May Raouf, Salwa Kamal, Rawan Elsayed, Inass Zaki, Dina Kholeif
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Many viruses have been linked to BC; namely, Human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Bovine leukemia virus (BLV). However, a causal role is yet to be established.
Objectives: To detect the prevalence of BLV, EBV and HPV sequences in BC tissue compared to BC-free tissue and correlate their presence with different pathological features of BC.
Subjects and methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 75 FFPE (formalin fixed paraffin embedded) blocks of BC tissues and 25 of BC-free tissues obtained from Alexandria Main University Hospital pathology department archive. Demographic, medical, pathological data were retrieved from patients' archival records. Hormonal receptor status, Real-time PCR for viral detection and HPV genotyping were done. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. The Chi-square test, Fisher's Exact correction and Monte Carlo simulation were used for quantitative variables.
Results: Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most predominant histologic type (85.3%). BLV, EBV and HPV were detected in (22.7% vs. 16%, 14.7% vs. 8%, 6.7% vs. 0%) BC vs. non-BC tissues respectively with HR HPV 16 detection. Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and stage III were more commonly seen among tissues with positive viral detection vs. those which were negative (64.3% vs. 53% and 39% vs. 17% respectively). However, no single viral detection was found to be statistically significant in relation to clinicopathological parameters. Multiple viral co-existence was found in 18% of PCR positive cases which was significantly associated with younger age (P = 0.026).
Conclusion: Low rate of viral presence was found in BC tissues. Nevertheless, LVI and stage III were more commonly seen in tissues with positive viral detection. Moreover, a synergetic relation between multiple viral existence and BC development in young age could be possible yet to be verified.
背景：乳腺癌（BC）仍然是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。许多病毒都与BC有关；即人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）、爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（EBV）和牛白血病病毒（BLV）。然而，因果关系尚未确定。目的：检测BC组织中BLV、EBV和HPV序列的患病率，并将其与BC的不同病理特征联系起来。对象和方法：回顾性病例对照研究75例BC组织FFPE（福尔马林固定石蜡包埋）块和25例无BC组织，这些组织来自亚历山大美因大学医院病病科档案。从患者档案记录中检索人口统计学、医学和病理数据。进行激素受体状态、实时荧光定量PCR检测及HPV基因分型。采用SPSS软件进行统计分析。定量变量采用卡方检验、Fisher精确校正和蒙特卡罗模拟。结果：浸润性导管癌是最主要的组织学类型（85.3%）。hpv16在BC和非BC组织中分别检测到BLV、EBV和HPV （22.7% vs. 16%, 14.7% vs. 8%, 6.7% vs. 0%）。淋巴血管侵袭（LVI）和III期在病毒检测阳性的组织中比阴性组织更常见（分别为64.3%对53%和39%对17%）。然而，没有发现单个病毒检测与临床病理参数有统计学意义。PCR阳性病例中有18%存在多种病毒共存，且与年龄的变化有显著相关性（P = 0.026）。结论：BC组织中病毒的存在率较低。然而，LVI和III期更常见于病毒检测阳性的组织。此外，多种病毒的存在与年轻时BC的发展之间的协同关系可能尚未得到证实。
期刊介绍：
Infectious Agents and Cancer is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal that encompasses all aspects of basic, clinical, epidemiological and translational research providing an insight into the association between chronic infections and cancer.
The journal welcomes submissions in the pathogen-related cancer areas and other related topics, in particular:
• HPV and anogenital cancers, as well as head and neck cancers;
• EBV and Burkitt lymphoma;
• HCV/HBV and hepatocellular carcinoma as well as lymphoproliferative diseases;
• HHV8 and Kaposi sarcoma;
• HTLV and leukemia;
• Cancers in Low- and Middle-income countries.
The link between infection and cancer has become well established over the past 50 years, and infection-associated cancer contribute up to 16% of cancers in developed countries and 33% in less developed countries.
Preventive vaccines have been developed for only two cancer-causing viruses, highlighting both the opportunity to prevent infection-associated cancers by vaccination and the gaps that remain before vaccines can be developed for other cancer-causing agents. These gaps are due to incomplete understanding of the basic biology, natural history, epidemiology of many of the pathogens that cause cancer, the mechanisms they exploit to cause cancer, and how to interrupt progression to cancer in human populations. Early diagnosis or identification of lesions at high risk of progression represent the current most critical research area of the field supported by recent advances in genomics and proteomics technologies.
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