0.017) were also associated with CIN.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Co-infections with HIV, HSV-2 or Chlamydia trachomatis and use of HIUD were associated with increased risk of testing positive for CIN in HPV positive women. Although the overall prevalence of CIN was high, high-grade CIN2 + was comparable to the rates reported earlier. Therefore, population screening for co-infections alongside hr-HPV is desirable and is likely to reduce the burden of CIN in the region. Besides, women positive for hr-HPV and opting for contraceptives ought to be counseled about the possible positive and negative side-effects of different contraception options.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11853817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Epstein-Barr virus and CD lymphocytes on the prognosis of patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.","authors":"Fangchu Liu, Yonghua Peng, Xintao Wang, Weili Long, Zhenhe Huang","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00638-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00638-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the factors influencing the occurrence and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is critical for reducing incidence rates and improving patient outcomes. The objective of this study is to preliminarily investigate the impact of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cluster of differentiation (CD) lymphocytes on the prognosis of patients with advanced NPC.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A prospective cohort study design was employed, involving newly diagnosed patients with NPC confirmed by pathological diagnosis. Patients received standard radiotherapy and chemotherapy according to treatment guidelines, with regular follow-up assessments conducted. Prior to treatment initiation, patients underwent testing for EBV, blood biochemistry, and other parameters, while baseline data including patient age, pathology, and tumor node metastasis classification (TNM) staging were also collected. The primary outcome measure focused on disease progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included a total of 99 cases, with a median age of 52 years, all of whom were stage III or IV patients. The median progression-free survival time for the patients was 45.53 months. After adjusting for confounding factors such as age, T stage, and metastasis, patients with low levels of B cells exhibited a 1.503-fold increased risk of progression compared to those with high levels of B cells (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.503; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.062-5.899). Patients infected with EBV had a 1.739-fold increased risk of progression compared to uninfected patients (adjusted HR = 2.739; 95% CI: 1.222-6.125).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study observed that patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma, infected with EBV and exhibiting diminished B cell levels, display heightened susceptibility to disease deterioration and progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11840979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143457874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of potent nucleos(t)ide analog on alpha fetoprotein changes and occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B.","authors":"Qianqian Ma, Junzhao Ye, Ling Luo, Yanhong Sun, Wei Wang, Shiting Feng, Bing Liao, Bihui Zhong","doi":"10.1186/s13027-025-00639-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13027-025-00639-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Successful antiviral therapy significantly decreases the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the serum is a valuable early indicator of HCC. However, it is unclear whether different antiviral medications have varying effects on AFP levels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this issue in those treated with entecavir (ETV) versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prospectively enrolled treatment-naive CHB adults who commenced treatment with ETV or TDF. Their changes in biochemical, virological, and fibrosis parameters and the elevation of AFP or development of HCC during follow-up were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1942 CHB patients were included (10-90% follow-up time 3-60 months), and 104 patients with elevated AFP (5.3%) and 27 patients with HCC development (1.4%) were identified during the follow-up. The difference in the cumulative incidence of AFP abnormalities and HCC was statistically significant between patients who received ETV or TDF therapy. Multivariate Cox regression showed that elevated liver stiffness with shear wave elastography (Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.05, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.08, P < 0.001) and abnormal AFP at baseline (HR = 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.00, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for abnormal AFP in CHB patients, while shear wave elastography (HR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.12, P < 0.001) was also independent risk factor for HCC. Similar results were obtained after propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. The combination of shear wave elastography (SWE), mPage-B score, age and type 2 diabetes mellitus had an area under the curve of 0.838 (P < 0.001) in predicting the occurrence of HCC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Similar AFP elevation and HCC development rates were observed in CHB patients treated with ETV or TDF. Elevated SWE and abnormal AFP at baseline were independent risk factors for abnormal AFP in CHB patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":13568,"journal":{"name":"Infectious Agents and Cancer","volume":"20 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11804019/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}