Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management最新文献

{"title":"High time to Update Statistical Guidance in Ecotoxicology-A Workshop Synthesis on the Revision of OECD Document No.54.","authors":"Benjamin Daniels, Thomas Gräff, Pia Kotschik, Susanne Walter-Rohde","doi":"10.1093/inteam/vjaf113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inteam/vjaf113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>OECD document No. 54 provides assistance on the statistical analysis of ecotoxicity data to ensure scientifically robust and globally harmonized evaluations of biotests across various regions and regulatory sectors. However, some of the recommended methodologies are outdated due to significant advances in statistical techniques and regulatory requirements. In addition, practitioners have been calling for a more user-friendly structure, aiming to facilitate data analysis for users without extensive statistical expertise. To address these concerns, a research project was initiated by the German Environment Agency with the aim to update OECD No. 54. As part of this project, a dedicated workshop was convened to gather expert perspectives from different sectors (incl. academic, industry and regulators) on revision needs of OECD No. 54 aiming to better reflect current scientific and regulatory standards. Key debates of the workshop included restructuring the document to improve user accessibility, clarifying terminology, addressing methodological gaps such as assessment approaches for ordinal and count data, and incorporating state-of-the-art modelling approaches for time-dependent toxicity assessment. In addition, the integration of modern statistical practices in hypothesis testing and the provision of clearer guidance on model selection for dose-response analyses were identified as crucial needs for updating OECD No. 54. This synthesis captures the workshop's contributions and recommendations, outlining a roadmap for the revision of OECD No. 54, and highlights the ongoing collaboration with an ISO working group to ensure consistency of standards across regulatory frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Water Quality Guidelines may not protect Wildlife from PFOS Bioaccumulation in Freshwater Ecosystems.","authors":"Suzanne Vardy, Brenda Baddiley, Christoph Braun, Troy Harris, Sarit Kaserzon, Stephen Moore","doi":"10.1093/inteam/vjaf110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inteam/vjaf110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been demonstrated in biota across the globe. Higher trophic-level air-breathing organisms that live in or depend upon aquatic ecosystems are most at risk from PFOS and other bioaccumulative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Nonetheless, there are very few guidelines available for the protection of air-breathing wildlife. The Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality provide default guideline values (DGV) for toxicants. These DGVs are based on traditional ecotoxicological tests that do not consider bioaccumulation. For chemicals known to bioaccumulate, the guidelines recommend a precautionary approach by applying the DGV that protects 99% of species. The PFAS National Environmental Management Plan (NEMP) provides wildlife diet guidelines (WDGs) to protect mammals and birds that consume aquatic organisms. Other jurisdictions have developed Water Quality Criteria for the protection of wildlife via the use of dietary studies and combined with bioconcentration factors to back calculate a safe concentration of PFOS in the water. As end users tend to use Water Quality Guidelines/Criteria as screening tools for further risk assessment, it is critically important to understand whether these PFOS guidelines effectively protect wildlife. In 2022-2023, water, sediment, and biota samples were collected over a year at eight sites in South East Queensland, Australia. The dominant PFAS found in biota was PFOS, with the only other PFAS found in biota to be long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). Fifty per cent of the sites had mean PFOS surface water concentrations that were below the draft Australian DGV and yet all but one had biota concentrations that exceeded the NEMP WDGs. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFS) in fish were inversely related to concentrations of PFOS in water and showed a high variability within species and sites. Considering this, an interim field derived screening threshold is proposed for wildlife risk assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144845783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics pollution in Bangladesh: A Decade of Challenges, Impacts and Pathways to Sustainability.","authors":"Chowdhury Alfi Afroze, Nasir Ahmed, Nur Kabidul Azam, Rownak Jahan, Hafizur Rahman","doi":"10.1093/inteam/vjaf108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inteam/vjaf108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review revisits microplastic pollution in Bangladesh from 2014 to 2024, synthesizing research on distribution, plastic types, policies, and mitigation strategies. Using PubMed and Google Scholar, peer-reviewed articles and documents were analysed to assess the sources, impacts, and policy effectiveness. Microplastics contaminate rivers, soil, air, fertilizers, and food products. The dominant polymers, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyamide, originate from fishing nets, industrial discharge, and urban waste, threatening ecosystems and food chains. Plastic pollution is exacerbated by transboundary river systems, excessive plastic production, the use of single-use plastics, and ineffective waste management. Meghna, Karnaphuli, and Rupsha rivers transport 1 million metric tons of mismanaged waste annually to coastal areas. The plastic industry, employing 1.2 million people across 5,000 manufacturers, has increased per capita plastic consumption from 3 kg in 2005 to 9 kg in 2020, worsening waste accumulation. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the crisis, with polythene bag usage increasing to 21 billion, generating 78,433 tons of waste. Plastic pollution costs USD 39 million annually, impacting tourism, fisheries, and municipal budgets, while microplastic contamination threatens seafood exports, and clean-up costs consume 30% of Bangladesh's environmental budget. Using an agent-based system dynamics model, simulations predict that per capita plastic waste will rise to 11.6 kg by 2040, with landfill accumulation reaching 70,000 tons and riverine discharge increasing from 512 to 834 tons, raising the plastic waste footprint index (PWFI) to 24. Policy 2, which implements 69% conversion, 80% source separation, and 50% riverine discharge reduction, proves most effective, lowering PWFI to 1.07 and ensuring sustainable waste management. However, an integrated approach combining research, policy enforcement, technological innovation, and global collaboration is crucial. Strengthening waste management framework, regulatory enforcement, and sustainable economic strategies will enable Bangladesh to mitigate microplastic pollution, advance its circular economy, and contribute to global environmental conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphibian species vulnerability to agricultural pressure resulting from changing climate suitability in the southeastern US.","authors":"Jackson Reimer, Justin Bousquin, Jill A Awkerman","doi":"10.1093/inteam/vjaf109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inteam/vjaf109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various stressors threaten amphibian species, affecting global populations and altering habitat suitability. Warmer, drier conditions reduce breeding pond availability in the southeastern United States, particularly for anurans dependent on seasonally inundated wetlands for development during the larval stage. As climate change alters weather patterns and wetland hydroregimes, a landscape-level assessment of projected changes in species distribution and environmental stressors is necessary to prioritize timely ecological risk assessment and conservation management response. In this analysis, we examine the influence of changing climate suitability in response to potential climate scenarios on the distribution of three anuran species, Anaxyrus quercicus, Dryophytes avivoca, and Lithobates capito. These species present differing potential for range expansion and loss under three climate scenarios derived from shared-socioeconomic pathways (SSP), SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5. These differences result in variable overlap of corn, cotton, and soybean agricultural areas with some species experiencing greater overlap and potential pesticide exposure than others. The differential vulnerabilities for the species examined highlight the importance of including climate-based scenarios in assessments of habitat availability and connectivity. These approaches are crucial to understand the threats to imperiled taxa such as amphibians in a changing landscape.</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic injury assessment and quantification for natural resource damage assessment using bayesian networks: A case-study of the PCB-contaminated Mississinewa River Basin.","authors":"April D Reed, Wayne G Landis","doi":"10.1093/inteam/vjaf103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inteam/vjaf103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The U.S. Federal Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration (NRDAR) program gives tribes and government appointed agencies the authority to assess injury to natural resources and pursue compensatory action for resources injured or lost due to unlawful release of chemicals into the environment. This study was performed to develop and test a Bayesian network (BN) decision support tool to lend quantitative insight into natural resource injury assessment. The BN model represents the causal relationship between the released polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and three common adverse effects of PCB exposure in fish-mortality, growth, and reproductive effects-as well as a combined largest effects model (CLEM) pathway. Each endpoint of a causal pathway is a probabilistic estimation of an injured or uninjured decision based on the PCB concentration in fish tissue and toxicity data. The probability distributions from the Bayesian network's CLEM pathway results were linked to spreadsheets that automate injury quantification in units of discount service acre years (DSAYS). Probabilistic injury determinations and quantifications were performed for individual spatial subregions of the study area and for the entire site. The case study focused on the fish resources of an inactive PCB-contaminated Superfund Site in mid-eastern Indiana-the Little Mississinewa River (LMR) and the larger Mississinewa River into which the LMR drains. Using the BN tool, we determined that there was at least low-level injury to fish resources throughout the Mississinewa River and Reservoir. We found that the likelihood of injury decreased with distance from the original contaminant release site. When quantified, the injury to the entire basin totaled 94,216 lost DSAYs. A secondary analysis determined higher injury to bottom feeding species of fish. This study demonstrated that BNs can be used to characterize and quantify natural resource injury for NRDAR purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing point source soil pollution in the Western balkans: Challenges and opportunities for EU integration.","authors":"Cristina Arias-Navarro, Dragana Vidojević, Pandi Zdruli, Felipe Yunta Mezquita, Arwyn Jones, Piotr Wojda","doi":"10.1093/inteam/vjaf104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inteam/vjaf104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil pollution poses a significant threat to human health and the environment in the Western Balkans. It contaminates food and water sources with potentially toxic elements (PTE) and degrades ecosystems by reducing soil functions and biodiversity. Industrialisation over the past century has made soil pollution a widespread issue in the region. This study aims to summarise the status of point source soil pollution, identify knowledge gaps, and support the implementation of the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans, with a focus on soil remediation priorities. Through the analysis of 118 contaminated or potentially contaminated sites, the study reveals that industrial and mining activities are the primary sources of soil pollution, while asbestos and nuclear energy contribute relatively less. Despite some progress in waste management, waste collection, transportation, and disposal systems, as well as insufficient waste treatment and recycling facilities, remain a major source of pollution in the region. Countries such as Serbia and North Macedonia have conducted preliminary assessments, but comprehensive regional data on waste management and pollution levels is lacking. Challenges include weak legal frameworks, insufficient funding, and limited site investigations. Effective strategies must prioritise high-risk sites and establish clear criteria for identifying pollution hotspots. A registry of contaminated sites is essential, starting with the most critical areas and expanding to include all sites with health and environmental risks. Public awareness and remediation efforts remain limited, underscoring the need for integrated policies, increased funding, and community engagement. Immediate action is crucial to mitigate soil pollution and protect public health. This work emphasises the urgent need for coordinated soil protection strategies to ensure sustainable land use and healthy soils in the Western Balkans.</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis of Human Health Surface Water Quality Criteria: A Case Study Using Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid.","authors":"Betsy Ruffle, Gemma Kirkwood, Kelly Vosnakis, Craig W Davis, Paul Koster Van Groos, Anita Thapalia","doi":"10.1093/inteam/vjaf097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inteam/vjaf097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human health surface water quality criteria (SWQC) for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) vary by up to five orders of magnitude between jurisdictions. The current study undertakes a probabilistic analysis to calculate a range of PFOS SWQC and rank input parameters based on their influence on criteria derivation. Probability distributions were used for exposure parameters (e.g., fish consumption rate, body weight, bioaccumulation factors), as well as the noncancer toxicity factor, which itself ranges over three orders of magnitude. Three distributions of the PFOS reference dose were evaluated: one based on animal data, one based on human data, and one based on both animal and human data. Using the three reference dose distributions, the 10th percentile SWQC range from 0.1 ng/L to 3 ng/L. Using the distribution based on human toxicity data only, approximately two thirds of the distribution of SWQC falls below typical analytical detection limits (around 1 ng/L). The sensitivity analysis identified fish consumption rate and PFOS toxicity factor as the most influential parameters, followed by bioaccumulation factors and relative source contribution. The application of probabilistic risk assessment as used in this study provides a useful tool for calculating a range of possible SWQC and understanding the relative importance of input parameters. The method of sensitivity analysis can be adapted to any chemical and target population.</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and opportunities for the environmental risk assessment of chemicals in soils: a recap and follow-up of a setac webinar.","authors":"Pia Kotschik, Mathieu Renaud, Juliska Princz, Ingrid Rijk, Ulrich Menke, Bonnie Brooks, Silvia Pieper, Cornelis A M van Gestel, Diana Vieira, Vera Silva, David Russell, Tiago Natal- da-Luz, Claudia Lima, Paola Grenni","doi":"10.1093/inteam/vjaf102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inteam/vjaf102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil sustainability is unquestionable but is under various threats, one of which includes chemical pollution. Under the vision of reaching healthy soils by 2050, the SETAC Webinar \"Assessing Risks in Soil: Challenges and Opportunities\" was held to understand the current state of soil health in Europe and, identify gaps in the environmental risk assessment (ERA) framework for chemicals entering soils. In reflection of the webinar and soil protection, strategies to describe the current state of soils, including knowledge on existing chemical pollution in soils and soil biodiversity metrics are discussed. With respect to soil pollution by chemicals, the current ERA framework was analysed to identify gaps and needs to protect in-soil biodiversity exposed to chemicals. Here, the importance of soil monitoring and cyclical feedback mechanisms for ERA is highlighted as well as the need to shift the current ERA framework towards a holistic approach that considers long-term impacts on in-soil organisms and soil biodiversity under realistic conditions. Two methods (terrestrial model ecosystems and trait-based approaches) are reviewed as potential suitable tools for the detection of community level effects within the ERA of chemicals entering soils. Finally, the need for cooperation and engagement between member states and stakeholders is tabled.</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic Risk Assessment Approaches Better Protect Susceptible Populations.","authors":"Jayme Coyle, Bradley Barnhart, Raymond Harbison, Kan Shao, A Wallace Hayes, Giffe Johnson","doi":"10.1093/inteam/vjaf101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inteam/vjaf101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Across all of its program areas, the United States Environmental Protection Agency conducts risk assessments to evaluate the potential adverse effects of environmental hazards on ecological and human health. Traditionally, these assessments rely on deterministic methods that use point estimates for key parameters and incorporate uncertainty factors and precautionary assumptions to account for uncertainties in data and variability in environmental conditions, exposure pathways, and population characteristics. However, these approaches are unnecessarily conservative for the general population yet fail to transparently account for the vulnerabilities of susceptible populations. Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) offers a more refined approach that utilizes distributional data to better characterize uncertainty and response. By leveraging empirical data and probabilistic modeling, PRA allows for a more transparent, precise quantification of risk that ensures targeted protection for susceptible populations. This article examines how PRA enhances each phase of risk assessment-hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization-to produce a more scientifically robust assessment of risk for susceptible populations, including both human and ecological receptors. We review the literature and discuss practical applications of PRA in regulatory contexts to illustrate its advantages over deterministic approaches. Finally, we discuss key implementation challenges and propose future research directions to advance risk assessment methodologies and improve policy decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced methods for soil and water remediation: Introduction to the RemTech Europe 2023 special Series.","authors":"Paola Grenni, Marco Falconi","doi":"10.1093/inteam/vjaf096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/inteam/vjaf096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many soil and water ecosystems are in poor condition. Contamination, among the numerous anthropogenic pressures on soils, causes degradation that may completely limit provision of ecosystem services. Healthy soils and waters are fundamental to sustaining life on earth, so the development and application of sustainable and effective technologies for remediation of contaminated environments is a priority. Also important are robust contaminated site risk assessment and management processes, and the application of high-resolution techniques for pollutant characterization. In addition, the socio-economic burden of contamination presents another highly complex challenge that requires attention. This special series features selected works from REMTECH Europe 2023, including presentations regarding difficult to treat contaminants such as pesticides and perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and the application of tools for rapid assessment of methane emissions from contaminated soils (e.g. tunable diode laser adsorption spectroscopy mounted on drones). The Series also includes a range of advanced approaches for in situ site remediation and practical site management, together with a demonstration of how soil degradation can reduce economic land value. Overall, advanced techniques for in situ remediation together with practical management of contaminated sites were presented in a hybrid attendance event that included combined face to face and online engagement participation at RemTech Europe. This fundamental role of RemTech Europe in knowledge exchange and sharing is crucial for promoting suitable and effective methodologies for the assessment and remediation of contaminated sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":13557,"journal":{"name":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}